scholarly journals Displacement Investigation of KNN-Bitumen-Based Piezoceramics in Asphalt Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ning Tang ◽  
Kaikai Yang ◽  
Wenhao Pan ◽  
Limei Wu ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Test System ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Piezoceramic Element ◽  
Piezoelectric Field ◽  
Natural Situation

Piezoelectric material has excellent characteristics of electromechanical coupling so that it could be widely applied in structural health monitoring field. Nondestructive testing of piezoelectric technique becomes a research focus on piezoelectric field. Asphalt concrete produces cumulative damage under the multiple repeated vehicle load and natural situation, so it is suited material and structure for nondestructive application. In this study, a test system was established by driving power of piezoceramic, laser displacement sensor, computer, and piezo-embedded asphalt concrete. Displacement, hysteresis, creeps, and dynamic behavior of KNN piezoceramic element embedded in asphalt concrete were tested. The results indicate that displacement output attained 0.4 μm to 0.7 μm when the loads were from 0 N to 150 N. The hysteresis was not obvious when the load was from 0 N to 100 N, aside from higher loads. The creep phenomenon can be divided into two parts: uptrend and balance. The more serious the asphalt binder ageing is, the larger the displacement is, when piezo-asphalt concrete has already been in serious ageing.

Nano-Scale Binder Phase Identification in Asphalt Concrete

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan M. Faisal ◽  
Zafrul Hakim Khan ◽  
Rafiqul Tarefder
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Creep Response ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Asphalt Film

Asphalt concrete (AC) consists of asphalt binder and aggregate. Aggregate consists of: coarse aggregate and fines. Asphalt binder creates a coating or film around the aggregate, which is defined as the binder phase of AC. Fines are believed to be trapped inside an asphalt film or mixed with asphalt binder, creating a composite material called mastic. Thus, AC has three phases: mastic, asphalt film binder, and coarse aggregate. All these phases play major roles in performance of AC. Researchers have performed various tests on asphalt binder at micro scale to understand the macro scale behavior of AC. However, test methods developed and performed on binders, to this day, are mostly rheological shear and bending beam tests. No studies have been conducted on the compression stiffness or modulus and hardness of and binder, rather than shear and binders stiffness. In addition, the existing tests used in the asphalt area cannot be performed on binder and mastic while they are an integral part of AC. Nanoindentation tests can be performed on aggregate and asphalt binder while they are integral parts of AC. Because, in nanoindentation test, a nanometer size tip, which is smaller than binder film thickness as well as other phases. In the study, Performance Grade (PG) 64–28 was used for the study, same binder had been used afterwards to characterize asphalt and AC. A loading rate of 0.005 mN/sec, a dwell time of 200 sec and a maximum load 0.055 mN were employed in the study. In the current study 20 indentations were done on the asphalt binder sample and 100 indentations were done on AC sample, due to heterogeneity of the sample. However, to identify a specific phase in AC sample, the current study adopts the depth range technique for as same loading protocol. The depth rage of binder phase was acquired by independent indentation on same asphalt binder sample. As, asphalt is known to be a viscoelastic material that exhibits creep behavior, the creep compliance of asphalt binder was used for validation of the depth range assumption. The validation of phase identification was done by comparing the asphalt binder phase creep response while they are integral part of AC with creep response of independent asphalt binder sample under nanoindenter. The comparison shows depth resolution technique can successfully identify the binder phase of AC.

Review From Multiple Perspectives for the State of the Practice on the Use of Recycled Asphalt Materials and Recycling Agents in Asphalt Concrete Surface Mixtures

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110611
Author(s):  
Jhony Habbouche ◽  
Ilker Boz ◽  
Benjamin Shane Underwood ◽  
Cassie Castorena ◽  
Saqib Gulzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Virginia Department

The objective of this paper is to provide information from multiple perspectives on the current state of the practice with regard to using recycled materials and recycling agents (RAs) in asphalt concrete mixtures. This information was collected through a survey of U.S. transportation agencies and RA suppliers combined with a search of RA-related specifications and pilot projects previously constructed. Moreover, a case study describing the Virginia Department of Transportation’s experience with RAs provides a tangible example of how at least one agency is approaching the potential implementation of these technologies. This practice review was achieved by documenting the experience, lessons learned, and best practices of multiple asphalt experienced contractors and asphalt binder suppliers in the Virginia area. This paper follows a similar survey conducted in 2014 as part of NCHRP 09-58 and provides a second look at the use of RAs across North America. Not all state departments of transportation have experience with using RAs. Factors preventing the use of RAs included specification limitations, lack of expertise in processing recycled materials, supporting data, and negative prior experiences. Developing a performance-based testing framework is mandatory for the successful use of RAs. In general, good and frequent communication with the RA supplier is critical and necessary during the planning stages, the production of mixtures, and the continuous quality control by the supplier to resolve issues when they arise. Finally, a strong quality control and quality assurance-testing program should be implemented to ensure that materials meet the properties needed to produce a good-performing mixture.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel High Durability Epoxy Asphalt Concrete for Bridge Deck Pavements

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 550-553
Author(s):  
Xing Song Cao ◽  
Dong Wei Cao ◽  
Shi Xiong Liu ◽  
Xio Qiang Yang ◽  
Lin Lan
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Epoxy Asphalt ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Specimen Test ◽  
Epoxy Asphalt Concrete

A novel high durability epoxy asphalt concrete for bridge deck pavements is introduced in this paper, including the manufacturing process of epoxy asphalt binder and laboratory evaluation for this material. Various laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the pavement performance of the materials, such as fatigue test, wheel tracking test, moisture susceptibility test and thermal stress restrained specimen test. Test results show that epoxy asphalt concrete has 20137 cycles/mm dynamic stability at 70°C, and-28.4 °C fracture temperature. The fatigue equations of epoxy asphalt concrete at different temperatures were obtained. Findings from the research indicate that the epoxy asphalt concrete is a suitable material for the pavement of long-span steel bridges in China due to its profound performance.

A Transient Hydrostatic Dynamometer for Single Cylinder Engine Research With Real Time Multi-Cylinder Dynamic Simulation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Lahti ◽  
Steven J. Andrasko ◽  
John J. Moskwa
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Test System ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
State Regime ◽  
Dynamometer Test

A new high-bandwidth transient hydrostatic dynamometer test system has been developed that accurately replicates multi-cylinder engine operation using a single-cylinder research engine. Single-cylinder engines are typically used for research because of their low cost and good cylinder accessibility for instrumentation and optics. This dynamometer maintains these advantages while dramatically improving transient and low speed testing capabilities. The system also incorporates hardware-in-the-loop models for simulation of other components that would typically be present in a vehicle application. These models include: adjoining cylinders and ancillary components in the engine, the transmission, driveline, and vehicle load. Utilizing these models it is possible to replicate actual driving cycles. This high-bandwidth transient dynamometer extends the test capabilities of single-cylinder research far beyond the traditional steady state regime, enabling transient speed single-cylinder engine research while providing single-cylinder engine operation that is comparable to the multi-cylinder engine.

Quantification of the Effect of Binder Source on Flexibility of Long-Term Aged Asphalt Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 605-616
Author(s):  
Zehui Zhu ◽  
Punit Singhvi ◽  
Uthman Mohamed Ali ◽  
Hasan Ozer ◽  
Imad L. Al-Qadi
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Aged Asphalt ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Aged Binder ◽  
Flexibility Index

Asphalt concrete (AC) aging reduces the resistance of flexible pavements to fatigue, thermal, and block cracking. Therefore, it is critical to understand the effects of AC aging on flexible pavement serviceability. Binder source has a significant effect on AC long-term aging. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable, practical, and systematic method to quantify the effect of binder source on AC cracking resistance. Seven laboratory mixes were designed and produced at three asphalt binder replacement (ABR) levels using various binders, but same binder performance grade (PG). The AC mixes were tested using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test (I-FIT) under unaged and long-term aged conditions. Standard Superpave tests and temperature-frequency sweep tests, were conducted on virgin binders under various aging conditions. By comparing the binder rheological parameters and flexibility index (FI) of long-term aged AC specimens, the [Formula: see text] and m-value after 40-h of aging using a pressure aging vessel (PAV) were identified as valid indicators to reflect the effects of the binder source on AC long-term flexibility. A minimum [Formula: see text] of -8°C and m-value of 0.280 were proposed as the preliminary thresholds. A new parameter, [Formula: see text], which is defined as the m-value of 20-h PAV-aged binder minus the m-value of a 40-h PAV-aged binder, correlates well with the aging rate of AC. A binder with a high [Formula: see text] may induce an excessive drop in flexibility after long-term aging.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Induction Heating on Asphalt Binder Aging in Steel Fibers Modified Asphalt Concrete

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hechuan Li ◽  
Jianying Yu ◽  
Shaopeng Wu ◽  
Quantao Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Heating ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Carbonyl Index ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Concrete Damage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Binder Aging

Induction heating is a valuable technology to repair asphalt concrete damage inside. However, in the process of induction heating, induced particles will release a large amount of heat to act on asphalt binder in a short time. The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of induction heating on asphalt binder aging in steel fibers modified asphalt concrete. The experiments were divided into two parts: induction heating of Dramix steel fibers coated with asphalt binder (DA) and steel wool fibers modified asphalt concrete. After induction heating, the asphalt binders in the samples were extracted for testing aging indices with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), and Four-Components Analysis (FCA) tests. The aging of asphalt binder was analyzed identifying the change of chemical structure, the diversification of rheological properties, and the difference of component. The experiments showed that the binder inside asphalt concrete began aging during induction heating due to thermal oxygen reaction and volatilization of light components. However, there was no peak value of the carbonyl index after induction heating of ten cycles, and the carbonyl index of DA was equivalent to that of binder in asphalt concrete after three induction heating cycles, which indicated the relatively closed environment inside asphalt concrete can inhibit the occurrence of the aging reaction.

New Alumosilicate Fillers Based on Sedimentary Rocks for Asphalt Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 1611 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Valeria Strokova ◽  
Mikhail Lebedev ◽  
Irina Potapova ◽  
Konstantin Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTAsphalt concrete is the most common material for highway and motorway construction. The quality of asphalt is determined, to a large extent, by properties of asphalt binder. Fillers, which are mineral powders from carbonate rocks and aggregates fines, such as limestone and dolomite, are often used in the composition of bitumen mastics affecting the performance of asphalt.This article explores the feasibility of using the fines of aluminosilicate sedimentary rocks as fillers. These materials are composed of clay minerals, which change their properties upon the contact with water. Normally, the use of such fillers is restricted because of poor water resistance and swelling of asphalt concrete. In order to improve the performance of these fillers, the thermal modification at moderate temperatures of 500–600 °C has been proposed. Such treatment provides sufficient structural stability of obtained materials and results in the reduction of water absorption of asphalt, improved water resistance (up to 2.5 times) and also, in reduced swelling (up to 9 times).It has been demonstrated that improvement in the filler performance can be achieved by a heat treatment. Such treatment induces changes in the mineral composition and converts the structure of clay minerals into the frame structure of zeolite, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Due to thermal treatment, there is a change in the acid-base properties of the surface of the filler, which is reflected in the profiles of the main adsorption centers. As a result, due to chemisorption, the modified aluminosilicate fillers are able to interact with bitumen. The application of new filler materials in asphalt concrete enables to enhance the performance.

scholarly journals Modelling and Laboratory Studies on the Adhesion Fatigue Performance for Thin-Film Asphalt and Aggregate System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Wang ◽  
Junyan Yi ◽  
Decheng Feng
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Adhesion Performance ◽  
Aggregate System

Adhesion between asphalt and aggregate plays an important role in the performance of asphalt mixtures. A low-frequency adhesion fatigue test was proposed in this paper to study the effect of environment on the asphalt-aggregate adhesion system. The stress-based fatigue model had been utilized to describe the fatigue behavior of thin-film asphalt and aggregate system. The factors influencing the adhesion fatigue performance were also investigated. Experiment results show that asphalt has more important effect on the adhesion performance comparing with aggregate. Basalt, which is regarded as hydrophobic aggregates with low silica content, has better adhesion performance to asphalt binder when compared with granite. The effects of aging on the adhesion fatigue performance are different for PG64-22 and rubber asphalt. Long-term aging is found to reduce the adhesion fatigue lives for rubber asphalt and aggregate system, while the effect of long-term aging for aggregate and PG64-22 binder system is positive. Generally the increased stress amplitude and test temperature could induce greater damage and lead to less fatigue lives for adhesion test system.

Practical Procedure for Developing Dynamic Modulus Master Curves for Pavement Structural Design

2005 ◽  
Vol 1929 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Bonaquist ◽  
Donald W. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Master Curve ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Test System ◽  
Pavement Design ◽  
Master Curves ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Testing Sequence

A dynamic modulus master curve for asphalt concrete is a critical input for flexible pavement design in the mechanistic–empirical pavement design guide developed in NCHRP Project 1–37A. The recommended testing to develop the modulus master curve is presented in AASHTO Provisional Standard TP62–03, Standard Method of Test for Determining Dynamic Modulus of Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete Mixtures. It includes testing at least two replicate specimens at five temperatures between 14°F and 130°F (–10°C and 54.4°C) and six loading rates between 0.1 and 25 Hz. The master curve and shift factors are then developed from this database of 60 measured moduli using numerical optimization. The testing requires substantial effort, and there is much overlap in the measured data, which is not needed when numerical methods are used to perform the time–temperature shifting for the master curve. This paper presents an alternative to the testing sequence specified in AASHTO TP62–03. It requires testing at only three temperatures between 40°F and 115°F (4.4°C and 46.1°C) and four rates of loading between 0.01 and 10 Hz. An analysis of data collected using the two approaches shows that comparable master curves are obtained. This alternative testing sequence can be used in conjunction with the simple performance test system developed in NCHRP Project 9–29 to develop master curves for structural design.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Olive Husk Ash on the Properties of Asphalt Concrete Mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Arabi N.S. Al Qadi ◽  
Taisir S. Khedaywi ◽  
Madhar A. Haddad ◽  
Owies A. Al-Rababa'ah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Mineral Aggregate ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Olive Husk ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Marshall Stability

Technology in transportation used available resources to make it safe, fast, suitable, easy, economic, and environmental to transport people and goods. Olive Husk became an environmental problem as waste materials especially in the Middle East where huge quantities are found. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of addition of Olive Husk Ash (OHA) on the properties of asphalt concrete mixtures. Marshall Test was used to perform the asphalt concrete mixture by the addition of OHA to the binder of asphalt; different percentages of OHA (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) by volume were added to the binder. Five percent of asphalt cements (5, 5.5, 6, 6.5 and 7%) by weight and limestone aggregate were used for preparing asphalt mixture specimens to find the optimum content of asphalt that could be used in the binder. Tests on flow, stability, air void percentage and void in mineral aggregate, retained stability, stiffness, and retained stiffness were made. The principle results on OHA as filler in Asphalt binder improves the Marshall Stability, and void in mineral aggregate and decrease in flow, retained stability, stiffness, and retained stiffness with a 10%-15% of olive husk ash replacement of asphalt binder. The contribution that OHA could be used as a pavement construction material in field.

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