New Alumosilicate Fillers Based on Sedimentary Rocks for Asphalt Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 1611 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Valeria Strokova ◽  
Mikhail Lebedev ◽  
Irina Potapova ◽  
Konstantin Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTAsphalt concrete is the most common material for highway and motorway construction. The quality of asphalt is determined, to a large extent, by properties of asphalt binder. Fillers, which are mineral powders from carbonate rocks and aggregates fines, such as limestone and dolomite, are often used in the composition of bitumen mastics affecting the performance of asphalt.This article explores the feasibility of using the fines of aluminosilicate sedimentary rocks as fillers. These materials are composed of clay minerals, which change their properties upon the contact with water. Normally, the use of such fillers is restricted because of poor water resistance and swelling of asphalt concrete. In order to improve the performance of these fillers, the thermal modification at moderate temperatures of 500–600 °C has been proposed. Such treatment provides sufficient structural stability of obtained materials and results in the reduction of water absorption of asphalt, improved water resistance (up to 2.5 times) and also, in reduced swelling (up to 9 times).It has been demonstrated that improvement in the filler performance can be achieved by a heat treatment. Such treatment induces changes in the mineral composition and converts the structure of clay minerals into the frame structure of zeolite, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Due to thermal treatment, there is a change in the acid-base properties of the surface of the filler, which is reflected in the profiles of the main adsorption centers. As a result, due to chemisorption, the modified aluminosilicate fillers are able to interact with bitumen. The application of new filler materials in asphalt concrete enables to enhance the performance.

scholarly journals Studying the Effect of Syrian Natural Zeolite On Properties of Asphalt Binder

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ali Abdullh ◽  
Fayez Suleiman ◽  
Bassem Ali ◽  
Adel Dib
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aged Asphalt ◽  
The Cost

In the last years, many researchers studied production of warm asphalt concrete by usingorganic, chemical and water-bearing additive )synthetic zeolite). The purpose of this research is to study theeffect of Syrian natural zeolite on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt binder and verify ofusing it to produce warm asphalt concrete (as a binder modifier or as additive to asphalt concrete), in additionto economic benefits by saving on the cost of synthetic zeolite. In this study, natural zeolite characterizationhas been investigated via X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermal Gravimetricanalysis (TGA). Natural zeolite was added to asphalt binder with different percentages (3, 4, 5 and 6%) byweight and to determine the effect of natural zeolite on properties of asphalt binder, penetration at )25(°∁,softening point, ductility, viscosity at (110, 120, 135)°∁ and RTOFT tests were carried out on both modifiedand unmodified aged asphalt binder with natural zeolite. According to the test results, it has been seen thatthe addition of natural zeolite improves properties of the asphalt binder and an increase in its resistance tofatigue, and do not make a substantial difference on the workability of the asphalt binder. So the effect ofthe mixture of natural zeolite additives on the workability could not be predicted on asphalt binder, thereforethe direct effect of additives should be studied on the asphalt mixtures.

Clay minerals as palaeoenvironmental indicators in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays from Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Mechanical Erosion

ABSTRACT Dudek, T. 2012. Clay minerals as palaeoenvironmental indicators in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays from Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62 (3), 297-305. Warszawa. This paper reports the results of X-ray diffraction quantitative mineralogical studies of the clay-rich Middle Jurassic sedimentary rocks from Gnaszyn, central Poland and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation. The palaeoenvironmental interpretation is aided by the fact that the sediments have not been significantly altered by diagenesis. The mineral composition is uniform throughout the succession: quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, calcite, gypsum, anhydrite, pyrite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and glauconite. The clay assemblage is dominated by illite, which alone accounts for about 20 wt% of the total mineral content. Kaolinite amounts usually <10 wt% and chlorite and glauconite occur in subordinate quantities. The clay mineral assemblage is largely of detrital origin and indicates rather cool and/or dry climatic conditions favouring mechanical erosion of the source rocks.

Sedimentary Rocks Associated with the Coal Seams of the Saddle Beds from the Chwałowice Trough – West Part of Upper Silesian Coal Basin / Skały Osadowe Towarzyszące Pokładom Węgla Warstw Siodłowych Niecki Chwałowickiej – Zachodnia Część Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-373
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stanienda
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
West Part ◽  
Small Grains

Abstract The results of investigation of the associated rocks with the Saddle Beds Coals Seams from Chwałowice Trough were presented in this article. The results of researches show that sandstones and mudstones dominate in the investigating profile. Claystones are situated mainly in ceilings and floors of coal seams. Grains of sandstones include mainly quartz, feldspars, micas and also quartzite’s and gneiss’s fragments. It is also possible to observe small grains of heavy minerals. Some of sandstones present bad compactness and are destroyed during transportation. This feature is connected with presence of little quantity of cement, especially in medium grained sandstones, which include more matrix than typical cement. The cement is built mainly of clay minerals, kaolinite and illite, carbonates and chalcedony but X-ray diffraction confirmed also the presence of halite in the cement of investigated sandstones. Mudstones and claystones are composed mainly of clay minerals. It’s also possible to find quartz and micas there. Higher amounts of quartz and micas are possible to find rather in mudstones. The associated rocks with the Saddle Beds Coal Seams from Chwałowice Trough include also organic matter.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 174751982098472
Author(s):  
Lalmi Khier ◽  
Lakel Abdelghani ◽  
Belahssen Okba ◽  
Djamel Maouche ◽  
Lakel Said
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

THE CLAY MINERALS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SUBSOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. J. Hortie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The South ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Montmorillonitic Clay

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the clay minerals present in fourteen subsoil samples that were selected to represent some more important clay-bearing deposits in British Columbia. The clay mineralogy of the subsoils varied considerably but montmorillonitic clay minerals tended to predominate in the water-laid deposits of the south and illite in the soil parent materials of the Interior Plains region of the northeastern part of the Province.

Study of the quality of GaAs thin film on Si substrate by X-ray diffraction method

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Li Chaorong ◽  
Mai Zhenhong ◽  
Cui Shufan ◽  
Zhou Junming ◽  
Yutian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals High temperature structural study of decagonal Al-Cu-Rh quasicrystal.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C94-C94
Author(s):  
Pawel Kuczera ◽  
Walter Steurer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Configurational Entropy ◽  
Lattice Vibrations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilization Mechanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Comparative Structure ◽  
The Stability

The structure of d(ecagonal)-Al-Cu-Rh has been studied as a function of temperature by in-situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction in order to contribute to the discussion on energy or entropy stabilization of quasicrystals (QC) [1]. The experiments were performed at 293 K, 1223 K, 1153 K, 1083 K, and 1013 K. A common subset of 1460 unique reflections was used for the comparative structure refinements at each temperature. The results obtained for the HT structure refinements of d-Al-Cu-Rh QC seem to contradict a pure phasonic-entropy-based stabilization mechanism [2] for this QC. The trends observed for the ln func(I(T1 )/I(T2 )) vs.|k⊥ |^2 plots indicate that the best on-average quasiperiodic order exists between 1083 K and 1153 K, however, what that actually means is unclear. It could indicate towards a small phasonic contribution to entropy, but such contribution is not seen in the structure refinements. A rough estimation of the hypothetic phason instability temperature shows that it would be kinetically inaccessible and thus the phase transition to a 12 Å low T structure (at ~800 K) is most likely not phason-driven. Except for the obvious increase in the amplitude of the thermal motion, no other significant structural changes, in particular no sources of additional phason-related configurational entropy, were found. All structures are refined to very similar R-values, which proves that the quality of the refinement at each temperature is the same. This suggests, that concerning the stability factors, some QCs could be similar to other HT complex intermetallic phases. The experimental results clearly show that at least the ~4 Å structure of d-Al-Cu-Rh is a HT phase therefore entropy plays an important role in its stabilisation mechanism lowering the free energy. However, the main source of this entropy is probably not related to phason flips, but rather to lattice vibrations, occupational disorder unrelated to phason flips like split positions along the periodic axis.

Crystalline and Electrical Properties of Ferroelectric Silver Niobate-tantalate thin Films

2000 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hyuk Koh ◽  
S.I. Khartsev ◽  
Alex Grishin ◽  
Vladimir Petrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ferroelectric State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ferroelectric Hysteresis ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time AgTa0.38Nb0.62O3 (ATN) films have been grown on the La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO)/LaAlO3 single crystal as well as onto Pt80Ir20 (PtIr) polycrystalline substrate. Comprehensive X-ray diffraction analyses reveal epitaxial quality of ATN and LSCO films on the LaAlO3(001) substrate, while ATN/PtIr films have been found to be (001) preferentially oriented. Dielectric spectroscopy performed for ATN films and bulk ceramics in a wide temperature range 77 to 420 K shows the structural monoclinic M1-to-monoclinic M2 phase transition occurs in films at the temperature 60 °C lower than in ceramics. The tracing of the ferroelectric hysteresis P-E loops indicates the ferroelectric state in ATN films at temperatures below 125 K and yields remnant polarization of 0.4 μC/cm2 @ 77 K. Weak frequency dispersion, high temperature stability of dielectric properties as well as low processing temperature of 550 °C make ATN films to be attractive for various applications.

Characterization of Natural and Synthesized FeTiO3 Crystals With RBS/PIXE/XRD

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
R. Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
Z. N. Dai ◽  
K. Narumi ◽  
A. Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Floating Zone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Ppm Level

Natural FeTiO 3 (illuminate) and synthesized FeTiO 3, single crystals were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy combined with channeling technique and particle-induced x-ray emission (RBS-C and PIXE). The results obtained by the ion beam analysis were supplemented by the x-ray diffraction analysis to identify the crystallographic phase. Oriented single crystals of synthesized FeTiO 3 were grown under the pressure control of CO 2 and H 2 mixture gas using a single-crystal floating zone technique. The crystal quality of synthesized FeTiO 3 single crystals could be improved by the thermal treatment but the exact pressure control is needed to avoid the precipitation of Fe 2 O 3 even during the annealing procedure. Natural FeTiO 3 contains several kinds of impurities such as Mn , Mg , Na and Si . The synthesized samples contain Al , Si and Na which are around 100 ppm level as impurities. The PBS-C results of the natural sample imply that Mn impurities occupy the Fe sublattice in FeTiO 3 or in mixed phase between ilmenite and hematite.

Late Mesozoic—Cenozoic clay mineral successions of southern Iran and their palaeoclimatic implications

Clay Minerals ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khormali ◽  
A. Abtahi ◽  
H. R. Owliaie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractClay minerals of calcareous sedimentary rocks of southern Iran, part of the old Tethys area, were investigated in order to determine their origin and distribution, and to reconstruct the palaeoclimate of the area. Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thin-section studies were performed on the 16 major sedimentary rocks of the Fars and Kuhgiluyeh Boyerahmad Provinces.Kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, illite, palygorskite and illite-smectite interstratified minerals were detected in the rocks studied. The results revealed that detrital input is possibly the main source of kaolinite, smectite, chlorite and illite, whilein situneoformation during the Tertiary shallow saline and alkaline environment could be the dominant cause of palygorskite occurrences in the sedimentary rocks.The presence of a large amount of kaolinite in the Lower Cretaceous sediments and the absence or rare occurrence of chlorite, smectite, palygorskite and illite are in accordance with the warm and humid climate of that period. Smaller amounts of kaolinite and the occurrence of smectite in Upper Cretaceous sediments indicate the gradual shift from warm and humid to more seasonal climate. The occurrence of palygorskite and smectite and the disappearance of kaolinite in the late Palaeocene sediments indicate the increase in aridity which has probably continued to the present time.

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