Predictors of Sun Protective Behaviors among Latino Day Laborers

Objectives. Despite the substantial solar ultraviolet radiation experienced by Latino day laborers, little attention has been given to factors that are associated with sun protective behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine psychological and nonpsychological predictors of sun protective behaviors among Latino day laborers. Methods. This cross-sectional study included a nonrandom sample of 137 Latino day laborers recruited from Mississippi and Illinois. Participants completed a self-report survey instrument, available in English and Spanish, on sun protective behaviors. Results. Multivariate regression results showed that sun protective behaviors were significantly greater among Latino day laborers: (a) who had greater perceptions that their supervisor also engaged in sun protective behaviors (β=0.25, p≤0.01); (b) who reported higher levels of health literacy (β=0.23, p≤0.001); (c) who have greater knowledge of skin cancer risk factors (β=0.21, p≤0.01); and (d) who have skin tone that was self-perceived to be more prone to sunburns (β=0.19, p≤0.01). Conclusions. Latino day laborers possess marginal levels of skin cancer knowledge and engage minimally in sun protective behaviors. Skin cancer prevention interventions are warranted for this high-risk group, particularly in the locations in which Latino day laborers work.

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Examining intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors among Latino day laborers: An application of the theory of planned behavior

Health Promotion Perspectives ◽

10.34172/hpp.2021.45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 351-359

Author(s):

Javier Francisco Boyas ◽

Jana L. Woodiwiss ◽

Vinayak K. Nahar

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Self Report ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Day Laborers ◽

Protective Behaviors ◽

Latino Day Laborers

Background: The past two decades has revealed an unprecedented increasing incidence of skin cancer within the Latinx population. Although Latino day laborers (LDLs) are at heightened risk for developing skin cancer because of the outdoor work in which they engage, there is limited research examining their intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors (SPBs). Therefore, this study sought to assess the explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify attitudinal, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control factors associated with intentions to engage in SPB among LDLs. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study consists of a non-random convenience,community-based, sample of 137 LDLs residing in Mississippi and Illinois. Data were collected using a self-report survey centered on health practices and sun-protective behaviors. Results: Findings revealed that five significant factors shaped intentions to engage in SPBs, including barriers to engaging in SPBs (β =.30, P<0.001), benefits of engaging in SPBs (β =.27,P<0.001), education (β=0.20, P<0.01), and acculturation (β=0.18, P≤0.05). The independent variables tested in the model accounted for 42% of the change in intentions to engage in SPBs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates TPB’s usefulness for predicting future intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs. Moreover, the strongest factor associated with predicting intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs was perceived behavioral control. Thus, since SPBs are malleable, emphasis is placed on implementing interventions for this population that promote intentions and address perceived behavioral control.

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Skin Protection Behaviors among Young Male Latino Day Laborers: An Exploratory Study Using a Social Cognitive Approach

Dermatology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2016/1479637 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Javier F. Boyas ◽

Vinayak K. Nahar ◽

Robert T. Brodell

Keyword(s):

Exploratory Study ◽

Social Cognitive ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Day Laborers ◽

Cancer Knowledge ◽

Cognitive Approach ◽

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Latino Day Laborers

Latino Day Laborers (LDLs) are employed in occupations where multiple work hazards exist. One such hazard is the overexposure to solar ultraviolet radiation for continuous periods of time. Regular sun exposure can put individuals at increased risk of developing skin cancers, especially without adequate protection. The purpose of this cross-sectional exploratory study was to use a social cognitive framework to assess skin protective behaviors among LDLs. A community-based nonrandom and purposive sample of LDLs was recruited in two states: Mississippi and Illinois. The study sample consisted of 137 male participants, of which the majority were of Mexican ancestry (72%). The average age was 35.40 (SD=9.89) years. Results demonstrated that a substantial number of LDLs do not adequately practice sun protection behaviors on a regular basis. The skin cancer knowledge scores were very modest. The most frequently indicated barriers towards sun protection were “inconvenient,” “forget to use,” and “not being able to reapply sunscreen.” Overall, LDLs had moderate confidence in their abilities to adopt successful sun protection strategies. This study underscores the need for intervention programs aimed at LDLs to reduce extended time in the sun and increase use of sun protective measures when working outdoors.

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Skin Cancer Knowledge, Beliefs, Self-Efficacy, and Preventative Behaviors among North Mississippi Landscapers

Dermatology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/496913 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Vinayak K. Nahar ◽

M. Allison Ford ◽

Jeffrey S. Hallam ◽

Martha A. Bass ◽

Amanda Hutcheson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Service Industry ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Health Belief ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Cancer Knowledge ◽

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cancer History

There are slightly over one million workers in the landscape service industry in the US. These workers have potential for high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, increasing their risk of skin cancer. A cross-sectional sample of 109 landscapers completed a self-administered questionnaire based on Health Belief Model (HBM). The participants correctly answered 67.1% of the knowledge questions, 69.7% believed they were more likely than the average person to get skin cancer, and 87.2% perceived skin cancer as a severe disease. Participants believed that the use of wide-brimmed hats, long sleeved shirts/long pants, and sunscreen was beneficial but reported low usage of these and other sun protective strategies. The primary barriers to using sun protection were “I forget to wear it” and “it is too hot to wear.” Of the HBM variables, perceived benefits outweighing perceived barrier (, ) and self-efficacy (, ) were correlated with sun protection behaviors. The reasons for absence of the relationship between perceived skin cancer threat and sun protection behaviors could be lack of skin cancer knowledge and low rate of personal skin cancer history.

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UV-Induced Skin Cancer Knowledge, Sun Exposure, and Tanning Behavior among University Students: Investigation of an Opportunity Sample of German University Students

Journal of Skin Cancer ◽

10.1155/2021/5558694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Marc Rocholl ◽

Julia Hannappel ◽

Michaela Ludewig ◽

Swen Malte John

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

University Students ◽

Literature Search ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Sun Protection ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Cancer Knowledge ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the most important risk factor for developing skin cancer. University students can be considered as a particularly high-risk group for long- and short-term adverse effects of UVR due to intensive solar UVR exposure and high rates of sunburn. While validated questionnaires for assessing solar UVR exposure and sun protection behavior are available in German, a questionnaire for assessing the level of knowledge about this topic is still missing. We conducted a literature search for cross-sectional studies assessing skin cancer and sun protection knowledge among university students in Medline (via PubMed) and analyzed existing questionnaires and topics contained therein. We chose to translate the “Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge Scale” referring to the TRAPD method into the German language and pilot-tested the translation with an opportunity sample of German students. The literature search revealed 36 eligible studies. Four major topics were identified within the studies: knowledge on skin cancer, risk factors, UVR, and sun protection measures. One hundred and seven German university students (86.0% female) with a mean age of 26.25 years (SD ± 4.58; range: 19–46) participated in our pilot study. The internal reliability of the scale was KR-20 = 0.624. We discovered an improvable level of knowledge in terms of skin cancer among the study population. Statistical analyses revealed no significant associations between the level of knowledge and UVR exposure or tanning behavior, respectively. The skin cancer and sun protection knowledge of German university students should be examined thoroughly. While the psychometric properties of the SCSK require further thorough investigation, first empirical experiences indicate the suitability of the tool to assess the level of knowledge regarding skin cancer and sun protection.

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Sun Protective Behaviors and Attitudes of Runners

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports10010001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Adam S. Tenforde ◽

Michael Fredericson ◽

Kierann E. S. Toth ◽

Kristin L. Sainani

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Online Survey ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Sun Protection ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Cancer Knowledge ◽

Protective Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional

Sun exposure is a risk factor for skin cancer. Knowledge and behaviors around sun exposure protective measures are poorly described in athletes including runners. Our primary objective was to describe sun exposure behaviors and knowledge in a population of runners. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 697 runners to measure the frequency of seven sun protective behaviors: sunscreen use on the face or body; wearing a hat, sunglasses, or long sleeves; running in shade; and avoidance of midday running. Between 54% and 84% of runners reported that they engaged in these behaviors at least sometimes, but only 7% to 45% reported frequent use. Of 525 runners who gave a primary reason for not using sunscreen regularly, 49.0% cited forgetfulness; 17.3% cited discomfort; and only a small percentage cited maintaining a tan (6.1%) or optimizing vitamin D (5.1%). Of 689 runners who responded to a question about what factor most influences their overall sun exposure habits, 39.2% cited fear of skin cancer, 28.7% cited comfort level, and 15.8% cited fear of skin aging. In addition to the seven individual behaviors, we also asked runners how frequently they took precautions to protect against the sun overall. We explored associations between participant characteristics and the overall use of sun protection using ordinal logistic regression. Overall, sun protection was used more frequently in runners who were female, older, or had a history of skin cancer. Runners appear to recognize the importance of sun protection and the potential consequences of not using it, but report forgetfulness and discomfort as the biggest barriers to consistent use. Interventions using habit-formation strategies and self-regulation training may prove to be most useful in closing this gap between knowledge and practice.

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Skin cancer knowledge and attitudes in the region of Fez, Morocco: a cross-sectional study

BMC Dermatology ◽

10.1186/s12895-017-0055-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Awatef kelati ◽

Hanane Baybay ◽

Mariam Atassi ◽

Samira Elfakir ◽

Salim Gallouj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cancer Knowledge ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes

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The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer and Public Health Strategies for Its Prevention in Southern Africa

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17031017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Caradee Y. Wright ◽

D. Jean du Preez ◽

Danielle A. Millar ◽

Mary Norval

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽

Skin Cancer Prevention ◽

African Countries ◽

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Public Health Strategies

Skin cancer is a non-communicable disease that has been underexplored in Africa, including Southern Africa. Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important, potentially modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. The countries which comprise Southern Africa are Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland. They differ in population size and composition and experience different levels of solar UVR. Here, the epidemiology and prevalence of skin cancer in Southern African countries are outlined. Information is provided on skin cancer prevention campaigns in these countries, and evidence sought to support recommendations for skin cancer prevention, especially for people with fair skin, or oculocutaneous albinism or HIV-AIDS who are at the greatest risk. Consideration is given to the possible impacts of climate change on skin cancer in Southern Africa and the need for adaptation and human behavioural change is emphasized.

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Skin Cancer Prevalence in Outdoor Workers of Ski Resorts

Journal of Skin Cancer ◽

10.1155/2020/8128717 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yolanda Gilaberte ◽

Josep Manel Casanova ◽

Ana Julia García-Malinis ◽

Salvador Arias-Santiago ◽

Maria Reyes García de la Fuente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Sierra Nevada ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ski Resort ◽

Outdoor Workers ◽

Ski Resorts ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Skin Cancers

Background. Snow reflectivity and altitude increase the exposure of ski resort workers to solar ultraviolet radiation. The aim was to assess the presence of skin cancer in ski resorts workers and compare it with other groups of outdoor workers reviewing published studies. Methods. An observational cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the three largest ski resorts in Spain: Baqueira Beret, Lleida; Formigal, Huesca and Sierra Nevada, Granada. All outdoor workers including ski instructors were invited to participate in the study. The participants completed a validated questionnaire about sun exposure and underwent a skin examination. Results. 219 workers were included in the study (80% male; mean age 43.8 (SD 11.31) years). Actinic keratosis (AK) but no other skin cancers were detected in 32 participants (14.62%). Those with AK worked in the Southernmost ski resort, were more likely to have light colour hair, and were older and with higher photoaging grade than those without them. Conclusion. Compared to other studies, outdoor workers on ski resorts show a higher prevalence of AK than general population but a lower prevalence than other groups of outdoor workers.

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SunSmart Accreditation and Use of a Professional Policy Drafting Service: Both Positively and Independently Associated with High Sun Protective Hat Scores Derived from Primary School Policies

Journal of Skin Cancer ◽

10.1155/2020/9695080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

A. I. Reeder ◽

E. E. Iosua ◽

B. McNoe ◽

A.-C. L. Petersen

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Primary Schools ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

World Health ◽

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Accredited Schools ◽

Prevention Programmes

Background. The head and neck are exposed to the highest solar ultraviolet radiation levels and experience a disproportionate skin cancer burden. Sun protective hats can provide an effective barrier. Since early life exposure contributes to skin cancer risk, the World Health Organisation recommends prevention programmes in schools. The New Zealand SunSmart Schools programme is one example. Two criteria concern wearing hat outdoors: students are required to wear a hat providing protection for the face, neck, and ears; if a suitable hat is not worn, students must play in shaded areas. Objectives. To investigate two internationally relevant interventions as plausible statistical predictors of hat policy strength: (1) skin cancer primary prevention programme membership, (2) use of a professional policy drafting service. Methods. Of 1,242 (62%) eligible schools participating in a 2017 national survey, 1,137 reported a sun protection policy and 842 were available for categorising and allocating protective scores (0–3). Results. In multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression models of cross-sectional association, adjusted for school characteristics, SunSmart accredited schools and those utilising a policy drafting service were independently significantly more likely than their counterparts to obtain the most protective compared to the least protective hat score (respectively, RRR 6.48: 95% CI 3.66, 11.47; 7.47: 3.67, and 15.20). For the dichotomous shade measure, similar associations were found using adjusted logistic regression (OR 3.28: 95% CI 2.11, 5.09; 2.70: 1.54, 4.74). Conclusions. Our findings provide support for two plausible interventions that could potentially be implemented beneficially in primary schools via established infrastructure in any jurisdiction, internationally.

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