Design of seismic isolated building is often a highly iterative and tedious process due to the nonlinear behavior of the system, a large range of design parameters, and uncertainty of ground motions. It is needed to consider a comprehensive optimization procedure in the design of isolated buildings with optimized performances. This can be accomplished by applying a rigorous optimization technique. However, due to many factors affecting the performance of isolated buildings, possible solutions are abundant, and the optimal solution is difficult to obtain. In order to simplify the optimization process, an isolated building is always modeled as a shear-type structure supported on the isolated layer, and the optimal results are the parameters of the isolated layer which could not be used as a practical design of the isolated structure. A two-stage optimization method for designing isolated buildings as a practical and efficient guide is developed. In the first stage, a 3D isolated building model is adopted that takes into account of nonlinear behavior in building and isolation devices. The isolation devices are simplified as a kind of lead-rubber bearing. The genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal parameters of the isolated layer. In the second stage, the location parameters of isolation bearing layout are optimized. Moreover, the cost of the isolation bearing layout should be as low as possible. An integer programming method is adopted to optimize the number of each type of isolator. Considering vertical bearing capacity of isolators and the minimum eccentricity ratio of the isolated layer, the optimal bearing layout of the isolated building can be obtained. The proposed method is demonstrated in a typical isolated building in China. The optimum bearing layout of the isolated building effectively suppresses the structural seismic responses, but the cost of the isolated layer might slightly increase.
Design Optimization of the Centrifugal Pumps via Low Fidelity Models
