Toxicological Assessment of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich.) Engl. Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract in Rats: Haematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Studies

Pseudospondias microcarpa is used traditionally for treating various diseases. However, although parts of the plant are extensively used in African traditional medicine, no scientific study has been reported on its toxicity. Therefore, this study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract of P. microcarpa in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (120–150 g) were treated orally with the extract (30, 100, 300, 1000, and 3000 mg kg−1) or distilled water (10 ml kg−1) for 2 weeks and observed daily for general appearance and signs of toxicity. In addition, blood was collected for both biochemical and haematological assays. Sections of tissues from liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and stomach were also used for histopathological examination. Administration of the extract for 14 consecutive days caused no deaths, with an LD50 above 3000 mg kg−1. Except for lymphocytes (%) that showed a significant decrease (F5,23=3.93, P=0.013), all other haematological parameters remained unaffected by the extract. The extract at 100 mg kg−1 showed a significant decrease in the levels of triglyceride and very-low-density lipoproteins (both at P<0.05). Weight change as well as histological evaluation of the organs indicated no toxicity. The study demonstrates that an ethanolic extract of P. microcarpa given orally to rats is safe.

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Acute and subacute toxicity of an ethanolic extract of Melandrii Herba in Crl:CD sprague dawley rats and cytotoxicity of the extract in vitro

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-016-1342-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eunsook Park ◽

Mee-Young Lee ◽

Chang-Seob Seo ◽

Sae-Rom Yoo ◽

Woo-Young Jeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

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Safety Assessment of a Hydroethanolic Extract of Caralluma fimbriata

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/1091581813492827 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 385-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antoinette Y. Odendaal ◽

Narendra S. Deshmukh ◽

Tennille K. Marx ◽

Alexander G. Schauss ◽

John R. Endres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developmental Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Developmental Study ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

This toxicological assessment evaluated the safety of a hydroethanolic extract prepared from Caralluma fimbriata (CFE), a dietary supplement marketed worldwide as an appetite suppressant. Studies included 2 in vitro genotoxicity assays, a repeated dose oral toxicity study, and a developmental study in rats. No evidence of in vitro mutagenicity or clastogenicity surfaced in the in vitro studies at concentrations up to 5000 μg of extract/plate (Ames test) or 5000 μg of extract/mL (chromosomal aberration test). No deaths or treatment-related toxicity were seen in the 6-month chronic oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats conducted at 3 doses (100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d). The no observed effect level for CFE in this study was considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw/d. A prenatal developmental toxicity study conducted at 3 doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg bw/d) in female Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in no treatment-related external, visceral, or skeletal fetal abnormalities, and no treatment-related maternal or pregnancy alterations were seen at and up to the maximum dose tested. CFE was not associated with any toxicity or adverse events.

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Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of ethanolic extract and fraction of alkaloids from bark of Aspidosperma nitidum in mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97637-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brígido ◽

Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela ◽

Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes ◽

Mirian Letícia Carmo Bastos ◽

Andre de Oliveira Feitosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Groups ◽

Clinical Evaluations ◽

Subacute Toxicity ◽

Alkaloid Fraction ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

Clinical Changes ◽

Negative Controls

AbstractThis study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of the ethanolic extract (EE) and alkaloid fraction (FA) from A. nitidum. The EE was obtained from trunk bark with ethanol, FA was obtained from the fractionation of EE. To test the acute toxicity, mice were divided into four groups, and the negative controls received water or aqueous solution of dimethyl sulfoxide, whereas the others received EE or FA (2000 mg/kg, orally, single dose). The same controls were used in the subacute trial. However, the animals were treated for 28 days, and the dose used was 1000 mg/kg per day of EE and FA. Daily clinical evaluations of the animals were performed. At the end of the experiment, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological assessments (liver, lung, heart, and kidney) were performed. In the acute and subacute toxicity studies, mice treated with EE and FA did not show any clinical changes, there were no changes in weight gain, hematological and biochemical parameters compared to the control groups (p > 0.05). In the histopathological examination, there was no abnormality in the organs of the treated animals. Therefore, EE and FA did not produce toxic effects in mice after acute and subacute treatment.

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Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) Modulates TCD4+ and TCD8+ Cell Profile of Doxorubicin-Induced Immuno-Suppressed Rats

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.501 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (22) ◽

pp. 3774-3776

Author(s):

Mustafa Ridwan Lubis ◽

Reny Haryani ◽

Safriana Safriana ◽

Denny Satria

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Once Daily ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Cell Profile ◽

Group 1

AIM: To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of ethanolic extract of herb pugun tanoh on TCD4 and TCD8 cells in Doxorubicin-induced rats. METHODS: Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups consisting of six rats each as follows: Group 1, DOX-treated rats (4.67 mg/kg BW body weight on day 1 and 4) and were administered normal saline 0.9% orally once daily for 7 consecutive days, Group 2, receiving Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) of dose 150 mg/kg BW orally, Group 3, receiving dose Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) 300 mg/kg BW orally. The rats of group 2-3 were intramuscularly administered with doxorubicin at a dose of 4.67 mg/kg BW at the days 1-4 to suppress immune functions. RESULTS: Treatment of 300 mg/kg BW of Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) succeeded in reducing side effect doxorubicin based on increasing the TCD4+ and TCD8+ blood level. CONCLUSION: Ethanolic Extract of Herb Pugun Tanoh (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) could increase the level of TCD4+ and TCD8+ in rats which induced by doxorubicin.

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Biochemical and toxicological effects of methanolic extract of Asparagus africanus Lam in Sprague-Dawley rats

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9138 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9138

Author(s):

Abubakar El-Ishaq ◽

Mohammed A. Alshawsh ◽

Kein Seong Mun ◽

Zamri Chik

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Group I ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Body Weights ◽

Histopathology Result ◽

Scanty Information

Asparagus africanus Lam. is a plant used traditionally to treat different ailments. Currently, scanty information is available on its safety. The aim of this study is to determine the acute toxicity of the methanolic extract on vital organs and its associated biochemical parameters. Fifteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as normal control, groups II, III, IV, and V were orally administered single dose of crude extract dissolved in distilled water at 5 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW and 2,000 mg/kg BW. Rats were observed for 14 days and body weights were recorded. On day 15, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and haematological analyses, while the liver and kidneys were sampled for histopathological examination. Body weight and haematology parameters results showed significance difference (p < 0.05) among means of HGB, RDW, RBC, and MCHC; likewise, (p < 0.001) for WBC and platelet among treated groups. Histopathology result showed that kidneys appeared normal while livers were congested with mildly swollen hepatocytes and occasional binucleation. Focal lobular hepatitis was observed in all treated animals. However, hepatic enzymes were not significantly affected and no histopathological harmful effects were observed in kidney. In conclusion, methanolic extracts of A. africanus are safe up to 2,000 mg/kg BW. The obtained results could be used as a justification for the traditional application of the plant for treatment of various ailments.

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Toxicological assessment of highly mentholated reduced-risk tobacco products in Sprague Dawley rats following sub-chronic inhalation exposure

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00731-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 350 ◽

pp. S211

Author(s):

J. Ho ◽

A. Oviedo ◽

L. Patrice ◽

L. Garcia ◽

S. Lebrun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Reduced Risk

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Potency of Murraya koenigii Leaves as Anti-Cancer Mammary in 7,12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) induced-Sprague Dawley Rats

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015101058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 01058

Author(s):

Siti Aisyah ◽

Ekowati Handharyani ◽

Nurliani Bermawie ◽

Agus Setiyono

Keyword(s):

Mammary Tumor ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Female Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Murraya Koenigii ◽

Sprague Dawley Rat ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

The purpose of the research was to study the potency of Murraya koenigii leaves extract to overcome the mammary tumor in Sprague Dawley rat. Thirty-five female rats were divided into seven groups: control (P1), tumor without therapy (P2), methotrexate group (P3), curative groups (P4 and P5) were given extract after the tumor was formed, and preventive groups (P6 and P7) were given extract before the tumor was formed with dose of 300 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The induction of mammary tumor in rats were carried out using 7,12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) subcutaneously. Bodyweight and tumor size were measured every week for 4 weeks. At the end of treatment, rats were euthanized and mammary glands were collected for histopathological examination. The result showed tumor size in P2 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in other groups. On the other hand, tumor size in P4 and P6 were significantly smaller (p<0.05) compared to P5 and P7. Histopathological changes showed PMN cells, 1-3 layers of cuboid epithelial and solid collagen fibers proliferation in P2, while in P3 to P7 showed moderate collagen fibers proliferation. In conclusion, the administration of the extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg can decelerate tumor development in Sprague Dawley rat mammary gland.

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