scholarly journals Polysiphonia japonica Extract Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Toxicity and Enhances Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Beta-Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon-Heui Cha ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
Yongha Hwang ◽  
You-Jin Jeon ◽  
Hee-Sook Jun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Red Seaweed

Beta-cell loss is a major cause of the pathogenesis of diabetes. Elevated levels of free fatty acids may contribute to the loss of β-cells. Using a transgenic zebrafish, we screened ~50 seaweed crude extracts to identify materials that protect β-cells from free fatty acid damage. We found that an extract of the red seaweed Polysiphonia japonica (PJE) had a β-cell protective effect. We examined the protective effect of PJE on palmitate-induced damage in β-cells. PJE was found to preserve cell viability and glucose-induced insulin secretion in a pancreatic β-cell line, Ins-1, treated with palmitate. Additionally, PJE prevented palmitate-induced insulin secretion dysfunction in zebrafish embryos and mouse primary islets and improved insulin secretion in β-cells against palmitate treatment. These findings suggest that PJE protects pancreatic β-cells from palmitate-induced damage. PJE may be a potential therapeutic functional food for diabetes.

scholarly journals Salmonids as Natural Functional Food Rich in Omega-3 PUFA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2409
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kolanowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Fish Fillets ◽  
Food Market

Salmonids are valuable fish in the human diet due to their high content of bioactive omega-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC PUFA). The aim of this study was to assess the omega-3 VLC PUFA content in selected salmonid fish present on the food market regarding whether they were farm-raised or wild. It was assumed that farm-raised fish, by eating well-balanced feed enriched with omega-3 PUFA, might contain omega-3 VLC PUFA in levels similar to that of wild fish. Fat content, fatty acid composition and omega-3 VLC PUFA content in fish fillets were measured. Farm-raised salmon from Norway, wild Baltic salmon, farm-raised rainbow trout and brown trout were bought from a food market whereas wild trout (rainbow and brown) were caught alive. The fat content in fish ranged from 3.3 to 8.0 g/100 g of fillet. It was confirmed that although wild salmonid fish contain 10–25% more omega-3 VLC PUFA in lipid fraction, the farm-raised ones, due to the 60–100% higher fat content, are an equally rich source of these desirable fatty acids in the human diet. One serving (130 g) of salmonid fish fillets might provide a significant dose of omega-3 VLC PUFA, from 1.2 to 2.5 g. Thus, due to very high content of bioactive fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in their meat, salmonid fish currently present on the food market, both sea and freshwater as well as wild and farm-raised, should be considered as natural functional food.

scholarly journals Prevention of diabetes in the BB rat by essential fatty acid deficiency. Relationship between physiological and biochemical changes.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lefkowith ◽  
G Schreiner ◽  
J Cormier ◽  
E S Handler ◽  
H K Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Spontaneous Diabetes ◽  
Bb Rat ◽  
Deficiency State ◽  
Bb Rats

Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency exerts a striking protective effect in several animal models of autoimmune disease. We now report that EFA deprivation prevents diabetes in the BB rat, an animal model of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In diabetes-prone (DP)-BB rats, the incidences of spontaneous diabetes and insulitis (the pathological substrate of autoimmune diabetes) were greatly reduced by EFA deficiency. This beneficial effect of the deficiency state was also seen in diabetes-resistant (DR)-BB rats that, after treatment with antibody to eliminate RT6+ T cells, would otherwise have become diabetic. The susceptibility of EFA-deprived DP-BB rats to spontaneous diabetes was restored when they were given dietary supplements of linoleate at 70 d of age (during the usual period of susceptibility), but not when they were repleted beginning at 120 d (after the peak incidence of diabetes). EFA deficiency did lead to growth retardation, but calorically restricted control rats demonstrated that the protective effect of the deficiency state was not a function of decreased weight. To examine the relationship between the biochemical changes of EFA deficiency and its physiological effects in this system, we compared the fatty acid changes that occurred in EFA-deficient animals that did and did not develop diabetes. Nondiabetic animals had significantly lower levels of (n-6) fatty acids (i.e., linoleate and arachidonate) and higher levels of oleate, an (n-9) fatty acid, than did diabetic animals. Levels of 20:3(n-9), the fatty acid that uniquely characterizes EFA deficiency, were similar in both groups, however. Among diabetic EFA-deficient rats, the age at onset of diabetes was found to correlate inversely with the level of (n-6) fatty acids, the least depleted animals becoming diabetic earliest, whereas there was no correlation with levels of 20:3(n-9). Among animals repleted with linoleate beginning at 70 d, restoration of susceptibility to diabetes correlated with normalization of the level of arachidonate. In summary, EFA deprivation reduced the frequency of diabetes in both DP and RT6-depleted DR-BB rats. This protective effect was strongly associated with depletion of (n-6) fatty acids, particularly arachidonate, but not with accumulation of the abnormal 20:3(n-9). Conjecturally, arachidonate and/or a metabolite may play a key role in mediating inflammatory injury in this animal model of autoimmune diabetes.

scholarly journals Increased Glucose Metabolism and Glycerolipid Formation by Fatty Acids and GPR40 Receptor Signaling Underlies the Fatty Acid Potentiation of Insulin Secretion

2014 ◽  
Vol 289 (19) ◽  
pp. 13575-13588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud El-Azzouny ◽  
Charles R. Evans ◽  
Mary K. Treutelaar ◽  
Robert T. Kennedy ◽  
Charles F. Burant
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Receptor Signaling

scholarly journals Poultry meat production as a functional food with a voluntary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schneideroá ◽  
J. Zelenka ◽  
E. Mrkvicová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

We studied the effect of different levels of linseed oils made either of the flax cultivar Atalante with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid (612 g/kg) or of the cultivar Lola with a predominating content of linoleic acid (708 g/kg) in a chicken diet upon the fatty acid pattern in meat. Cockerels Ross 308 were fed the diets containing 1, 3, 5 or 7 per cent of oil in the last 15 days of fattening. Breast meat (BM) and thigh meat (TM) without skin of 8 chickens from each dietary group were used for analyses. The relative proportions of fatty acids were expressed as percentages of total determined fatty acids. When feeding Atalante oil, the proportions of n-6 fatty acids were highly significantly lower while those of n-3 fatty acids were higher; the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat was narrower (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than in chickens fed oil with a low content of &alpha;-linolenic acid. In BM and TM, the relative proportions of &alpha;-linolenic and &gamma;-linolenic acids were nearly the same, the proportion of linoleic acid in BM was lower, and the proportions of the other polyunsaturated fatty acids in BM were higher than in TM. In BM, the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) more favourable than that found in TM. The relative proportions of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in meat decreased and those of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in dependence on the increasing level of dietary oils. When feeding Atalante oil, a significant increase in the proportion of linoleic acid in BM but not in TM was observed. The proportions of the other n-6 fatty acids decreased and those of all determined n-3 fatty acids, with the exception of docosahexaenoic acid, significantly increased with the increasing level of oil in the diet. When feeding Lola oil, its increasing content in the diet increased the relative proportion of linoleic acid as well as its elongation to &gamma;-linolenic acid; however, the proportions of arachidonic and adrenic acid did not change significantly (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The proportion of &alpha;-linolenic acid increased in both BM and TM. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic and clupanodonic acids in BM significantly decreased. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 0.9 to 13.6 and from 1.0 to 17.2 in BM and TM, respectively. An increase in the level of Lola oil in the diet by 1% caused that the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio extended by 1.00 and 1.19 units in BM and TM, respectively. Dependences of n-6/n-3 ratio on the level of Atalante oil were expressed by equations of convex parabolas with minima at the level of oil 5.8 and 5.9% for BM and TM, respectively. By means of the inclusion of linseed oil with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid in the feed mixture it would be possible to produce poultry meat as a functional food with a very narrow ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Effect of fatty acids on insulin release: role of chain length and degree of unsaturation

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. E635-E639 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Opara ◽  
M. Garfinkel ◽  
V. S. Hubbard ◽  
W. M. Burch ◽  
O. E. Akwari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Basal Insulin Secretion

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role played by structural differences among fatty acids in their effect on insulin secretion by isolated perifused murine islets. Insulin secretion measured by radioimmunoassay was assessed either as total insulin output (ng.6 islets-1.20 min-1) or as percent of basal insulin secretion. Raising the glucose concentration from a basal 5.5 to 27.7 mM caused an increase of insulin output from 6.69 +/- 1.59 to 19.92 +/- 4.99 ng.6 islets-1.20 min-1 (P < 0.05) in control (untreated) islets. However, after 20-min exposure of islets to 5 mM 16:0 or 18:2, the effect of 27.7 mM glucose was enhanced or diminished, respectively. Basal insulin output (100% basal) changed to 44 +/- 10% basal (P < 0.005) with the addition of 5 mM 4:0 but was not altered when 4:0 was replaced by 6:0. Insulin output increased modestly with 5 mM 8:0 but significantly (P < 0.05) with 10:0 until a maximal of 280 +/- 24% basal with 12:0 (P < 0.01), then fell to 110 +/- 18 and 93 +/- 15% basal (P < 0.05) with 14:0 and 16:0, respectively. The addition of 5 mM 18:0 inhibited insulin secretion to 30 +/- 10% of basal (P < 0.003), and this effect was not caused by fatty acid interference with insulin assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Mechanism, temporal patterns, and magnitudes of the metabolic responses to the KATP channel agonist diazoxide

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. E80-E85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi Raju ◽  
Philip E. Cryer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
C Peptide

To assess the mechanism, temporal patterns, and magnitudes of the metabolic responses to the ATP-dependent potassium channel agonist diazoxide, neuroendocrine and metabolic responses to intravenous diazoxide (saline, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) and oral diazoxide (placebo, 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg) were assessed in healthy young adults. Intravenous diazoxide produced rapid, but transient, decrements ( P = 0.0023) in plasma insulin (e.g., nadirs of 2.8 ± 0.5 and 1.8 ± 0.3 μU/ml compared with 7.0 ± 1.0 μU/ml after saline at 4.0–7.5 min) and C-peptide ( P = 0.0228) associated with dose-related increments in plasma glucose ( P = 0.0044) and serum nonesterified fatty acids ( P < 0.0001). After oral diazoxide, plasma insulin appeared to decline, as did C-peptide, again associated with dose-related increments in plasma glucose ( P < 0.0001) and serum nonesterified fatty acids ( P = 0.0141). Plasma glucagon, as well as cortisol and growth hormone, was not altered. Plasma epinephrine increased ( P = 0.0215) slightly only after intravenous diazoxide. There were dose-related increments in plasma norepinephrine ( P = 0.0038 and P = 0.0005, respectively), undoubtedly reflecting a compensatory sympathetic neural response to vasodilation produced by diazoxide, but these would not raise plasma glucose or serum nonesterified fatty acid levels. Thus selective suppression of insulin secretion, without stimulation of glucagon secretion, raised plasma glucose and serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. These findings define the temporal patterns and magnitudes of the metabolic responses to diazoxide and underscore the primacy of regulated insulin secretion in the physiological regulation of postabsorptive carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Characteristics of catfish oil, red palm oil and shark liver oil as functional foods

DEPIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Ulil Amri ◽  
Andarini Diharmi ◽  
Mery Sukmiwati
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Catfish Oil

Functional food is a food ingredient in addition to basic needs as nutrients that can also play a functional role in health. This research aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of catfish oil, red palm oil, and shark liver oil as functional food ingredients. The research method was to extract fish oil from belly flap, purify catfish oil, and process red palm oil (RPO) from crude palm oil (CPO). The analysis parameters consisted of sensory analysis, oil chemical characteristics (free fatty acid analysis, peroxide, iodine, saponification, and acid numbers), total carotene, tocopherol, and analysis of fatty acid composition. The results showed that the catfish oil after being purified had sensory characteristics, smelled slightly fishy and semi-solid, and had a bright yellow color. The results of the analysis of chemical characteristics showed that the free fatty acid numbers of catfish oil and shark liver oil were following IFOS standards (1.33 and 0.62%), and the RPO numbers for peroxide and free fatty acids according to the SNI standards (9.56 meq kg and 1.44%). The highest ω-3 and ω- 6 fatty acids were in shark liver oil (3.56 and 35.35%), followed by catfish oil (1.72 and 19.9%). and RPO does not contain ω-3 and ω-6. Catfish oil, RPO, and shark liver oil act as functional foods. The fatty acid composition of catfish, shark liver and red palm oil contains saturated and the fatty acid composition of catfish, shark liver and red palm oil contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Mono and poly unsaturated fatty acid (FUFA anf MUFA) in crude catfish oil, pure catfish oil, shark liver oil, and red palm oils were 56.71, 58.12, 63.81 and 47.39% respectively. The result of analysis showed composition of in catfish oil 1.72 and 19.9 %. The content of and of shark liver oil was 3.5 and 35.5%.  Whereas in red palm oil does not Ω 3 and Ω 6. The content of EPA and DHA in shark liver oil was 0.08, 0.09 but not in catfish and red palm oil. The total content of carotene and tocopherol in red palm oil was 513.86 and 925.80 mg/kg, respectively. The nutritional composition of catfish oil, red palm oil, and shark liver oil has the potential to be used as functional food. Keywords:Characteristic physicochemicalCaroteneTocopherolω-3ω-6

scholarly journals Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in INS1E cells: effects on cell metabolism and insulin secretion

2002 ◽  
Vol 364 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca RUBÍ ◽  
Peter A. ANTINOZZI ◽  
Laura HERRERO ◽  
Hisamitsu ISHIHARA ◽  
Guillermina ASINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I ◽  
Cpt I

Lipid metabolism in the β-cell is critical for the regulation of insulin secretion. Pancreatic β-cells chronically exposed to fatty acids show higher carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) protein levels, higher palmitate oxidation rates and an altered insulin response to glucose. We examined the effect of increasing CPT I levels on insulin secretion in cultured β-cells. We prepared a recombinant adenovirus containing the cDNA for the rat liver isoform of CPT I. The overexpression of CPT I in INS1E cells caused a more than a 5-fold increase in the levels of CPT I protein (detected by Western blotting), a 6-fold increase in the CPT activity, and an increase in fatty acid oxidation at 2.5mM glucose (1.7-fold) and 15mM glucose (3.1-fold). Insulin secretion was stimulated in control cells by 15mM glucose or 30mM KCl. INS1E cells overexpressing CPT I showed lower insulin secretion on stimulation with 15mM glucose (−40%; P<0.05). This decrease depended on CPT I activity, since the presence of etomoxir, a specific inhibitor of CPT I, in the preincubation medium normalized the CPT I activity, the fatty-acid oxidation rate and the insulin secretion in response to glucose. Exogenous palmitate (0.25mM) rescued glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in CPT I-overexpressing cells, indicating that the mechanism of impaired GSIS was through the depletion of a critical lipid. Depolarizing the cells with KCl or intermediary glucose concentrations (7.5mM) elicited similar insulin secretion in control cells and cells overexpressing CPT I. Glucose-induced ATP increase, glucose metabolism and the triacylglycerol content remained unchanged. These results provide further evidence that CPT I activity regulates insulin secretion in the β-cell. They also indicate that up-regulation of CPT I contributes to the loss of response to high glucose in β-cells exposed to fatty acids.

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