scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Different Solvents for Azolla pinnata Extracts on Chemical Compositions and Larvicidal Activity against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Ravi ◽  
Nor Shaida Husna Zulkrnin ◽  
Nurul Nadiah Rozhan ◽  
Nik Raihan Nik Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Limited success for Aedes control program has impelled the necessities for new insecticide search. Hence, alternative plant compounds may be competent to overcome the pesticide resistance problem and to lead a chemical-free environment. Following go-green conceptions, larvicidal effects of the Azolla pinnata extracts using methanol and acetone solvent against Aedes albopictus late 3rd instar larvae were evaluated. The A. pinnata fresh plant from Kuala Krai, Kelantan, Malaysia (5° 31′ N 102° 12′ E) was used for crude extraction with Soxhlet apparatus using methanol and acetone solvents. Next, larvicidal test following WHO guidelines was tested against late 3rd instar to early 4th instar larvae of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Meanwhile, the chemical composition of extracts and their structures have been identified using GCMS-QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu) fitted with Rtx-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm inner diameter, ×0.25 μm film thickness; maximum temperature, 370°C), coupled to QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu) MS. Results of methanol solvent showed the highest larvicidal activity against late 3rd instar to early 4th instar Ae. albopictus larvae with LC50 and LC95 values of 867 ppm and 1293 ppm at 24 hours, respectively, and 647 ppm and 972 ppm at 48 hours, respectively. Meanwhile, acetone solvent compounds were recorded with LC50 and LC95 values of 1072 ppm and 1302 ppm at 24 hours, respectively, and 904 ppm and 1126 ppm at 48 hours, respectively. Finally, the chemical composition of A. pinnata plant extracts has been characterized for 35 active compounds from methanol solvent and 37 active compounds with acetone solvent. In conclusion, A. pinnata plant bioactive molecules are efficient and could be developed as an eco-friendly, “go-green” approach for mosquitoes' larvicidal control programs. Thus, our study suggests that future research can be conducted on A. pinnata bioactive ingredients against Ae. albopictus larvae in small-scale field trials as botanical insecticide for environmentally friendly approach.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity of Flower Extracts from Clitoria ternatea against Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Darvin R. Ravindran ◽  
Madhuri Bharathithasan ◽  
Patmani Ramaiah ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Dinesh Rajendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Aedes Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea

Mosquitoes have always been a human health threat; the major global health problems caused by them are malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and Zika as well as several other vector-borne outbreaks. The major problems in controlling these vectors borne diseases are related to resistance to eradication measures. Different classes of insecticides used for controlling public health have raised the concern of resistant problems with mosquitoes and environmental pollution caused by the control measures. Thus, a search for alternative natural compounds is necessary for solving the insecticidal resistance problem using pesticides in the larval stage of vector development as well as creating a chemical-free environment for a healthy society. Hence, the major focus of this study is to identify the larvicidal mechanisms, metabolite, antioxidants, and chemical compounds and elucidate their structures from C. ternatea flower and to test their efficacies against early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Clitoria ternatea flowers were collected from the garden of the Faculty of Medicine in International Quest University, Ipoh, Perak, and thence used for crude extraction. Further on, the metabolite test, antioxidant test, and chromatography techniques were conducted to identify the chemical composition of extracts and their chemical structures were identified using GCMS-QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu). Next, the extracts were evaluated against the early 4th instar larvae of Aedes mosquito vectors following the WHO procedures for larval bioassays. The larvicidal activity of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts evidently affected the early 4th instar larvae of Aedes mosquito vectors. The highest larvicidal activity was observed against the early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with the LC50 and LC95 values of 1056 and 2491 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the larvae bioassay test for Aedes albopictus recorded the LC50 and LC95 values of 1425 and 2753 mg/L. Moreover, the results for nontarget organism test on guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata, showed no mortalities with flower extracts at 2500 mg/L, hence posing no toxic effects on fish. In this study, we have found a total of 16 chemical compounds and 6 chemical compounds have been reported to possess direct insecticidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal effects. Six chemicals with insecticidal properties were found to be glycerin, 2-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone, neophytadiene, n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, and octadecanoic acid with a total of 28.7% efficacy. Clitoria ternatea flower extracts also showed different types of phenols such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and tannins. Our findings showed that the crude extract of Clitoria ternatea flower bioactive molecules is effective and may be developed as biolarvicide for Aedes mosquito vector control. Furthermore, this study also provided a baseline understanding for future research work in the field of applications of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts for their long-term effects on human health such as a food additive, antioxidant, and cosmetic.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Aedes mosquitoes of flower extracts from Clitoria Ternatea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darvin R. Ravindran ◽  
Madhuri Bharathithasan ◽  
Patmani Ramaiah ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Dinesh Rajendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Chemical Structures

AbstractBackgroundMosquito is a human health tread nowadays, the major health problems caused by them are malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, zika as well as several other outbreaks. The major problem in controlling dengue vectors are the resistant problems. Different classes of insecticides used for public have raised the concern of resistant problem with mosquitoes and environmental pollution. Thus, alternative chemical compounds search is necessary to be searched for overcoming the resistance problem of using pesticides in vectors and the chemical free environment respectively. Thus, to solve these problems, purpose of this study is to identify the larvicidal mechanism, metabolite, antioxidant, chemical compounds and its structure from C. ternatea flower and to test its efficacies against early 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Ae albopictus.MethodsClitoria ternatea flowers were collected from the Garden of the Faculty of Medicine in International Quest University, Ipoh, Perak and used for crude extraction. Then, the metabolite test, antioxidant test, chromatography techniques were conducted to identify chemical composition of extracts and their chemical structures were identified using GCMS-QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu). Next, following WHO procedures for larval bioassays, the extracts were used to evaluate against early 4th instar larvae of Aedes mosquito vectors.ResultsThe larvicidal activity of Clitoria ternatea flowers extracts evidently affected the early 4th instar larvae of Aedes mosquito vectors. The highest larvicidal activity was observed against early 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti with the LC50 and LC95 values of 1056 and 2491 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile larvae bioassay test for Ae.albopictus recorded with the LC50 and LC95 values of 1425 and 2753 mg/L. Moreover, the results for non target organism test on Guppy fish, Poecilia reticulate showed no mortalities with flower extracts at 2500 mg/L and posses no toxic effects on fish. In this study, total of 16 chemical compounds and 6 chemical compounds have been reported to posse’s direct effects on insecticidal, larvicidal and pupicidal effects. Namely 6 chemicals used for insecticidal properties were Glycerin, 2-Hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone, Neophytadiene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, cis-Vaccenic acid, and Octadecanoic acid with total of 28.7%. Clitoria ternatea flower extracts also showed different types of phenols such as anthocyanin, flavonoid and tannin.ConclusionsOur findings showed that crude extract of Clitoria ternatea flower bioactive molecules to be effective and may be developed as biolarvicides for Aedes mosquito vector control. Furthermore, this study also provided a baseline understanding for future research work on the field applications of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts which could be tested for its long term effects on other non target organisms, including human health.

Larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Youngia japonica aerial parts and its constituents against Aedes albopictus

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chao Liu ◽  
Qiyong Liu ◽  
Xu Bo Chen ◽  
Qi Zhi Liu ◽  
Zhi Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Oil Gas

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Youngia japonica aerial parts against the larvae of Aedes albopictus and to isolate any active compounds from the oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed the presence of 31 compounds, with menthol (23.53%), α-asarone (21.54%), 1,8-cineole (5.36%), and caryophyllene (4.45%) as the major constituents. Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of the oil led to the isolation of menthol and α-asarone as active compounds. The essential oil of Y. japonica exhibited larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of A. albopictus with an LC50 value of 32.45 μg/mL. α-Asarone and menthol possessed larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of A. albopictus with LC50 values of 24.56 μg/mL and 77.97 μg/mL, respectively. The results indicate that the essential oil of Y. japonica aerial parts and the two constituents can be potential sources of natural larvicides.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Palm Leaf Extracts from Babaçu (Attalea speciosa), Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), and Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Idalina Torcato de Oliveira ◽  
Talal Suleiman Mahmoud ◽  
Guilherme Nobre L. do Nascimento ◽  
Juliana Fonseca Moreira da Silva ◽  
Raphael Sanzio Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Potential ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Palm Leaf

Babaçu (A. speciosa), Buriti (M. flexuosa), and Macaúba (A. aculeata) are palm trees typical of the ecotone area between Cerrado and the Amazon rainforest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the extracts prepared from the leaves of those palms as well as determine their chemical compositions. The ethanol extracts were prepared in a Soxhlet apparatus and tested by disk diffusion and agar dilution technique againstStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Candida albicans, andCandida parapsilosis.However, there was no significant activity at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mg·Ml−1. Moreover, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, catechins, steroids, triterpenes, and saponins. Gas chromatography (GC/MS) analysis also identified organic acids, such as capric (decanoic) acid, lauric (dodecanoic) acid, myristic (tetradecanoic) acid, phthalic (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic) acid, palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid, stearic (octadecanoic) acid, linoleic (9,12-octadecadienoic) acid (omega-6), linolenic (octadecatrienoic) acid (omega-3), and the terpenes citronellol and phytol. Based on the chemical composition in the palm leaf extracts, the palms have the potential to be useful in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Analysis of chemical compositions and larvicidal activity of nut extracts from Areca catechu Linn against Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260281
Author(s):  
Madhuri Bharathithasan ◽  
Darvin R. Ravindran ◽  
Dinesh Rajendran ◽  
Sim Ka Chun ◽  
S. A. Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Areca Catechu

Background There is a growing need to use green alternative larvicidal control for Aedes larvae compared to chemical insecticides. Substantial reliance on chemical insecticides caused insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Thus, research for alternate chemical compounds from natural products is necessary to control Aedes larvae. This study explores the analysis of chemical compositions from Areca catechu nut as a potential larvicide for Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae). Methods The Areca catechu nut collected from Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia was grounded into powder and used for Soxhlet extraction. The chemical analysis of the extracts and their structures were identified using the GCMS-QP2010 Ultra (Shimadzu) system. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Chemistry WebBook, Standard Reference Database 69 (https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/) and PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), the two databases used to retrieve the synonyms, molecular formula, molecular weight, and 2-dimensional (2D) structure of chemical compounds. Next, following WHO procedures for larval bioassays, the extracts were used to asses larvicidal activity against early 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Results The larvicidal activities were observed against early 4th stage larvae with different concentrations in the range from 200 mg/L to 1600 mg/L. The LC50 and LC95 of Aedes aegypti were 621 mg/L and 2264 mg/L respectively; whereas the LC50 and LC95 of Aedes albopictus were 636 mg/L and 2268 mg/L respectively. Mortality was not observed in the non-target organism test. The analysis using gas chromatography and mass spectrometer recovered several chemical compounds such as Arecaidine, Dodecanoic acid, Methyl tetradecanoate, Tetradecanoic acid <n->, and n-Hexadecanoic acid bioactive components. These chemical constituents were used as additive formulations in pesticides, pest control, insect repellent, and insecticidal agents. Conclusions Our study showed significant outcomes from the extract of Areca catechu nut and it deserves further investigation in relation to chemical components and larvicidal actions between different species of Aedes mosquitoes. Even though all these findings are fundamental, it may have some interesting potentials to be developed as natural bio-larvicidal products.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Zanthoxylum avicennae Essential Oil and its Larvicidal Activity on Aedes albopictus Skuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chao Liu ◽  
Qi Yong Liu ◽  
Ligang Zhou ◽  
Quan Ru Liu ◽  
Zhi Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus

scholarly journals Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils from Zingiber montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex. A. Dietr. against three mosquito vectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le T Huong ◽  
◽  
Trinh T Huong ◽  
Nguyen TT Huong ◽  
Nguyen H Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Significant Mortality

The chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oils derived from the leaves and rhizomes of Zingiber montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex. A. Dietr. were reported. The main compounds in the leaf oil were -pinene (13.8%), -phellandrene (11.3%) and -pinene (7.3%) while the rhizome oil was dominated by sabinene (41.1%), terpinen-4-ol (22.7%) and (E)-nerolidol (14.3%). The minimum lethal concentration (larvicidal activity) LC50 of the rhizome oil at 24 h against Aedes albopictus was 35.17 μg/mL, while LC50 values of 32.20 μg/mL and 31.12 μg/mL were obtained against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus respectively. At 48 h the oil displayed larvicidal action with LC50 values of 23.18 μg/mL, 25.58 μg/mL and 18.99 μg/mL respectively towards Ae. albopictus, Ae. Aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The leaf oil did not exhibit significant mortality and larvicidal action. The results indicate the potential of rhizome essential oil of Z. montanum as a source of larvicidal agent.

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