scholarly journals Toward Improving Medication Adherence: The Suppression of Bitter Taste in Edible Taste Films

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvy Cherian ◽  
Brian Sang Lee ◽  
Robin M. Tucker ◽  
Kevin Lee ◽  
Gregory Smutzer
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Taste Stimulus ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
Masking Agents ◽  
Psychophysical Tests ◽  
Related Compounds

Bitter taste is aversive to humans, and many oral medications exhibit a bitter taste. Bitter taste can be suppressed by the use of inhibitors or by masking agents such as sucralose. Another approach is to encapsulate bitter tasting compounds in order to delay their release. This delayed release can permit the prior release of bitter masking agents. Suppression of bitter taste was accomplished by encapsulating a bitter taste stimulus in erodible stearic acid microspheres, and embedding these 5 µmeter diameter microspheres in pullulan films that contain sucralose and peppermint oil as masking agents, along with an encapsulated masking agent (sucralose). Psychophysical tests demonstrated that films which encapsulated both quinine and sucralose produced a significant and continuous sweet percept when compared to films without sucralose microspheres. Films with both quinine and sucralose microspheres also produced positive hedonic scores that did not differ from control films that contained only sucralose microspheres or only empty (blank) microspheres. The encapsulation of bitter taste stimuli in lipid microspheres, and embedding these microspheres in rapidly dissolving edible taste films that contain masking agents in both the film base and in microspheres, is a promising approach for diminishing the bitter taste of drugs and related compounds.

Trp-Trp acts as a multi-functional blocker for human bitter taste receptors, hTAS2R14, hTAS2R16, hTAS2R43, and hTAS2R46

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichie Ojiro ◽  
Hiromi Nishio ◽  
Toyomi Yamazaki-Ito ◽  
Shogo Nakano ◽  
Sohei Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Functional Characteristic ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Masking Agents ◽  
Bitter Taste Receptors ◽  
Bitterness Masking

Abstract Many functional food ingredients activate human bitter taste receptors (hTAS2Rs). In this study, A novel inhibitor, Trp-Trp, for hTAS2R14 was identified by searching for the agonist peptide's analogs. Trp-Trp also inhibited hTAS2R16, hTAS2R43, and hTAS2R46, which share the same agonists with hTAS2R14. The multi-functional characteristic of Trp-Trp is advantageous for use as bitterness-masking agents in functional foods.

scholarly journals Interventions to Promote Oral Medication Adherence in the Pediatric Chronic Illness Population: A Systematic Review From the Children’s Oncology Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Coyne ◽  
Katherine A. Trimble ◽  
Ashley Lloyd ◽  
Laura Petrando ◽  
Jennie Pentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Oral Medication ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
Increased Risk

Pediatric oncology protocols frequently include multiple oral medications administered at varied dosing schedules, often for prolonged periods of time. Nonadherence to protocol-directed oral medications may place patients at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the existing body of evidence to determine best-practice recommendations regarding interventions for oral medication adherence in children and adolescents with cancer. Twenty-four articles were systematically reviewed and evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria; 2 studies focused on the pediatric oncology population, and the remaining 22 studies focused on other chronic illnesses of childhood. A variety of interventions to increase oral medication adherence in children were identified, including pill swallowing, technology, incentivization, education-based intervention, psychosocial support-based intervention, and combination intervention. Most interventions were shown to have some benefit in pediatrics, most in the non-oncology setting. The overall synthesis of the literature indicates that nonadherence to oral medications is a prevalent problem in pediatrics, and much work is needed to address this problem, particularly in pediatric oncology.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Taste Masked Granular Formulation of Satranidazole by Melt Granulation Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshal Ashok Pawar ◽  
Pooja Rasiklal Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Taste Evaluation

Drugs from nitroimidazole category are generally bitter in taste. Oral formulation with bitter taste is not palatable. Geriatrics and pediatrics patients usually suffer from swallowing difficulties. Many other patients in some disease conditions avoid swallowing tablets. Satranidazole is a new nitro-imidazole derivative with bitter taste and is available in market as film coated tablet. The purpose of this research was to mask the bitter taste of Satranidazole by coating complexation with low melting point wax and Eudragit EPO. Different types of wax (glyceryl monostearate, stearic acid and cetyl alcohol) were tried for taste masking. The drug to stearic acid ratio 1 : 2 was found to be optimum on the basis of taste evaluation and in vitro release. The formulated granules were found to possess good flow property. FTIR studies confirmed that there was no interaction between drug and excipients. Scanning Electron Microscopy of drug and the optimized batch of granules was performed. The in vitro release of drug from granules was compared with marketed tablet formulation. The taste masked granules of optimized batch showed 87.65% release of drug in 1 hr which is comparable to that of marketed tablet formulation.

Sclerodin and related compounds from a plant disease causing fungus. Scleroderris yellow

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Ayer ◽  
Masayuki Kamada ◽  
Yu-Ting Ma
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Oleate ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Optical Purity ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Related Compounds

The metabolites of several strains of a fungus that gives rise to the disease of conifers known as Sirococcus shoot blight have been studied. The metabolites are similar to those isolated from Gremmeniellaabietina, the causative agent of Scleroderris canker of pine. Sclerodin (1), scleroderolide (2), and Scleroderris blue (3) have been isolated, along with the known lactone 4, trypethelone (6), and a new purple compound named scleroquinone (12). Another new compound, related to Scleroderris blue (3) and Scleroderris green (7); which we have named Scleroderris yellow, is shown to possess structure 8. The sclerodin (1) isolated in these studies is not optically pure, in some cases being nearly racemic. It is noted that the optical purity may be a function of the culture medium employed. Scleroderolide (2) strongly inhibits the germination of lettuce seeds. In addition to the metabolites noted, squalene, methyl oleate, stearic acid, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene-3-one, and ergosterol endoperoxide were also isolated from the cultures. Keywords: Sirococcus, phenalenones, Scleroderris yellow, scleroquinone, sclerodin.

Practical Approaches for Taste Masking of Bitter Drug: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gupta K. ◽  
Madaan S. ◽  
Dalal M. ◽  
Kumar A. ◽  
Mishra N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Oral Drugs ◽  
Masking Agents ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Taste is most important organoleptic aspects about the acceptance of oral drugs. Bitter and unpalatable taste is a major problem of certain drugs in formulations. In market, there are numbers of pharmaceutical preparations available in which actives are bitter in taste. The improved palatability in these products has prompted the development of numerous formulations, which improved performance and acceptability. The bitterness of preparation also leads to patient incompliance. So masking of bitterness becomes essential and done by masking the bitter taste of drugs by either decreasing its oral solubility on ingestion or decreasing the amount of drug particles exposed to taste buds thereby reducing the perception of bitter taste. Methods commonly used for taste masking involves various physical and chemical method that prevent the interaction of taste bud with drugs and are based on coatings, solid dispersion system and ion exchange resin, entrapment method and masking of taste buds etc. Taste masking of bitter drugs become necessity in case of oral administration and selection of technology depends upon the bitterness of drugs and their compatibility with taste masking agents that does not affect the bioavailability of drug

Understanding barriers to oral medication adherence in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Ashley Leak Bryant ◽  
Ya-Ning Chan ◽  
Jaime Richardson ◽  
Matthew Charles Foster ◽  
Debra Wujcik
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Oral Medication ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
Gift Cards ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Toxicity Risk

106 Background: AML is a disease of older adults (median age 67 years). Although standard AML treatment is intravenous (IV) chemotherapy, availability of oral anti-cancer medications has increased , providing benefits and risks to patients. Patients prefer their convenience, absence of IV infusions, potential for fewer clinic visits, and increased subjective feeling of control over their disease. Poor adherence can increase toxicity risk and compromise treatment effectiveness. We aim to identify barriers to adherence to oral medications in patients with AML and proposed solutions for improvements. Methods: Following IRB approval, patients with AML and their caregivers were recruited to participate in focus groups. An experienced moderator conducted the groups using an interview guide developed by AML experts. Participants received gift cards for their participation. Sessions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for thematic content using Dedoose qualitative software. Results: 11 patients (5 <65 years; 6 >65 years) and 4 caregivers participated in sessions lasting 60-75 minutes. Three central themes emerged: medication adherence challenges, managing an oral adherence plan, and strategies to improve oral adherence. Adherence challenges: number and size of pills, different directions, cost, availability, and side effects. An adherence plan was recommended: written schedules, take medications around meals, and use of pillboxes and alarms. Main sources of information: health care team and bottle directions. Recommendations for providing adherence assistance included better instructions, assistance with scheduling, making pills smaller, and consistency in packaging. Conclusions: Patients are an important source of insight into barriers and solutions to oral medication adherence. These responses were used to develop a survey to be administered to 100 patients with AML. Results will inform development of an intervention to improve oral medication adherence in the AML population.

scholarly journals Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PEG-2, -3, -4, -6, -8, -9, -12, -20, -32, -50, -75, -120, -150, and -175 Distearate’

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Mild Irritant ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Related Compounds

PEG Distearate compounds are the polyethylene glycol (PEG) diesters of Stearic Acid. They are manufactured by the esterification of Stearic Acid with a the number of moles of ethylene oxide corresponding to the average polyethylene glycol chain length desired. PEGs Distearate are used as emulsifying, cleansing, and solubilizing agents in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations. Not all of the polymer chain lengths covered in this assessment are currently reported to be used, but all are listed as cosmetic ingredients and may have been used in the past and could be used in the future. Very little toxicity data are available for the PEGs Distearate. Related compounds including PEGs, PEGs Stearate, Steareths, and Stearic Acid, have previously been reviewed. In general, PEGs have a low level of toxicity whether the exposure is oral or dermal. Minimal ocular irritation is seen with PEGs, PEGs Stearate, Steareths, and Stearic Acid. No evidence of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or reproductive and developmental toxicity of these related compounds was found. Based on clinical data in bum patients, PEGs were mild irritant/sensitizers and there was evidence of nephrotoxicity. Cosmetic manufacturers should continue to adjust product formulations to minimize any untoward effects when products are used on damaged skin. PEGs Stearate, Steareths, and Stearic Acid were not irritants, sensitizers, or phototoxins. Because of the possibility of residual ethylene oxide and/or 1,4-dioxane impurities in PEGs Distearate, cosmetic formulators are urged to continue efforts to remove these impurities before blending PEGs Distearate into cosmetic formulations. Although metabolites of ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers are reproductive and developmental toxins, it was considered unlikely that the relevant metabolites would be found in or produced from the use of PEGs Distearate in cosmetic formulations. Based on the available data on related compounds, and current industry practices in the use and manufacture of PEGs Distearate, it was concluded that PEG-2, -3, -4, -6, -8, -9, -12, -20, -32, -50, -75, -120, -150, and -175 Distearate are safe for use in cosmetic formulations under the present practices of use.

Masking the Taste of Rapeseed Meal in Dairy Compound Feeds

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 116-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Frederick ◽  
J.M. Forbes ◽  
C.L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Masking Agents ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Microbial Action ◽  
Rate Of Consumption

Oilseed rape meal is high in protein and available in the UK relatively cheaply. Toxic constituents limit its inclusion in feeds for pigs and poultry but this is not a problem with ruminant animals where microbial action in the rumen removes them. However, the bitter taste of rape meal has been thought to reduce its palatability for ruminant animals (Stedman and Hill, 1987) and it is recommended that its inclusion in compound feeds for cows should not exceed about 150kg/tonne; masking agents are incorporated to reduce this limitation.The question to be addressed can be summarized as “can higher rates of inclusion of rape meal in dairy compound feeds be concealed by more mask?”. Twelve dry cows in late pregnancy were offered feeds with various levels of rape meal in combination with several levels of mask and rate of consumption was monitored.

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