scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Native Parasitoids Associated with the Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) in Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Panzavolta ◽  
Francesco Croci ◽  
Matteo Bracalini ◽  
George Melika ◽  
Stefano Benedettelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Strong Fluctuation ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Indigenous Parasitoids

Native parasitoids may play an important role in biological control. They may either support or hinder the effectiveness of introduced nonnative parasitoids released for pest control purposes. Results of a three-year survey (2011–2013) of the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) populations and on parasitism rates by native indigenous parasitoids (a complex of chalcidoid hymenopterans) in Italian chestnut forests are given. Changes in D. kuriphilus gall size and phenology were observed through the three years of study. A total of 13 species of native parasitoids were recorded, accounting for fluctuating parasitism rates. This variability in parasitism rates over the three years was mainly due to the effect of Torymus flavipes (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), which in 2011 accounted for 75% of all parasitoid specimens yet decreased drastically in the following years. This strong fluctuation may be related to climatic conditions. Besides, our data verified that parasitoids do not choose host galls based on their size, though when they do parasitize smaller ones, they exploit them better. Consequently, ACGWs have higher chances of surviving parasitism if they are inside larger galls.

scholarly journals The open bar is closed: restructuration of a native parasitoid community following successful control of an invasive pest

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Muru ◽  
Nicolas Borowiec ◽  
Marcel Thaon ◽  
Nicolas Ris ◽  
Madalina I. Viciriuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Torymus Sinensis

AbstractThe rise of the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus in France has benefited the native community of parasitoids originally associated with oak gall wasps by becoming an additional trophic subsidy and therefore perturbing population dynamics of local parasitoids. However, the successful biological control of this pest has then led to significant decreases in its population densities. Here we investigate how the invasion of the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus in France and its subsequent control by the exotic parasitoid Torymus sinensis has impacted the local community of native parasitoids.We explored 5 years of native community dynamics within 26 locations during the rise and fall of the invasive pest. In an attempt to understand how mechanisms such as local extinction or competition come into play, we analyzed how the patterns of co-occurrence between the different native parasitoid species changed through time.Our results demonstrate that native parasitoid communities experienced increased competition as the D. kuriphilus levels of infestation decreased. During the last year of the survey, two alternative patterns were observed depending on the sampled location: either native parasitoid communities were represented by an extremely limited number of species occurring at low densities, in some cases no native parasitoid species at all, or they were dominated by one main parasitoid: Mesopolobus sericeus. These two patterns seemed to correlate with the habitat type, M. sericeus being more abundant in semi-natural habitats compared to agricultural lands, the former known to be natural reservoirs for native parasitoids. These results highlight how the “boom-and-bust” dynamics of an invasive pest followed by successful biological control can deeply alter the structure of native communities of natural enemies.This article has been peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoologyhttps://doi.org/10.24072/pci.zool.100004

scholarly journals Population Dynamics and Tree Damage of the Invasive Chestnut Gall Wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, in Its Southernmost European Distributional Range

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Javier Quinto ◽  
María Eva Wong ◽  
Juan Ramón Boyero ◽  
José Miguel Vela ◽  
Martin Aguirrebengoa
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Tree Damage ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

The invasive chestnut gall wasp (CGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus, the worst pest of chestnut cultivation, has spread worryingly throughout Europe in less than 20 years. Despite the great concern around this pest, little is known about the status in its southernmost distribution in continental Europe. We assessed spatio-temporal patterns in the population dynamics, phenology and tree damage caused by CGW in southern Spain. Likewise, the relationship between these variables and thermal trends was evaluated. We found strong variation in the population dynamics and flight phenology among localities and over time, which were highly influenced by changes in thermal regimes. Specifically, warmer localities and vegetative periods promoted higher population densities, a partial increase in the survival of immature stages, and advanced flight activity. Moreover, tree damage evolved differently over time in each locality, which suggests that local conditions may determine differences in damage evolution. Our findings evidence that great spatio-temporal variability in the CGW populations takes place across invaded areas in its southernmost European distributional range. Although control mechanisms have been introduced, implementation of further control and management measures are critical to cope with this main threat for the chestnut industry and to prevent its spread to nearing chestnut-producing areas.

scholarly journals Genotypic Characterization of Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) After Its Introduction in Tuscany (Italy) for the Biological Control of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra Viviani ◽  
Rodolfo Bernardi ◽  
Andrea Cavallini ◽  
Elisabetta Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Torymus Sinensis ◽  
The World

Abstract Torymus sinensis Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) is an alien parasitoid that is used in many areas of the world for biological control the Asian chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). In Italy, this parasitoid was imported from Japan in 2003 and subsequently multiplied and released throughout the country. In this study, a phylogenetic investigation was carried out on insects from three different sites in northern Tuscany (Italy). Moreover, the possible hybridization between T. sinensis and some native Torymus species was evaluated. The conserved region 18S rRNA gene and the hypervariable ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2) region of the ribosomal cistrone were selected as molecular markers. Sequencing the amplified products, after cloning, ruled out any hybridization between T. sinensis and the native Torymus species, and also confirmed the presence of two haplotypes for the Tuscan population of T. sinensis both for the region of the 18S rRNA gene as well as for the ITS2 region. These results confirm that the environmental impact of the alien parasitoid T. sinensis in the study site is acceptable, although an extensive and repeated monitoring would be desirable.

scholarly journals Population Dynamics of Sugarcane Moth Borers in Indonesian Cane Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nader Sallam ◽  
Etik Mar'ati Achadian ◽  
Ari Kristini ◽  
Rob Magarey ◽  
Emily Deomano
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Top Borer ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Sugarcane Moth Borers ◽  
Chilo Auricilius

We conducted monthly monitoring of lepidopterous moth borers in four sugarcane fields in Java, Indonesia, from May 2009 to May 2011. Fields sampled belonged to Pesantren Baru, Jombang Baru, Gondang Baru and Subang sugar factories. Three main moth borer species were found to inflict damage to sugarcane plantations in all regions, and these are the stalk borers Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer) and Chilo auricilius Dudgeon and the top borer Scirpophaga excerptalis (Walker). Tetramoera (Eucosma) schistaceana (Snellen) was also encountered but only caused minor damage. Borer populations increased with plant age and reached a peak around January – May in most cases, with the onset of rainfall triggering population rise. All borers coexisted in the same plant with no evidence of competition between the two stalk borers (C. sacchariphagus and C. auricilius) over their specific feeding location (internode) or between the two stalk borers and the top borer (S. excerptalis) over the same plant. This suggests that an infestation by one species does not make the plant less desirable to be colonised by another. Parasitism rates by natural enemies were very low which reflects the challenges facing biological control efforts in Java. Knowledge generated through this project will improve our understanding of borer dynamics in South East Asia and will enhance our preparedness for potential introduction by any of these pests into Australia

Rearing, release and settlement prospect in Italy of Torymus sinensis, the biological control agent of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus

BioControl ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra Quacchia ◽  
Seiichi Moriya ◽  
Giovanni Bosio ◽  
Ivano Scapin ◽  
Alberto Alma
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Torymus Sinensis

scholarly journals Biological control of the Asian chestnut gall wasp in Portugal: Insights from a mathematical model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254193
Author(s):  
Carlos Balsa ◽  
Albino Bento ◽  
Francesco Paparella
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Torymus Sinensis ◽  
Collective Strategy ◽  
Made In

In recent years, the Asian gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus has invaded chestnut trees and significantly affected the Portuguese chestnut production. Studies in other countries, such as Japan or Italy, have shown that the parasitoid Torymus sinensis can successfully achieve biological control of D. kuriphilus. Mathematical models help us to understand the dynamics of the interaction between the pest D. kuriphilus and its parasitoid T. sinensis and, consequently, they can help to implement measures that enhance crop pest management. In this work, the evolution of the density of D. kuriphilus and T. sinensis across time and space is studied through the numerical solution of models that include parameters based on observations made in Portugal. Simultaneous releases of the parasitoid are simulated at various locations and at different times. The results indicate that, in the case of a small and homogeneous orchard, biological control can be effective, but, in the case of extensive domains, the pest control is much more difficult to achieve. In order for biological control to be efficient, it is necessary to implement, in each chestnut-producing region, a collective strategy based on the annual monitoring of infestation levels.

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