scholarly journals Association between Serum Copeptin and Stroke in Rural Areas of Northern China: A Matched Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Sun ◽  
Donghui Huang ◽  
Hailong Wang ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Xiaomei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Background. Copeptin has been implicated as an effective prognostic biomarker of stroke outcome; however, few studies have investigated whether copeptin could be used as an etiological factor for stroke or not. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of serum copeptin with stroke. Methods. In total, 238 participants including 119 cases (87 ischemic stroke and 32 hemorrhagic stroke) and 119 controls were included in this 1 : 1 matched case-control study. Conditional multivariate logistic regression was conducted to assess the Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); restricted cubic spline in logistic regression model was used to evaluate the dose-response association between serum copeptin and total stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. Results. The median serum copeptin was 20.90 pmol/L, 20.90 pmol/L, 6.53 pmol/L, and 8.42 pmol/L for total stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and healthy subjects, respectively. The corresponding ORs (95% CIs) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile were 1.23 (0.62–2.44) for total stroke, 4.01 (1.47–10.96) for ischemic stroke, and 0.13 (0.22–0.69) for hemorrhagic stroke. No nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between serum copeptin and total stroke (Pnonlinear=0.278), ischemic stroke (Pnonlinear=0.362), and hemorrhagic stroke (Pnonlinear=0.314). Compared with the reference copeptin level, a significantly increasing trend was found between serum copeptin and ischemic stroke (Poverall=0.002), and a decreasing trend was found between serum copeptin and hemorrhagic stroke (Poverall=0.007). Conclusions. Elevated serum copeptin levels were positively associated with ischemic stroke and adversely associated with hemorrhagic stroke. Additional prospective studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the present findings.

Matched case control analysis of breast cancer specific factors impacting risk of developing SARS-Cov-2 infection.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18579-e18579
Author(s):  
Joanna Zurko ◽  
Aniko Szabo ◽  
Yee Chung Cheng ◽  
Sailaja Kamaraju ◽  
John Burfeind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

e18579 Background: Patients with cancer have increased risk of developing SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) infection. It is unknown if characteristics related to breast cancer increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. In this retrospective matched case control study, we aim to identify breast cancer related risk factors associated with developing COVID-19 and describe outcomes of patients with breast cancer diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: Women with breast cancer treated at the Medical College of Wisconsin and diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and December 2020 served as cases. Women with breast cancer without COVID-19 diagnosis within the same time frame were identified as potential controls. Controls were chosen by matching for age (≥60 vs <60), obesity (BMI <30 vs ≥30), county (Milwaukee vs suburban), race (white vs non-white) and diabetes mellitus (DM) with 3:1 matching planned. Univariate comparisons between cases and controls were done via Rao-Scott stratified chi-square test for categorical outcomes and stratified t-test for continuous variables. Conditional logistic regression was done to evaluate the joint effect of multiple characteristics on the odds of being a COVID-19 case. Results: Twenty-five cases and 77 controls were identified. All cases were fully matched by age, obesity, county, and race with 3 cases not able to be matched for DM. Mean age was 54.6 vs 54.9 (p=0.88), BMI 31.0 vs 31.6 (p=0.69), 48% lived in Milwaukee county and 68% were white (cases 24% black & 8% American Indian; controls 32% black). Regarding COVID outcomes, 24.0% (n=6) of cases were hospitalized, median length of stay was 2 days, 8% (n=2) needed oxygen, 4% (n=1) were intubated and 4% (n=1) died due to COVID-19. COVID-19 led to treatment delays in 40% of cases. On univariate analysis of cases vs controls, 64 vs 75% were ER/PR+ (p=0.31), 6.5 vs 5.2% HER2+ (p=0.34), and 9.0 vs 4.2% triple negative (p=0.10). There were no significant differences in breast cancer stage. At time of COVID diagnosis (or last clinic contact if control), 16 vs 14% had active disease (p=0.81), 72 vs 74% were on active treatment (p=0.85), with 21 vs 4% being on chemotherapy (p=0.007), and 44 vs 52% on endocrine therapy (p=0.49). On conditional logistic regression, being on active chemotherapy (OR 5.8, p=0.043) significantly increased the likelihood of developing COVID with a trend seen for triple negative disease (OR 2.8, p=0.12). Conclusions: In this matched case control study of patients with breast cancer, active chemotherapy was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of developing COVID-19 with a trend seen for triple negative disease. Rates of death due to COVID-19 were overall low. Our analysis was limited by small numbers and an inability to fully match patients for DM. These findings support continued strict precautions for those on active chemotherapy and warrants further analysis in those with triple negative disease.

scholarly journals Determinants of first line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure among adult patients on ART at central Ethiopia: un-matched case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Mulisa ◽  
Mulugeta Tesfa ◽  
Getachew Mullu Kassa ◽  
Tadesse Tolossa
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
First Line ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In 2018 in Ethiopia, magnitude of human immunodeficiency virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome treatment failure was 15.9% and currently the number of patient receiving second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) is more increasing than those taking first line ART. Little is known about the predictors of treatment failure in the study area. Therefore; more factors that can be risk for first line ART failure have to identified to make the patients stay on first line ART for long times. Consequently, the aim of this study was to identify determinants of first line ART treatment failure among patients on ART at St. Luke referral hospital and Tulubolo General Hospital, 2019. Methods A 1:2 un-matched case-control study was conducted among adult patients on active follow up. One new group variables was formed as group 1 for cases and group 0 for controls and then data was entered in to Epi data version 3 and exported to STATA SE version 14 for analysis. From binary logistic regression variables with p value ≤0.25 were a candidate for multiple logistic regression. At the end variables with a p-value ≤0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result A total of 350 (117 cases and 233 controls) patients were participated in the study. Starting ART after 2 years of being confirmed HIV positive (AOR = 3.82 95% CI 1.37,10.6), nevirapine (NVP) based initial ART (AOR = 2.77,95%CI 1.22,6.28) having history of lost to follow up (AOR 3.66,95%CI 1.44,9.27) and base line opportunistic infection (AOR = 1.97,95%CI 1.06,3.63), staying on first line ART for greater than 5 years (AOR = 3.42,95%CI 1.63,7.19) and CD4 less than100cell/ul (AOR = 2.72,95%CI 1.46,5.07) were independent determinants of first line ART treatment failure. Conclusion Lost to follow up, staying on first line ART for greater than 5 years, presence of opportunistic infections, NVP based NNRT, late initiation of ART are determinant factors for first line ART treatment failure. The concerned bodies have to focus and act on those identified factors to maintain the patient on first line ART.

Association of Red Blood Cell Indices with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Elderly Individuals: a Matched Case- control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Du ◽  
Mengdi Jin ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jiangang Zhao ◽  
Aili Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Rbc Indices ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate and modifiable stage between normal aging and dementia. There is an urgent need for simple, non- invasive testing of MCI by blood biomarkers. Objective: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the association of red blood cell (RBC) indices with MCI, and select the best hematologic characteristic for detection of MCI in elderly Chinese. Methods: Matched case-control study was carried out with 85 pairs of MCI subjects and healthy controls. The matching criteria were age, gender and education attainment. All samples were analyzed for RBC indices, including hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD). A conditional logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between RBC indices and MCI. The diagnostic efficacy of the biomarkers was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Results: Among all RBC indices, there were significant differences in HGB (124.82 ± 7.89 vs. 133.93 ± 4.52, P < 0.001) and RDW-SD (45.29 ± 2.03 vs. 41.34 ± 4.41, P < 0.001) between two groups. In the logistic regression model, after adjustment for lifestyle factors and comorbidities, significant statisti- cally associations have been found between higher HGB and lower risk of MCI (adjusted OR: 0.831; 95%CI: 0.773-0.893), higher RDW-SD and a higher risk of MCI (adjusted OR: 1.575; 95%CI: 1.326- 1.872). ROC analysis suggested that the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) was found with the combination of HGB and RDW-SD (AUC = 0.842), followed by HGB(AUC = 0.795), and finally by modest RDW-SD (AUC = 0.777). Combination of HGB <131 g/L and RDW-SD >43.4 fL yielded a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 89%, overall diagnosis efficiency of which were better than HBG and RDW-SD alone. Conclusion: Lower HGB and higher RDW-SD alone were significantly found to be associated with increased risk of MCI, and offered modest sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic marker. The combination of HGB and RDW-SD was more sensitive and had higher classification accuracy for differentiating MCI from healthy controls. Further prospective research is needed to clarify whether HGB in combination with RDW-SD may be a potential diagnostic tool for early AD diagnosis.

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