The Influence of Suspension Containing Nanodiamonds on the Morphology of the Tooth Tissue Surface in Atomic Force Microscope Observations

Reduced friction and wear of materials after the use of the carbon nanomaterials including nanodiamonds (NDs) have been confirmed by several studies in material engineering. Mechanical cleaning of the tooth surface by brush bristles should leave as little tissue roughened as possible. Higher surface roughness increases the tissue’s wear and encourages the redeposition of the bacteria and the colouring agents present in the diet. Therefore, we evaluated the tooth tissues’ surface’s morphological changes after brushing them with the NDs suspension. Ten human teeth were brushed with the NDs aqueous suspension. The surfaces were observed using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). We found that the nature of the tissue surface became milder and smoother. A number of selected profilometric parameters were compared before and after brushing. We observed that brushing with the suspension of NDs resulted in a significant reduction in the enamel and dentine’s surface roughness both in the range of the average parameters (Ra; p-0,0019) and in the detailed parameters (Rsk; p-0,048 and Rku; p-0,036). We concluded that the NDs used in the oral hygiene applications have a potentially protective effect on the enamel and the dentine’s surfaces.

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Comparison of Interproximal Reduction Techniques and Proximal Strips: An Atomic Force Microscopic and Confocal Microscopic Study

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ◽

10.1177/0301574219885712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Pooja Harish S ◽

Karunakara B C ◽

Sumitra Reddy

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Atomic Force Microscope ◽

High Speed ◽

Reduction Technique ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Reduction Techniques ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Objective: A vivo study was conducted to evaluate the surface roughness produced by two different methods: hand-held mechanical and air-rotor stripping and also by HORICO and Ortho-Organizer strips (Bengaluru, India), before and after polishing with 3M Sof-Lex Finishing Strips under Atomic Force Microscope. Methodology: Study included 44 proximal surfaces of extracted premolars divided into a control group and 3 experimental groups with 12 surfaces in each. Hand-held mechanical stripping was done by 40 passages of 6 cm long abrasive strips and air-rotor stripping using high-speed air-rotor turbine hand piece. Polishing was done using 3M Sof-Lex finishing strips. Reduced teeth samples were viewed under Atomic Force Microscope and the proximal strips under Confocal microscope for surface roughness. Results: Air-rotor stripping produced statistically significant more surface roughness compared to the mechanical reduction technique ( P = .01). There was no significant difference between the roughnesses produced by 2 different proximal strips. Tooth surface after IPR with polishing had less roughness compared to unpolished surface. There was no mean difference between the wear of proximal strips. Conclusion: The mechanical reduction technique of interproximal surface produces less surface roughness compared to air-rotor stripping. Polishing with 3M Sof-Lex strips after reduction irrespective of the technique and material used gives smoother surface than even normal enamel.

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Influence of different types of whitening tooth pastes on the tooth color, enamel surface roughness and enamel morphology of human teeth

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20811.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1764

Author(s):

Mohamed Shamel ◽

Mahmoud M. Al-Ankily ◽

Mahmoud M. Bakr

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Tooth Whitening ◽

Sem Images ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Different Types

Background: Tooth whitening usually includes the direct use of gels containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide on the tooth enamel surface through a wide variety of products formulas. A generally new advancement in whitening of teeth uses the significant importance of the tooth color shift from yellow to blue in delivering a general enhancement in the observation of tooth whiteness. The aim of the current work was to measure the tooth whitening effects, surface roughness and enamel morphology of six different types of blue covarine-containing and blue covarine-free toothpastes using in vitro models. Methods: A total of 70 sound extracted human premolars were randomly and equally divided into seven groups, and each subjected to tooth brushing using different toothpastes. Tooth color and enamel surface roughness were measured before and after the brushing procedure using a white light interferometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess tooth surface after the procedure. Results: Toothpaste containing blue covarine resulted in the greatest improvement in tooth color amongst all groups as well as a statistically significant color difference when compared to blue covarine-free toothpaste. Furthermore, blue covarine-containing toothpaste resulted in fewer morphological changes to the enamel surface. This was confirmed with SEM images that showed smooth enamel surfaces with fine scratches. Conclusions: The results from the present study show that blue covarine containing toothpastes are reliable, effective in tooth whitening and produce less surface abrasion when compared to blue covarine-free toothpastes.

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Surface roughness measurements of vanadium-contaminated fluidized cracking catalysts by atomic force microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100166798 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 866-867

Author(s):

H. Kinney ◽

M.L. Occelli ◽

S.A.C. Gould

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Zeolite Y ◽

Atomic Level ◽

Microporous Structure ◽

Contact Mode ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Before And After ◽

Roughness Measurements ◽

Cracking Catalysts

For this study we have used a contact mode atomic force microscope (AFM) to study to topography of fluidized cracking catalysts (FCC), before and after contamination with 5% vanadium. We selected the AFM because of its ability to well characterize the surface roughness of materials down to the atomic level. It is believed that the cracking in the FCCs occurs mainly on the catalysts top 10-15 μm suggesting that the surface corrugation could play a key role in the FCCs microactivity properties. To test this hypothesis, we chose vanadium as a contaminate because this metal is capable of irreversibly destroying the FCC crystallinity as well as it microporous structure. In addition, we wanted to examine the extent to which steaming affects the vanadium contaminated FCC. Using the AFM, we measured the surface roughness of FCCs, before and after contamination and after steaming.We obtained our FCC (GRZ-1) from Davison. The FCC is generated so that it contains and estimated 35% rare earth exchaged zeolite Y, 50% kaolin and 15% binder.

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Electric Control of Friction on Silicon Studied by Atomic Force Microscope

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292015500381 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 1550038 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yan Jiang ◽

Lili Yue ◽

Boshen Yan ◽

Xi Liu ◽

Xiaofei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscope ◽

Bias Voltage ◽

Electrostatic Force ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Friction Forces ◽

Type Silicon ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Electric Control ◽

Before And After ◽

Track Line

We investigated friction on an n-type silicon surface using an atomic force microscope when a bias voltage was applied to the sample. Friction forces on the same track line were measured before and after the bias voltages were applied and it was found that the friction forces in n-type silicon can be tuned reversibly with the bias voltage. The dependence of adhesion forces between the silicon nitride tip and Si sample on the bias voltages approximately follows a parabolic law due to electrostatic force, which results in a significant increase in the friction force at an applied electric field.

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Study on Surface Roughness Based on Dynamic Minimum Thickness of Cut

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.34 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 88-89 ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

Kuai Ji Cai

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Friction Coefficient ◽

Atomic Force Microscope ◽

Surface Quality ◽

Experimental Verification ◽

Cutting Parameters ◽

Minimum Thickness ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The relationship of the friction coefficient and the MTC were discussed, and the MTC and its effects on surface roughness were a theoretical analysised and experimental verification by AFM (atomic force microscope). The results show that the theoretical MTC tends to be minimal value then before the adhering effect to reach remarkable. Appropriate adjustments cutting parameters, the cutting process can always micro-cutting phase to reach the steady-thin chip, and no plowing phenomenon. So the surface residues highly were reduced and higher surface quality was achieved.

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Comparison of the effect of sodium bicarbonate and glycine air polishing systems on tooth surface roughness: An atomic force microscopic analysis

Technology and Health Care ◽

10.3233/thc-202210 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

S. Tamilselvi ◽

Raghvendra Reddy Nagate ◽

Manae Musa Musleh Al-Ahmari ◽

G. Kokila ◽

Shreyas Tikare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Air Polishing ◽

Atomic Force

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Extension of the range of profile surface roughness measurements using metrological atomic force microscope

Precision Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.precisioneng.2019.01.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 321-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ichiko Misumi ◽

Kentaro Sugawara ◽

Ryosuke Kizu ◽

Akiko Hirai ◽

Satoshi Gonda

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Atomic Force Microscope ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Roughness Measurements

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Relationship Between Stress and Surface Roughness in Krypton Implanted MgO

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-356-57 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 356 ◽

Author(s):

Laurence Gea ◽

Jean-Luc Loubet ◽

Roger Brenier ◽

Paul Thevenard

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Atomic Force Microscope ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Internal Stresses ◽

Post Irradiation ◽

Implantation Damage ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Microindentation Technique ◽

Good Agreement

Abstract(001) MgO single crystals were implanted with 150 keV krypton ions (Kr+) at a fluence of 5.1016 ions.cm-2 . The implanted surface, observed with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) exhibits striking features that can be described as undulations with a wavelength of 0.5 [μm. We correlate these features to the decrease in density and the stresses induced by the implantation damage. As a matter of fact, a model of surface instabilities provides a relationship between the wavelength of the ondulations and internal stresses. Using this model, implantation stresses are calculated to 2.2 GPa. This is in good agreement with the value of 2 GPa obtained with the help of the microindentation technique and the literature data. Some effects of an ionizing post-irradiation on stress and surface roughness are described.

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