A Cross-Layer Design for a Multihop, Self-Healing, and Self-Forming Tactical Network

In mission and time critical applications, bandwidth and delay optimizations are the key goals of communication systems. This paper presents a cross-layer framework design that reduces the call setup time, provides collision-free communication, and reuses the empty slots of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol which otherwise causes low throughput and large delay. As number of communicating nodes in tactical networks is small as compared to commercial mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), classical TDMA will yield huge number of empty slots and any Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) technique may cause more delay in some critical scenarios. Proposed methodology gives a Cross-Layer Architecture for Network (NET) Layer and Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer. Our design provides bandwidth efficient, collision-free communication to Software-Defined Radios (SDRs) in self-forming and self-healing tactical networks with low call setup time and multihop routing. For this purpose TDMA as MAC layer protocol and Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) as Network Layer Routing Protocol are used. Our slot allocation (SA) algorithm, Cross-Layer TDMA (CL-TDMA), consists of control phase where AODV control packets are exchanged and data transfer phase where transmission of data and voice occurs. All active radios in vicinity gather information about communicating nodes based on the exchange of control packets by SDRs. Our algorithm then uses this information to help all active SDRs find slot(s) that will be used for collision-free transmission. A number of experiments are performed to establish improved performance of the proposed technique compared to other established techniques and protocols.

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Cross layer design between MAC layer and network layer in IEEE 802.11-based ad-hoc network to alleviate exposed terminal problem

2012 7th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems, Services, and Applications (TSSA) ◽

10.1109/tssa.2012.6366075 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tutun Juhana ◽

Nana Marliza

Keyword(s):

Ieee 802.11 ◽

Ad Hoc Network ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Cross Layer ◽

Cross Layer Design ◽

Mac Layer ◽

Network Layer ◽

Exposed Terminal

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An Efficient Source Location Privacy Protection Algorithm Based on Circular Trap for Wireless Sensor Networks

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym11050632 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yiting Wang ◽

Liang Liu ◽

Wenzhao Gao

Keyword(s):

Multiple Access ◽

Location Privacy ◽

Source Location ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Cross Layer ◽

Data Loss ◽

Mac Layer ◽

Source Location Privacy ◽

Location Privacy Protection ◽

Time Division

With the aim of addressing the problem of high overhead and unstable performance of the existing Source Location Privacy (SLP) protection algorithms, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm based on Circular Trap (CT) which integrates the routing layer and MAC layer protocol to provide SLP protection for WSNs. This algorithm allocates time slots for each node in the network by using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology, so that data loss caused by channel collisions can be avoided. At the same time, a circular trap route is formed to induce an attacker to first detect the packets from the nodes on the circular route, thereby moving away from the real route and protecting the SLP. The experimental results demonstrate that the CT algorithm can prevent the attacker from tracking the source location by 20% to 50% compared to the existing cross-layer SLP-aware algorithm.

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A Cross-Layer Multiple-Access Protocol with Adaptive Transmission for Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Ad Hoc Networks

MILCOM 2007 - IEEE Military Communications Conference ◽

10.1109/milcom.2007.4454896 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Steven W. Boyd ◽

Michael B. Pursley ◽

Harlan B. Russell

Keyword(s):

Spread Spectrum ◽

Multiple Access ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ◽

Adaptive Transmission ◽

Cross Layer ◽

Direct Sequence ◽

Access Protocol ◽

Hoc Networks ◽

Multiple Access Protocol

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ANALISIS PERMASALAHAN OPTIMALISASI VOICE CDMA 2000 1X UNTUK MENGURANGI KEGAGALAN KONEKSI STUDI KASUS DIVISI TELKOM FLEXI SEMARANG

JURNAL INFOTEL ◽

10.20895/infotel.v3i2.33 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Alfin Hikmaturokhman ◽

Eka Wahyudi ◽

Septy Widya Pangestika

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Code Division Multiple Access ◽

Multiple Access ◽

Performance Indicator ◽

Setup Time ◽

Call Rate ◽

Key Performance Indicator ◽

Call Setup ◽

Cdma 2000 ◽

Code Division Multiple

Berkembang pesatnya jumlah penyedia layanan pada jaringan Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), membuat operator penyedia layanan untuk semakin memperkokoh jaringan dan mengoptimalkan layanan serta kualitas yang akan diberikan. Agar dapat melayani pelanggan dengan baik maka dibutuhkan jaringan yang mempunyai kinerja baik. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan optimalisasi pada jaringan, sehingga dapat mengurangi drop call dan resource blocking serta meningkatkan success call. Optimalisasi jaringan dilakukan berdasarkan analisis data hasil pengukuran drive test, adapun data yang dianalisis meliputi Call Setup Success Rate, Drop call Rate, Resource Blocking, Rx Power, Tx Power, Ec/Io, Forward FER dan Call Setup Time. Pada pengukuran yang telah dilakukan untuk nilai rata-rata yang sesuai dengan Key Performance Indicator (KPI) didapat Call Setup Success Rate (> 99%), Drop call Rate (< 2%), Resource Blocking (< 2%), Rx Power (-91.7 dBm), Tx Power (11.4 dBm), Ec/Io (-21.38 dB), Forward FER (4.8%), dan Call Setup Time (4.832 detik). Hasil ini menunjukkan kinerja jaringan Flexi untuk daerah Jepara #2 masih kurang maksimal, karena untuk parameter Rx Power, Tx Power, Forward FER, dan Ec/Io tidak sesuai dengan KPI. Sehingga dilakukan optimalisasi agar kualitas jaringan semakin baik. Untuk hasil pengukuran setelah dilakukan optimalisasi didapat dengan rata-rata untuk Call Setup Success Rate (> 99%), Drop call Rate (< 1%), Resource Blocking (< 1%), Rx Power (-99.9 dBm), Tx Power (-27.8 dBm), Ec/Io (-5.45 dB), Forward FER (2.45%), dan Call Setup Time (4.902 detik). Kata Kunci : CDMA 2000 1X, Call Setup Success Rate, Drop call Rate, Resource Blocking, Rx Power, Tx Power

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An Adaptive-Transmission Cross-Layer Protocol with Selective MAC Layer Spatial Reuse Capabilities for Ad Hoc Networks

MILCOM 2006 ◽

10.1109/milcom.2006.302198 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven Boyd ◽

Michael Pursley ◽

Harlan Russell

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Adaptive Transmission ◽

Cross Layer ◽

Spatial Reuse ◽

Mac Layer ◽

Hoc Networks

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A novel MAC layer protocol for space division multiple access in wireless ad hoc networks

Proceedings. Eleventh International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks ◽

10.1109/icccn.2002.1043136 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

D. Lal ◽

R. Toshniwal ◽

R. Radhakrishnan ◽

D.P. Agrawal ◽

J. Caffery

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Multiple Access ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Mac Layer ◽

Space Division Multiple Access ◽

Space Division ◽

Hoc Networks

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A Novel Self-Forming Virtual Sub-Nets Based Cross-Layer MAC Protocol for Multihop Tactical Network

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11062470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 2470

Author(s):

Rukaiya Rukaiya ◽

Shoab Ahmed Khan ◽

Muhammad Umar Farooq ◽

Farhan Hussain

Keyword(s):

Multiple Access ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Mac Protocol ◽

Critical Time ◽

Network Throughput ◽

Cross Layer ◽

Cross Layer Design ◽

Self Healing ◽

Cross Layer Optimization ◽

Mission Critical

A tactical network mainly consists of software-defined radios (SDRs) integrated with programmable and reconfigurable features that provide the addition and customization of different waveforms for different scenarios, e.g., situational awareness, video, or voice transmission. The network, which is mission-critical, congested, and delay-sensitive, operates in infrastructure-less terrains with self-forming and self-healing capabilities. It demands reliability and the need to survive by seamlessly maintaining continuous network connectivity during mobility and link failures. SDR platforms transfer large amounts of data that must be processed with low latency transmissions. The state-of-the-art solutions lack the capability to provide high data throughput and incorporate overhead in route discovery and resource distribution that is not appropriate for resource-constrained mission-critical networks. A cross-layer design exploits existing resources to react to environment changes efficiently, enable reliability, and escalate network throughput. A solution that integrates SDR benefits and cross-layer optimization can perform all the mentioned operations efficiently. In tactical networks, SDR’s maximum usable bandwidth can be utilized by exploiting radios’ autonomous behavior. This paper presents a novel virtual sub-nets based cross-layer medium access control (VSCL-MAC) protocol for self-forming multihop tactical radio networks. It is a MAC-centric design with cross-layer optimization that enables dynamic routing and autonomous time-slot scheduling in a multichannel network environment among SDRs. The cross-layer coupling uses link-layer information from the hybrid of time division multiple access and frequency division multiple access (TDMA/FDMA) MAC to proactively enable distributed intelligent routing at the network layer. The virtual sub-nets based distributed algorithm exploits spectrum resources and provides call setup with persistently available k-hop route information and simultaneous collision-free transmission of voice and data. The experimental results over extensive simulations show significant performance improvements in terms of minimum control overhead, processing time in relay nodes, a substantial increase in network throughput, and lower data latency (up to 76.98%) compared to conventional time-slotted MAC protocols. The design is useful for mission-critical, time-sensitive networks and exploits multihop simultaneous communication in a distributed manner.

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Designing an Energy Efficient Scheme in MANET using Reconfigurable Directional (RDA) Algorithm

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i4.637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Rinkle Chhabra ◽

Anuradha Saini

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Setup Time ◽

Directional Antennas ◽

Directional Antenna ◽

Efficient Scheme ◽

Primary Focus ◽

Hoc Networks ◽

Energy Gains ◽

Insight Into

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are autonomous, infrastructure less and self-configuring networks. MANETs has gained lots of popularity due to on the fly deployment i.e. small network setup time and ability to provide communication in obstreperous terrains. Major challenges in MANETs include routing, energy efficiency, network topology control, security etc. Primary focus in this article is to provide method and algorithm to ensure significant energy savings using re-configurable directional antennas. Significant energy gains can be clinched using directional antenna. Key challenges while using directional antenna are to find destination location, antenna focusing, signal power and distance calculations. Re-configurable directional antenna can ensure significant energy gains if used intelligently. This article provides a brief insight into improved energy savings using re-configurable directional antennas and an associated algorithm

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