scholarly journals Placental Ageing in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Telomere Shortening, Cell Senescence, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samprikta Manna ◽  
Cathal McCarthy ◽  
Fergus P. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Premature Ageing ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Preeclampsia is a multisystemic pregnancy disorder and a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The exact pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains unclear; however, it is speculated that the various pathologies can be attributed to impaired vascular remodelling and elevated oxidative stress within the placenta. Oxidative stress plays a key role in cell ageing, and the persistent presence of elevated oxidative stress precipitates cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in premature ageing of the placenta. Premature ageing of the placenta is associated with placental insufficiency, which reduces the functional capacity of this critical organ and leads to abnormal pregnancy outcomes. The changes brought about by oxidative insults are irreversible and often lead to deleterious modifications in macromolecules such as lipids and proteins, DNA mutations, and alteration of mitochondrial functioning and dynamics. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of placental ageing in the aetiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes and discussed the hallmarks of ageing which could be potential markers for preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress, placental ageing-related pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. e12653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakia Sultana ◽  
Kaushik Maiti ◽  
John Aitken ◽  
Jonathan Morris ◽  
Lee Dedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

scholarly journals Maternal marijuana use, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal morbidity

2017 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 478.e1-478.e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torri D. Metz ◽  
Amanda A. Allshouse ◽  
Carol J. Hogue ◽  
Robert L. Goldenberg ◽  
Donald J. Dudley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

scholarly journals Pregnancy-Related Extracellular Vesicles Revisited

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3904
Author(s):  
Carmen Elena Condrat ◽  
Valentin Nicolae Varlas ◽  
Florentina Duică ◽  
Panagiotis Antoniadis ◽  
Cezara Alina Danila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles ranging from 20–200 nm to 10 μm in diameter that are discharged and taken in by many different types of cells. Depending on the nature and quantity of their content—which generally includes proteins, lipids as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger-RNA (mRNA), and DNA—these particles can bring about functional modifications in the receiving cells. During pregnancy, placenta and/or fetal-derived EVs have recently been isolated, eliciting interest in discovering their clinical significance. To date, various studies have associated variations in the circulating levels of maternal and fetal EVs and their contents, with complications including gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, ultimately leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, EVs have also been identified as messengers and important players in viral infections during pregnancy, as well as in various congenital malformations. Their presence can be detected in the maternal blood from the first trimester and their level increases towards term, thus acting as liquid biopsies that give invaluable insight into the status of the feto-placental unit. However, their exact roles in the metabolic and vascular adaptations associated with physiological and pathological pregnancy is still under investigation. Analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles available in online databases, the purpose of this review is to synthesize current knowledge regarding the utility of quantification of pregnancy related EVs in general and placental EVs in particular as non-invasive evidence of placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to develop the current understanding of these particles and their applicability in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The possible role of selenium status in adverse pregnancy outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1418-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline B. Mariath ◽  
Denise P. Bergamaschi ◽  
Patrícia H. C. Rondó ◽  
Ana C. D'A. Tanaka ◽  
Patrícia de Fragas Hinnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Stress Studies ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Se Status

The present study reviews the possible role of Se status during pregnancy regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes, with emphasis on those related to diminished antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress. Studies have reported that Se could play an important role in adverse outcomes such as miscarriages, neural tube defects, diaphragmatic hernia, premature birth, low birth weight, pre-eclampsia, glucose intolerance and gestational diabetes. Also, low Se status has been associated with adverse outcomes among HIV-infected pregnant women and their offspring. Nevertheless, the function of Se in the aetiology of pregnancy complications is yet to be elucidated. Available evidence presents the following limitations: most study designs do not allow conclusions about causal relationships; study populations, selection of subjects, research setting, procedures for defining sample size and analytical methods are often poorly described; many studies fail to adjust for important confounding variables. In addition, population studies assessing the relationship between Se intake during pregnancy and health outcomes are scarce. Further research is still needed to clarify the role of Se status in adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially those related to augmented oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The safety of isoniazid tuberculosis preventive treatment in pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1901967
Author(s):  
Yohhei Hamada ◽  
Carmen Figueroa ◽  
Mario Martín-Sánchez ◽  
Dennis Falzon ◽  
Avinash Kanchar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment for high-risk groups. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) has been used globally for this purpose for many years, including in pregnancy. This review assessed current knowledge about the safety of IPT in pregnancy.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Global Health Library and HIV and TB-related conference abstracts, until May 15, 2019, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies (NRS) where IPT was administered to pregnant women. Outcomes of interest were: 1) maternal outcomes, including permanent drug discontinuation due to adverse drug reactions, any grade 3 or 4 drug-related toxic effects, death from any cause and hepatotoxicity; and 2) pregnancy outcomes, including in utero fetal death, neonatal death or stillbirth, preterm delivery/prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and congenital anomalies. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model.ResultsAfter screening 1342 citations, nine studies (of 34 to 51 942 participants) met inclusion criteria. We found an increased likelihood of hepatotoxicity among pregnant women given IPT (risk ratio 1.64, 95% CI 0.78–3.44) compared with no IPT exposure in one RCT. Four studies reported on pregnancy outcomes comparing IPT exposure to no exposure among pregnant women with HIV. In one RCT, adverse pregnancy outcomes were associated with IPT exposure during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 1.51, 95% CI 1.09–2.10), but three NRS showed a protective effect.ConclusionsWe found inconsistent associations between IPT and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Considering the grave consequences of active TB in pregnancy, current evidence does not support systematic deferral of IPT until postpartum. Research on safety is needed.

scholarly journals Association of Oxidative Stress on Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kinga Toboła-Wróbel ◽  
Marek Pietryga ◽  
Piotr Dydowicz ◽  
Marta Napierała ◽  
Jacek Brązert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

The pathophysiological mechanism underlying pregnancy complications such as congenital malformations, miscarriage, preeclampsia, or fetal growth restriction is not entirely known. However, the negative impact of the mother’s body oxidative imbalance on the fetus and the course of gestation is increasingly discussed. This article is an integrative review of some original studies and review papers on the effects of oxidative stress on the adverse pregnancy outcomes mainly birth defects in fetuses. A systematic search for English language articles published from 2010 until 2020 was made, using MEDLINE data. Additionally, we analyzed the Cochrane and Scopus databases, discussions with experts, and a review of bibliography of articles from scientifically relevant and valuable sources. The main purposes are to assess the contribution of the existing literature of associations of oxidative stress on the etiology of the abovementioned conditions and to identify relevant information and outline existing knowledge. Furthermore, the authors aim to find any gaps in the research, thereby providing grounds for our own research. The key search terms were “oxidative stress in pregnancy,” “oxidative stress and congenital malformations,” and “oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes.” Studies have confirmed that oxidative stress has a significant impact on pregnancy and is involved in the pathomechanism of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals 605: Profiling of exosomes from amnion cells exposed to infection and oxidative stress reveal pathways of adverse pregnancy outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. S361
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Dixon ◽  
Vyjayanthi Kinhal ◽  
Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza ◽  
Dominic Guanzon ◽  
Carlos Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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