scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Antifouling Metabolites from Red Sea Organisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sultan Semran Al-Lihaibi ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Lateff ◽  
Walied Mohamed Alarif ◽  
Hajer Saeed Alorfi ◽  
Yasuyuki Nogata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Balanus Amphitrite ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Settlement Inhibition

Seventy-one marine organisms representing different classes of marine fauna and flora were collected from the Red Sea. They include sponges, hydrozoan, soft corals, sea cucumber, ascidian, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae. The methanolic extracts were evaluated for their toxicity and settlement inhibition effects by using cultured Balanus amphitrite. Thirty-three extracts displayed antifouling effects: four samples were highly potent at 1 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition above 31%, twenty-two were potent at 10 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition between 16 and 30%, and seven were active at 10 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition between 0 and 15%. Two promising extracts were purified by employing several chromatographic techniques, leading to the isolation of 12 known compounds. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antifouling activities and demonstrated potent antifouling effects with EC50 values of less than 10 μg/mL.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure-based Insights on Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis Effects of Selected Egyptian Red Sea Marine Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
G.M. Tawfeek ◽  
H.S. Elwakil ◽  
R.M. Sarhan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Media Control ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Echinometra Mathaei

Background:Metronidazole is used for the treatment of trichomoniasis. However, a growing number ofTrichomonas vaginalis(T. vaginalis) isolates are now resistant, which is an urgent issue to search for new alternatives. Worldwide marine pharmacy confirms the enormous potential of sea species as a source of novel pharmaceuticals.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the anti-T. vaginalisactivities of ethanolic extracts of Red Sea marine resources, soft corals;Sarcophyton glaucumandLitophyton arboreumand methanolic extracts of Red Sea brown algae;Liagora farinosa, Colpomenia sinuosa, Hydroclathrus clathratus,andSargassum graminifolium, as well as sea cucumber (Holothuria fuscocinerea) and sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei).T. vaginalisgrowth inhibition was determined using 2 concentrations for each marine extract 10 and 100 µg/ml in comparison to media control. Drugs that showed good initial activity were further tested to calculate their IC50 in comparison to metronidazole. The ultrastructural impact of the more effective extracts was further assessed.Results:H. clathratus,L. farinose, sea urchinE. mathaeiand sea cucumberH. fuscocinereareduced the growth ofT. vaginaliseffectively and showed high activity with IC50 of 0.985±0.08, 0.949±0.04, 0.845±0.09 and 0.798±µg/ml±SD, respectively. Concerning microscopic analysis, marine extract and metronidazole-treated cells presented similar morphological changes. The nuclear membrane was damaged, the nuclei were dissolved, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was widened, and the chromatin was accumulated. In the cytoplasm, numerous autophagic vacuoles appeared, the organelles were disintegrated, the flagella were internalized and hydrogenosomes with altered morphologies were observed. The cell membrane was partially damaged, with cytoplasmic leakage and cell disintegration.Conclusion:This study describes the report on the activity and morphological changes induced by Egyptian Red Sea marine resources againstT. vaginalis. The results obtained herein presented new opportunitiess. Further, bio-guided fractionation and isolation of active compounds are needed.

Lipids and Free Fatty Acids of Red Sea Avrainvillea amadelpha, Holothuria atra, and Sarcocornia fruticosa Inhibit Marine Bacterial Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-471
Author(s):  
Usama W. Hawas ◽  
Fekri Shaher ◽  
Mohamed Ghandourah ◽  
Lamia T. Abou El-Kassem ◽  
Sathianeson Satheesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Holothuria Atra ◽  
Sarcocornia Fruticosa

This study aimed at evaluating the antibiofilm activity of the Red Sea metabolites from green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha, sea cucumber Holothuria atra and costal plant Sarcocornia fruticosa against three biofilm bacterial strains isolated from Jeddah coast. Free fatty acids (FFAs) and other lipoidal matters were extracted from these organisms and analyzed by GC-MS. The composition of lipoidal fractions showed that A. amadelpha is rich by 74% saturated FAs, while sea cucumber H. atra revealed high content (60%) of unsaturated FAs. Palmitic acid is the major FA component in all species ranging from 14.5 to 26.7%. Phytol, sterols and hydrocarbons (C8-C29) were represented in the alga A. amadelpha as high contents with values 25.8, 21.9 and 18.5%, respectively. The extracts and lipoidal contents showed biofilm inhibitory activity against the isolated bacterial strains, where the unsaponified lipoidal fraction of S. fruticosa exhibited highest inhibitory activity against Planomicrobium sp. at concentration of 200 µg/mL.

scholarly journals Holospiniferoside: A New Antitumor Cerebroside from The Red Sea Cucumber Holothuria spinifera: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Enas E. Eltamany ◽  
Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen ◽  
Dina M. Hal ◽  
Amany K. Ibrahim ◽  
Hashim A. Hassanean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Red Sea Cucumber

Chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the Red Sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera led to the isolation of a new cerebroside, holospiniferoside (1), together with thymidine (2), methyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (3), a new triacylglycerol (4), and cholesterol (5). Their chemical structures were established by NMR and mass spectrometric analysis, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All the isolated compounds are reported in this species for the first time. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited promising in vitro antiproliferative effect on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) with IC50 of 20.6 µM compared to the IC50 of 15.3 µM for the drug cisplatin. To predict the possible mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of compound 1, a docking study was performed to elucidate its binding interactions with the active site of the protein Mdm2–p53. Compound 1 displayed an apoptotic activity via strong interaction with the active site of the target protein. This study highlights the importance of marine natural products in the design of new anticancer agents.

scholarly journals New Cytotoxic Cerebrosides from the Red Sea Cucumber Holothuria spinifera Supported by In-Silico Studies

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Reda F. A. Abdelhameed ◽  
Enas E. Eltamany ◽  
Dina M. Hal ◽  
Amany K. Ibrahim ◽  
Asmaa M. AboulMagd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Cholesterol Sulfate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Red Sea Cucumber ◽  
Mcf 7

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of a methanolic extract of the Red Sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera and LC-HRESIMS-assisted dereplication resulted in the isolation of four compounds, three new cerebrosides, spiniferosides A (1), B (2), and C (3), and cholesterol sulfate (4). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established on the basis of their 1D NMR and HRMS spectral data. Metabolic profiling of the H. spinifera extract indicated the presence of diverse secondary metabolites, mostly hydroxy fatty acids, diterpenes, triterpenes, and cerebrosides. The isolated compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicities against the breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 displayed promising cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 cells, with IC50 values of 13.83, 8.13, 8.27, and 35.56 µM, respectively, compared to that of the standard drug doxorubicin (IC50 8.64 µM). Additionally, docking studies were performed for compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 to elucidate their binding interactions with the active site of the SET protein, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which could explain their cytotoxic activity. This study highlights the important role of these metabolites in the defense mechanism of the sea cucumber against fouling organisms and the potential uses of these active molecules in the design of new anticancer agents.

Effect of Korean Red Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) on Melanogenic Protein Expression in Murine B16 Melanoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Yoon ◽  
M.J. Kim ◽  
H.B. Koh ◽  
W.J. Lee ◽  
N.H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
Red Sea Cucumber

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity from soft corals of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat Afifi ◽  
Ismail M. Abdel-Nabi ◽  
Kamal El-Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Soft Corals

Metal-Free 1,2,3-Triazole Synthesis in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Synlett ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 605-609
Author(s):  
Filip Sebest ◽  
Samuel Haselgrove ◽  
Andrew J. P. White ◽  
Silvia Díez-González
Keyword(s):  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques

The metal-free regioselective preparation of 1,5- and 1,4-disubstituted triazoles is reported through a cycloaddition–elimination sequence. Reactions were carried out in environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) and pure products were isolated without the need for chromatographic techniques.

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