scholarly journals Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vitamin Supplement in Treating Eczema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ziyu Zhu ◽  
Ziyi Yang ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Handeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Supplement Group ◽  
Central Register

Background. The morbidity of eczema has increased in the recent years, and the methods to prevent or ameliorate its effects are becoming more important. To this end, this research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of vitamin supplements in eczema therapy. Method. Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials were searched. Only randomized controlled trials were included, and we included all quantified eligible data where the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Index or Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores were applied to assess the severity of eczema. Results. Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and eight of them were included for quantitative analysis (total: 456 patients). Compared to the controls, the SCORAD index or EASI decreased in the vitamin supplement group (mean difference −5.96, 95% CI: −7.69 to −4.23 for vitamin D3; mean difference −5.72, 95% CI: −11.41 to −0.03 for vitamin E; and mean difference −3.19, 95% CI: −4.27 to −2.10 for vitamin B12). Conclusion. This study suggests that vitamin supplements could be important therapeutics to help manage eczema patients.

Febuxostat use and risks of CVD events, death from cardiac-cause and all-cause mortality: metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200307
Author(s):  
Hao Deng ◽  
Bao Long Zhang ◽  
Jin Dong Tong ◽  
Xiu Hong Yang ◽  
Hui Min Jin
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Objective To assess whether febuxostat use increases the risk of developing cardiovascular events, death from cardiac-cause and all-cause mortalities. Methods The relevant literature was searched in several databases including the MEDLINE (PubMed, 1 Jan. 1966–29 Feb. 2020), Web of science, EMBASE (1 Jan. 1974–29 Feb. 2020), ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials. Manual searches for references cited in the original studies and relevant review articles were also performed. All studies included in this metanalysis were published in English. Results In the end, 20 studies that met our inclusion criteria were included in this meta-analysis. Use of febuxostat was found not to be associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.57–1.32, P =0.507). Also, there was no association between febuxostat use and mortalities arising from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.49–1.45, P=0.528). The RR also revealed that febuxostat use was not associated with CVD events (RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.83–1.16, P =0.827). Furthermore, the likelihood of occurrence of CVD events was found not to be dependent on febuxostat dose (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.84–1.30, P =0.723). Conclusion Febuxostat use is not associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality, death from CVD or CVD events. Accordingly, it is a safe drug for the treatment of gout. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019131872

scholarly journals Assessment of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Safety Profiles – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Ren ◽  
Wilson Xu ◽  
James L Overton ◽  
Shandong Yu ◽  
Nipavan Chiamvimonvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractBackgroundRecently, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have emerged as potential antiviral and immunomodulatory options for the treatment of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To examine the safety profiles of these medications, we systematically evaluated the adverse events (AEs) of these medications from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, and the ClinicalTrials.gov for all the RCTs comparing CQ or HCQ with placebo or other active agents, published before March 31, 2020. The random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to pool the risk estimates relative ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the outcomes.ResultsThe literature search yielded 23 and 17 studies for CQ and HCQ, respectively, that satisfied our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, we performed meta-analysis on the ones that were placebo-controlled, which included 6 studies for CQ and 14 studies for HCQ. We did not limit our analysis to published reports involving viral treatment alone; data also included the usage of either CQ or HCQ for the treatment of other diseases. The trials for the CQ consisted of a total of 2,137 participants (n=1,077 CQ, n=1,060 placebo), while the trials for HCQ involved 1,096 participants (n=558 HCQ and n=538 placebo). The overall mild or total AEs were statistically higher comparing CQ or HCQ to placebo. The AEs were further categorized into four groups and analyses revealed that neurologic, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and ophthalmic AEs were higher in participants taking CQ compared to placebo. Although this was not evident in HCQ treated groups, further analyses suggested that there were more AEs attributed to other organ system that were not included in the categorized meta-analyses. Additionally, meta-regression analyses revealed that total AEs was affected by dosage for the CQ group.ConclusionsTaken together, we found that participants taking either CQ or HCQ have more AEs than participants taking placebo. Precautionary measures should be taken when using these drugs to treat COVID-19.

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Major Complications between Traditional Pacemakers and Leadless Pacemakers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cardiac Perforation ◽  
Major Complications ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Reported Data

Objectives: We aim to compare the major complications between leadless pacemakers and traditional pacemakers.Background: Leadless pacemakers, which are increasingly used in clinical practice, have several advantages compared with traditional pacemakers in avoiding pocket- and lead-related complications. However, the clinical effect of leadless pacemakers remains controversial.Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the CNKI database, and the Wanfang database were searched from July 2013 to December 2019. Studies comparing leadless pacemakers and traditional pacemakers were included. The primary end point was major complications. The secondary end points were cardiac perforation/pericardial effusion, device revision or extraction, loss of device function, and death.Results: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only four of the six studies reported data on major complications.Leadless pacemakers were associated with a lower incidence of major complications (risk ratio 0.33, 95% confidenceinterval 0.25–0.44, P < 0.00001, I² = 49%). We extracted data on cardiac perforation/pericardial effusion, device revisionor extraction, loss of device function, and death from six studies. Our meta-analysis showed that leadless pacemakershave a higher risk of cardiac perforation or pericardial effusion (risk ratio 4.28, 95% confidence interval 1.66–11.08,P = 0.003, I² = 0%). No statistically significant differences were found for mortality, device revision or extraction, andloss of device function.Conclusion: Compared with traditional pacemakers, leadless pacemakers have a significantly decreased risk of majorcomplications, but have a higher risk of cardiac perforation or pericardial effusion.

scholarly journals Anti–PD-1 and Anti–PD-L1 in Head and Neck Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Botticelli ◽  
Alessio Cirillo ◽  
Lidia Strigari ◽  
Filippo Valentini ◽  
Bruna Cerbelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinoma ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Central Register

ObjectiveThe monoclonal antibodies anti-programmed death protein-1 (anti–PD-1) nivolumab and pembrolizumab are the first immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) approved for treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck carcinoma R/M HNSCC in first line and in platinum refractory disease. This network meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy of anti–PD-1- vs anti–PD-L1-based therapy in R/M HNSCC cancer patients through a systematic review of the literature to provide support for evidence-based treatment decisions. In particular, the effectiveness of ICIs for R/M HNSCC is analyzed according to the different mechanisms of action of the check-points inhibitory drugs in different subgroups of patients.MethodsWe did a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science. Our search identified a total of five randomized controlled trials: Keynote 040, Keynote 048, Eagle, Condor, Checkmate 141. These trials included 3001 patients. Treatment was sub-categorized into PD-L1–based, PD-1–based, and standard chemotherapy. Treatments were indirectly compared with anti–PD-L1-based therapy.ResultsThe network meta-analysis demonstrated no significant differences in OS between different subgroups except for the metastatic patients in which anti–PD-1-based therapy was associated with significantly less risk of death. Furthermore, anti–PD-1-based therapy appeared to be effective in smoker patients and in human papilloma–negative (HPV) patients. Conversely, anti–PD-L1-based therapy seems to be better efficient in female patients, in locally recurrent setting and in HPV positive patients.ConclusionThis is the first NMA study that aimed to indirectly compare anti–PD-1- and anti–PD-L1-based therapy in HNSCC patients. The results of our NMA could help define a profile of patient responder or resistant to specific classes of immune drugs and can be used to guide/design future studies in the novel scenario of precision immune-oncology.

Immune-related adverse events and efficacy outcomes in patients treated with immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Eric Druyts ◽  
Mark Boye ◽  
Himani Agg ◽  
Catherine Muehlenbein ◽  
Andrew Frederickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Central Register

92 Background: Immunotherapy (IO) can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Evidence on the association of irAEs and efficacy is limited. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception to July 1, 2019) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting irAEs, incidence and efficacy data for pembrolizumab (PEM), nivolumab (NIVO), ipilimumab (IPI), atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and aldesleukin in lung, renal, head and neck cancer, and melanomas. RCTs assessing IO monotherapy or IO combinations in at least one arm were included. Evaluated outcomes were 1) irAE incidence (rash, pruritis, diarrhea, colitis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, transaminitis, hypophysitis, pneumonitis, arthralgia, anemia, and hepatitis); and 2) efficacy (response and survival). irAE incidence data will be pooled and meta-analysis performed to assess the association of irAEs with efficacy; heterogeneity between RCTs will be evaluated. Results: Fifty RCTs were included: IOs were compared to chemotherapy or chemotherapy-combinations (19), to other interventions (8), to placebo (3), and head-to-head (20). irAE reporting and definitions were heterogeneous across RCTs. The most common all-grade irAEs were skin, GI, and endocrine. For skin irAEs, rash ranged from 0% (PEM 2 mg/kg, n = 6) to 73% (NIVO + IPI, n = 11); pruritus was from 1% (PEM 2 mg/kg, n = 89) to 50% (NIVO + IPI, n = 6). For GI irAEs, diarrhea ranged from 0% (PEM 2 mg/kg, n = 6) to 64% (NIVO + IPI, n = 11); colitis was from 0% (NIVO 3 mg/kg, n = 98) to 23% (NIVO + IPI, n = 94). For endocrine irAEs, hypothyroidism ranged from 0% (NIVO 3 mg/kg, n = 12) to 83% (NIVO + IPI, n = 6), hyperthyroidism was from 0% (PEM 2 mg/kg, n = 6 and IPI 3 mg/kg, n = 46) to 27% (NIVO + IPI, n = 11), and hypophysitis was from 0% (PEM 10 mg/kg, n = 84 and NIVO 3 mg/kg, n = 25) to 26% (NIVO + IPI, n = 35). Liver, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal irAEs, and anemia, were reported less frequently and with lower incidence. Conclusions: irAEs are increasingly reported in IO RCTs, but lack reporting and definition consistency. The meta-analysis results may provide clarity on irAEs incidence and association with efficacy.

scholarly journals Effect of Berry Polyphenols on Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa F Rambaran ◽  
Jonathan Bergman ◽  
Peter Nordström ◽  
Anna Nordström
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Mean Differences

ABSTRACT The effect of berry polyphenols on glucose metabolism has been evaluated in several studies; however, the results are conflicting. A systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of berry polyphenol consumption on glucose metabolism in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials published by June 2019. Of the 3240 articles found, 21 met inclusion criteria. Study-specific effects were calculated as mean differences, which were pooled using fixed-effect, inverse-variance weighting. Overall, berry polyphenol consumption did not have a clear effect on biomarkers of glucose metabolism compared with placebo or no treatment. Although some analyses showed statistically significant effects, these effects were too small to be of clinical relevance. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42019130811.

scholarly journals The Effects of Exercise on BDNF Levels in Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6056
Author(s):  
Kesley Pablo Morais de Azevedo ◽  
Victor Hugo de Oliveira ◽  
Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva de Medeiros ◽  
Ádala Nayana de Sousa Mata ◽  
Daniel Ángel García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to analyze the evidence available in the literature about the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in adolescents. The literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SportDiscus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and CINAHL. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials performed with adolescents (10–19 years) who underwent different exercise programs and who evaluated BDNF levels before and after the intervention were included. We included six studies, four RCTs and two non-RCTs in the systematic review with a total of 407 adolescents. In two randomized trials and one non-RCT, the intervention groups showed significant improvements in BDNF levels compared with the control group. The results presented in the meta-analysis indicate that despite the positive effect in favor of the intervention, there were no significant differences (standardized mean difference 0.28 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval −0.28 to 0.85; p = 0.32, I² = 0%). The results presented in our review indicate that aerobic exercise programs practiced in moderate- or high-intensity are promising strategies to increase BDNF levels in adolescents. However, further studies are required to support this finding.

scholarly journals The Effects of Probiotic/Synbiotic on Serum Level of Zonulin as a Biomarker of Intestinal Permeability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein RAMEZANI AHMADI ◽  
Mehdi SADEGHIAN ◽  
Meysam ALIPOUR ◽  
Samira AHMADI TAHERI ◽  
Sepideh RAHMANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Central Register ◽  
High Level

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a conclusive result on the influence of probiotics/synbiotic on serum levels of zonulin. Data related to serum levels of zonulin were extracted to determine the effects of probiotic/synbiotic on intestinal permeability. Methods: The literature search was conducted across the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science, Search up to Nov 2018. Clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotic/synbiotic on serum zonulin levels of all human subjects were included. Results: Nine studies (including 496 intervention and 443 control subjects) met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, probiotic/synbiotic has a significant effect on serum zonulin reduction (WMD=-10.55 [95% CI: -17.76, -3.34]; P=0.004). However, the high level of heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2=97.8, P<0.001). The subgroup analysis suggested study quality, blinding, study duration, Participants age, subject's health status and supplement type as sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: Probiotic/synbiotic have favorable effects on serum levels of zonulin as a measure of intestinal permeability. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the high heterogeneity and further evidence is required before definitive recommendations can be made.

scholarly journals Effect of diuretics on plasma aldosterone and potassium in primary hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan McNally ◽  
Bushra Farukh ◽  
P J Chowienczyk ◽  
Luca Faconti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Central Register

Aim: Different to inhibitory drugs of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), diuretics are known to decrease blood pressure (BP) and stimulate renin release by the kidneys. Despite plasma aldosterone (PA) level is mostly regulated by the RAAS activity, serum potassium has been shown to be an important factor in animal models and humans. Here we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials investigating the effects of diuretic therapy on PA and its correlation with change in potassium and BP. Methods: Three databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Titles were firstly screened by title and abstract for relevancy before full-text articles were assessed for eligibility according to a pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 1139 articles were retrieved of which 45 met the pre-specified inclusion/exclusion criteria. The average standardised difference in mean PA change was similar for all classes of diuretic (mean, 95% CI); thiazide/thiazide-like 0.304 (0.169, 0.440), loop 0.927 (0.37, 1.49), MRA/potassium-sparing 0.264 (0.174, 0.355) and combination 0.466 (0.142, 0.789), Q = 6.475, P = 0.091. In subjects previously untreated with another antihypertensive, there was a significant relationship between PA change and change in systolic BP but no relationship with the change in potassium. Conclusion: In RCTs of diuretic therapy in hypertension, there is an increase in PA with all classes of diuretic and no between-class heterogeneity. Change in PA is not related with potassium but correlates to the change in BP in subjects previously untreated with another antihypertensive medication.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Atropine to Control Myopia Progression: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congling Zhao ◽  
Chunyan Cai ◽  
Qiang Ding ◽  
Hongbin Dai
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Atropine Treatment ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Purpose: To systematically evaluate the safety and effectiveness of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia.Methods: This work was done through the data search from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The Cochrane Handbook was also used to evaluate the quality of these included studies. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 software.Results: A total of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Myopia progression was mitigated in the atropine treatment group, with MD = -0.80, 95% CI (-0.94, -0.66). There was a statistical difference between 0.05%, 0.5%, and 1.0% atropine (P = 0.004). In addition, axial elongation was slowed, with MD = -0.26, 95% CI (-0.33, -0.18).Conclusion: The effect of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia was dose-dependent. A 0.05% atropine was most likely to be the optimal dose.

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