Disruptive Effect of Organotin on Thyroid Gland Function Might Contribute to Hypothyroidism

A considerable increase in endocrine abnormalities has been reported over the last few decades worldwide. A growing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can be one of the causes of endocrine disorders in populations, and these disorders are not only restricted to the metabolic hormone system but can also cause abnormal functions. Thyroid hormone (TH) disruption is defined as an abnormal change in TH production, transport, function, or metabolism, which results in some degree of impairment in body homeostasis. Many EDCs, including organotin compounds (OTCs), are environmental contaminants that are commonly found in antifouling paints used on ships and in several other industrial procedures. OTCs are obesogenic and can disrupt TH metabolism; however, abnormalities in thyroid function resulting from OTC exposure are less well understood. OTCs, one of the most prevalent EDCs that are encountered on a daily basis, modulate the thyroid axis. In most toxicology studies, it has been reported that OTCs might contribute to hypothyroidism.

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OctylPhenol (OP) Alone and in Combination with NonylPhenol (NP) Alters the Structure and the Function of Thyroid Gland of the Lizard Podarcis siculus

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00244-021-00823-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 567-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosaria Sciarrillo ◽

Mariana Di Lorenzo ◽

Salvatore Valiante ◽

Luigi Rosati ◽

Maria De Falco

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Control Group ◽

Type Ii ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽

Podarcis Siculus ◽

Thyroid Axis ◽

By Products

Abstract Different environmental contaminants disturb the thyroid system at many levels. AlkylPhenols (APs), by-products of microbial degradation of AlkylPhenol Polyethoxylates (APEOs), constitute an important class of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), the two most often used environmental APs being 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on the thyroid gland of the bioindicator Podarcis siculus of OP alone and in combination with NP. We used radioimmunoassay to determine their effects on plasma 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), 3,3′,5,5′-L-thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) levels in adult male lizards. We also investigated the impacts of AP treatments on hepatic 5′ORD (type II) deiodinase and hepatic content of T3 and T4. After OP and OP + NP administration, TRH levels increased, whereas TSH, T3, and T4 levels decreased. Lizards treated with OP and OP + NP had a higher concentration of T3 in the liver and 5′ORD (type II) activity, whereas T4 concentrations were lower than that observed in the control group. Moreover, histological examination showed that the volume of the thyroid follicles became smaller in treated lizards suggesting that that thyroid follicular epithelial cells were not functionally active following treatment. This data collectively suggest a severe interference with hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis and a systemic imbalance of thyroid hormones. Graphic Abstract

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Disruption by stealth - Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal crosstalk with thyroid axis function in humans and other animals

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2021.111906 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111906

Author(s):

Anita A. Thambirajah ◽

Michael G. Wade ◽

Jonathan Verreault ◽

Nicolas Buisine ◽

Verônica A. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Thyroid Axis ◽

Hormonal Crosstalk

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The pituitary-thyroid axis in severe falciparum malaria: evidence for depressed thyrotroph and thyroid gland function

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1016/0035-9203(90)90305-x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 330-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Timothy M.E. Davis ◽

Wichai Supanaranond ◽

Sasithon Pukrittayakamee ◽

Sanjeev Krishna ◽

Gillian R. Hart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Thyroid Gland Function ◽

Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽

Thyroid Axis ◽

Gland Function ◽

Severe Falciparum Malaria

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Urinary bisphenol A levels in Turkish girls with premature thelarche

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327118756720 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 1007-1016 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E Durmaz ◽

A Asci ◽

P Erkekoglu ◽

A Balcı ◽

I Bircan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Breast Development ◽

Control Group ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Pediatric Endocrinology ◽

Premature Thelarche ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Prepubertal Girls

There is a growing concern over the timing of pubertal breast development and its possible association with exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is abundantly used to harden plastics. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between premature thelarche (PT) and BPA by comparing the urinary BPA levels of PT girls with those of healthy subjects. Twenty-five newly diagnosed nonobese PT subjects (aged 4–8 years) who were admitted to the Pediatric Endocrinology Department at Akdeniz University were recruited. The control group composed of 25 age-matched girls without PT and other endocrine disorders. Urinary BPA levels were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. The median urinary concentrations of BPA were found to be significantly higher in the PT group compared to the healthy control group (3.2 vs. 1.62 μg/g creatinine, p < 0.05). We observed a weak positive correlation between uterus volume and urinary BPA levels. There was a weak correlation between estradiol and urinary BPA levels ( r = 0.166; p = 0.37); and luteinizing hormone and urinary BPA levels ( r = 0.291; p = 0.08) of PT girls. Our results suggest that exposure to BPA might be one of the underlying factors of early breast development in prepubertal girls and EDCs may be considered as one of the etiological factors in the development of PT.

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The mosaic effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals mixtures on thyroid hormone levels: experimental study

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.70.oc8.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandra Buha ◽

Vesna Milovanovic ◽

Zorica Bulat ◽

Biljana Antonijevic

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Thyroid Hormone Levels

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Exposure to Indoor Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Childhood Asthma and Obesity

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2020-023861u ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 146 (Supplement 4) ◽

pp. S333.1-S333

Author(s):

Stuart L. Abramson

Keyword(s):

Childhood Asthma ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Endocrine Disrupting

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Sex-specific enhanced behavioral toxicity induced by maternal exposure to a mixture of low dose endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725254111.793504008 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Martin van den Berg ◽

Milou Dingemans

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Maternal Exposure ◽

Behavioral Toxicity ◽

Endocrine Disrupting

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Effect of Polyphosphate on Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals of Nonylphenol and Bisphenol-A by Activated Carbons

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2005.052 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 484-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Keun J. Choi ◽

Sang G. Kim ◽

Chang W. Kim ◽

Seung H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Dipole Interaction ◽

High Affinity ◽

Calcium Polyphosphate ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Positively Charged

Abstract This study examined the effect of polyphosphate on removal of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as nonylphenol and bisphenol-A by activated carbons. It was found that polyphosphate aided in the removal of nonylphenol and bisphenol- A. Polyphosphate reacted with nonylphenol, likely through dipole-dipole interaction, which then improved the nonylphenol removal. Calcium interfered with this reaction by causing competition. It was found that polyphosphate could accumulate on carbon while treating a river. The accumulated polyphosphate then aided nonylphenol removal. The extent of accumulation was dependent on the type of carbon. The accumulation occurred more extensively with the wood-based used carbon than with the coal-based used carbon due to the surface charge of the carbon. The negatively charged wood-based carbon attracted the positively charged calcium-polyphosphate complex more strongly than the uncharged coal-based carbon. The polyphosphate-coated activated carbon was also effective in nonylphenol removal. The effect was different depending on the type of carbon. Polyphosphate readily attached onto the wood-based carbon due to its high affinity for polyphosphate. The attached polyphosphate then improved the nonylphenol removal. However, the coating failed to attach polyphosphate onto the coal-based carbon. The nonylphenol removal performance of the coal-based carbon remained unchanged after the polyphosphate coating.

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