scholarly journals Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Baillonella toxisperma Stem Bark on Dexamethasone-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Marius Trésor Wego ◽  
Sylviane Laure Poualeu Kamani ◽  
David Miaffo ◽  
Moise Legentil Nchouwet ◽  
Albert Kamanyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Phytochemical Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of Baillonella toxisperma stem bark on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rats. A quantitative phytochemical study was done on the aqueous extract of Baillonella toxisperma for the total phenol, flavonoid, and flavonol determination. Insulin resistance was induced by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) for 8 days, one hour before oral administration of different treatments (extract at doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg and metformin at 40 mg/kg). During the test, body weight and blood glucose level were evaluated on days 1 and 8. At the last day of treatment, the glucose tolerance test was performed in rats; after that, blood samples were collected for triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterols, transaminases (ALT and AST), and total protein level determination. Organs (heart, liver, pancreas, and kidneys) were also collected for the relative organ weight determination. The results showed that the aqueous extract of B. toxisperma is rich in total phenols, flavonoids, and flavonols. This extract significantly reversed the metabolic alterations (lipid profile, protein level, and transaminase activity) induced by dexamethasone in rats. At doses of 120 and 60 mg/kg, Baillonella toxisperma also significantly decreases (p<0.05; p<0.01) postprandial hyperglycemia in insulin resistance rats. The results suggest that Baillonella toxisperma can manage insulin resistance and may be useful for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester v. oleic acid-rich safflower oil on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic model rats with hypertriacylglycerolaemi

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Minami ◽  
Noriko Ishimura ◽  
Sadaichi Sakamoto ◽  
Eiko Takishita ◽  
Kazuaki Mawatari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oletf Rats ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The purpose of the present study was to test whether hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats can be improved by dietary supplementation with purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or oleic acid (OA). Male OLETF rats were fed powdered chow (510 g fat/kg) alone (n 8) or chow supplemented with 1·0 g EPA- (n 8) or OA- (n 8) rich oil/kg per d from 5 weeks until 30 weeks of age. An oral glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp was performed at 25 and 30 weeks of age. EPA supplementation resulted in significantly (P<0.05) reduced plasma lipids, hepatic triacylglycerols, and abdominal fat deposits, and more efficient in vivo glucose disposal compared with OA supplementation and no supplementation. OA supplementation was associated with significantly increased insulin response to oral glucose compared with EPA supplementation and no supplementation. Inverse correlation was noted between glucose uptake and plasma triacylglycerol levels (r -0·86, P<0·001) and abdominal fat volume (r -0·80, P<0·001). The result of oral glucose tolerance test study showed that the rats fed EPA tended to improve glucose intolerance, although this was not statistically significant. Levels of plasma insulin at 60 min after glucose was significantly increased in rats fed OA compared with the other two groups. The results indicate that long-term feeding of EPA might be effective in preventing insulin resistance in diabetes-prone rats, at least in part, due to improving hypertriacylglycerolaemia.

scholarly journals Statins Are Associated With Increased Insulin Resistance and Secretion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahim Abbasi ◽  
Cindy Lamendola ◽  
Chelsea S. Harris ◽  
Vander Harris ◽  
Ming-Shian Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Median Increase

Objective: Statin treatment reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but is associated with a modest increased risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in those with insulin resistance or prediabetes. Our objective was to determine the physiological mechanism for the increased type 2 diabetes risk. Approach and Results: We conducted an open-label clinical trial of atorvastatin 40 mg daily in adults without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes at baseline. The co-primary outcomes were changes at 10 weeks versus baseline in insulin resistance as assessed by steady-state plasma glucose during the insulin suppression test and insulin secretion as assessed by insulin secretion rate area under the curve (ISR AUC ) during the graded-glucose infusion test. Secondary outcomes included glucose and insulin, both fasting and during oral glucose tolerance test. Of 75 participants who enrolled, 71 completed the study (median age 61 years, 37% women, 65% non-Hispanic White, median body mass index, 27.8 kg/m 2 ). Atorvastatin reduced LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol (median decrease 53%, P <0.001) but did not change body weight. Compared with baseline, atorvastatin increased insulin resistance (steady-state plasma glucose) by a median of 8% ( P =0.01) and insulin secretion (ISR AUC ) by a median of 9% ( P <0.001). There were small increases in oral glucose tolerance test glucose AUC (median increase, 0.05%; P =0.03) and fasting insulin (median increase, 7%; P =0.01). Conclusions: In individuals without type 2 diabetes, high-intensity atorvastatin for 10 weeks increases insulin resistance and insulin secretion. Over time, the risk of new-onset diabetes with statin use may increase in individuals who become more insulin resistant but are unable to maintain compensatory increases in insulin secretion. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02437084.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test with Insulin Assay and the evaluation of Insulin Resistance and Impaired Beta-cell function in primary prevention for Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Background: Insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many insulin resistance and beta-cell function indices have been developed using the data from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with insulin assay. However, insulin assays are not widely used along with the OGTT in primary prevention outpatient clinics. We aimed to evaluate the association of having impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), isolated or combined, with insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function in subjects at risk for T2DM. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 376 subjects who underwent an OGTT who had at least two risk factors for T2DM without any chronic disease. Results: Participants were 51.6±8.2 years old, 71.8% were women, had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.1±6.5 kg/m2, 42.4% had obesity and 26.7% hypertension. A HOMA-IR ≥2.5 was independently associated with male sex, BMI>25kg/m2, and with isolatedIFG, isolated-IGT, or combined (p<0.05 for all). On the other hand, only overweight, but not obesity, was independently associated with impaired beta-cell function (disposition index <1.24). Additionally, combined IFG and IGT had 29.7 higher odds to have impaired beta-cell function compared with those that had a normal OGTT. Conclusions: IFG alone, IGT alone, or the presence of both, are associated with higher odds to have insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function in asymptomatic subjects at risk for T2DM without any chronic disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate this associations with the risk to develop T2DM, cardiovascular events and mortality.

Familiality of metabolic abnormalities is dependent on age at onset and phenotype of the type 2 diabetic proband

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (6) ◽  
pp. E1297-E1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tripathy ◽  
E. Lindholm ◽  
B. Isomaa ◽  
C. Saloranta ◽  
T. Tuomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

To determine the impact of a family history of the common form of type 2 diabetes and the phenotype of the proband on anthropometric and metabolic variables in normoglycemic first-degree relatives, we studied 2,100 first-degree relatives of patients with the common form of type 2 diabetes (FH+) and 388 subjects without a family history of diabetes (FH–). All subjects participated in an oral glucose tolerance test to allow measurement of insulin secretion [30-min incremental insulin/glucose (I/G 30)] and insulin sensitivity [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance (IR)]. A subset participated in a euglycemic clamp ( n = 75) and an intravenous glucose tolerance test ( n = 300). To study the effect of a particular phenotype of the proband, insulin secretion and sensitivity were also compared between first-degree relatives of diabetic probands with high and low waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and probands with early and late onset of diabetes. FH+ subjects were more insulin resistant, as seen from a higher HOMA-IR index ( P = 0.006) and a lower rate of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake ( P = 0.001) and had more features of the metabolic syndrome ( P = 0.02, P = 0.0002) compared with FH– subjects. Insulin secretion adjusted for insulin resistance (disposition index, DI) was also lower in the FH+ vs. FH– subjects ( P = 0.04). Relatives of diabetic probands with a high WHR had reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake compared with relatives of probands with a low WHR ( P = 0.04). Relatives of diabetic patients with age at onset <44 yr had higher HOMA IR ( P < 0.005) and lower DI ( P < 0.005) than relatives of patients with age at onset >65 yr (highest quartile). We conclude that early age at onset of type 2 diabetes and abdominal obesity have a significant influence on the metabolic phenotype in the nondiabetic first-degree relative.

scholarly journals QOL-43. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC CHANGES IN CHILDREN TREATED FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii439-iii439
Author(s):  
Alexey Kalinin ◽  
Natalia Strebkova ◽  
Olga Zheludkova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Abstract We examined 63 patients (40 males/23 females) after complex treatment of medulloblastoma. Patients had a median age (range) of 11.3 (5.5 ÷ 17.9) years. The median time after the end of treatment was 3.7 (1.5 ÷ 11.6) years. Endocrine disorders were detected with the following frequency: growth hormone deficiency - 98.41% (62 of 63 patients), thyroid hormone deficiency – 69.8% (44/63), adrenal hormone deficiency - 17.4% (11/63). Three cases (4.7%) of premature sexual development were also detected. Lipids levels, beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) during 2-h oral glucose tolerance test were evaluated. A mono frequent bioelectrical impedanciometer was used to measure body composition. Overweight (SDS BMI&gt; 1) was observed only in 16 patients (3 girls and 13 boys), obesity (SDS BMI&gt; 2) in 1 boy. Dyslipidemia was found in 34 patients (54%). All patients underwent oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance (ISI Matsuda &lt;2.5 and/or HOMA-IR&gt; 3.2) was detected in 7 patients (11/1%), impaired glucose tolerance (120 min glucose ≥7.8 mmol / l) was observed in 2 patients with IR and in 2 patients without IR. At the same time, IR and impaired glucose tolerance were encountered in only 5 children with overweight and no one with obesity. All patients with impaired glucose tolerance had normal values of fasting glucose (4.3 ÷ 5.04 mmol / l) and HbA1c (4.8 ÷ 5.8%). A bioelectrical impedanciometer was used to measure body composition in 49 cases, the percentage of adipose tissue was increased in 14 patients (28%) with normal BMI.

No Correlation of Pancreatic Fat and β-Cell Function in Young Women With and Without a History of Gestational Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 3260-3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Popp ◽  
Stephanie Aertsen ◽  
Charlotte Luetke-Daldrup ◽  
Eva Coppenrath ◽  
Holger Hetterich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Pancreatic Fat ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Pancreatic Fat Content

Abstract Context Pancreatic steatosis may contribute to β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but data are controversial. Women who had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk for developing T2D. Objective To examine the association of pancreatic fat content with early/first-phase insulin secretion (as markers of β-cell function). Design Cross-sectional analysis of a subcohort of the monocentric, prospective cohort study titled Prediction, Prevention, and Subclassification of Type 2 Diabetes. Setting Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Munich, Germany. Participants Ninety-seven women, 3 to 16 months after pregnancy [41 normoglycemic women post-GDM, 19 women post-GDM with pathological glucose metabolism, and 37 normoglycemic women after a normoglycemic pregnancy (controls)]. Main Outcome Measures Correlation of MRI-measured pancreatic fat content with early insulin release in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGGT) [insulin increment within the first 30 minutes of the OGTT (IR30)] and first-phase insulin response (FPIR) in an intravenous glucose tolerance test (n = 65), both adjusted for insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Results Pancreatic fat content did not correlate with IR30 and FPIR adjusted for ISI. It correlated positively with body mass index, waist circumference, liver fat, and intraabdominal fat volume. Conclusion Pancreatic fat content does not correlate with β-cell function in a cohort of young women with different degrees of T2D risk.

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