scholarly journals Impact of High-Altitude on Truck’s Climbing Speed: Case study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Area in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tian Lei ◽  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Xingli Jia ◽  
Leyu Wei ◽  
Lin Tian
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Plateau Area ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Altitudes

Truck’s climbing performance is an important consideration in traffic safety, efficiency, and highway geometric design. With the infrastructure development in high-altitude area in China, more attention needs to be paid on truck’s climbing performance in such area. In this article, truck’s climbing speed in high-altitude area was examined through field tests on different grade sections at different altitudes. Truck’s speed-distance curves were built at different altitudes and the impact of altitude on truck’s climbing speed was explored based on the test results. It was shown that, within the altitude range of 3000~5000m, altitude had an obvious influence on test truck’s decelerating and accelerating performance. Truck’s speed decreased faster on steep grades and increased slower on gentle grades with the increase of the altitude. Also, the stable speed that test truck could maintain on a certain grade was lower at a higher altitude. In addition, test truck’s theoretical speed-distance curves at the sea level were estimated through truck’s dynamic model. Compared with the theoretical crawl speed, a negative effect of altitude change (from 0 to the altitude above 3000 m) was found on truck’s climbing performance.

scholarly journals Classification of Driving Fatigue in High-Altitude Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Duan ◽  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Han Ru ◽  
Menghui Li
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
Driving Fatigue ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Driving fatigue is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. Thus, to prevent traffic accidents and ensure traffic safety, the properties of driving fatigue at the wheel must be determined. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China is known for its high elevation, causing hypoxia, and presence of severely cold areas; all these easily lead to fatigue during driving. This, in turn, seriously affects the traffic safety on the high-altitude highway. Therefore, the factors leading to driving fatigue and the influence of high-altitude on driving fatigue affecting the driver must be further studied. In this study, we classified and quantified driving fatigue according to the driving fatigue degree. We determined three levels of driving fatigues (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe fatigues) to present their influence on drivers. Our study shows that in this high-altitude area, drivers became fatigued within a significantly shorter time.

scholarly journals Comparison of thermoregulation and metabolic characteristics in Phrynocephalus vlangalii (Lacertilia, Agamidae) from different altitudes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Tang ◽  
Huihui Wang ◽  
Qiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Proton Leak ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Different Altitudes

Abstract Background: Exploring thermoregulation and metabolic characteristics responses to high altitudes is important for understanding ectothermic animal high-altitude adaptation mechanisms. However, how could these species compensate for adverse environmental impacts are controversial and poorly understood. In the present study, the selected body temperature, mitochondrial consumption, proton leak and enzyme activity of a lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii from different altitudes (Maduo and Golmud, with altitude at 4270 and 2750 m, respectively) were analyzed to investigate the thermoregulatory and metabolic regulation strategies of this native high-altitude lizard at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Results:The results indicated that the Maduo population had a faster heating rate and selected significantly lower body temperatures than those of the Golmud population. The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates in both the liver and skeletal muscle of the Maduo population were significantly lower than those of the Golmud population, but the thermal sensitivity of skeletal muscle mitochondrial in Maduo population was significantly lower than that in Golmud population. The proton leak of liver mitochondria in the Maduo population account for a lower percentage of state III than that of the Golmud population (11.4~14.6% VS. 22.5~25.1%), which indicate a higher ATP production in liver mitochondria. The results of three enzyme activities reflect significant both tissue- and population specificity. Especially, a low ratio of LDH/CS and HOAD/CS in the liver of the Maduo population indicating that metabolism of the liver mainly depended on aerobic metabolism and especially the use of carbohydrate as a metabolic substrate in Maduo population.Conclusions: These distinct variable characteristics between two populations of P. vlangalii could be considered important strategies in thermoregulation and metabolic regulation for living at different altitudes and could be especially necessary for lizards to effectively compensate for the negative influence of cold and hypoxia at high altitude.

The Impact of Metformin Exposure on Lactate Level in Tibetan Type 2 Diabetes Living at High-Altitude Area

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1197-P
Author(s):  
YINGYING LUO ◽  
YANYAN GENG ◽  
QIAN REN ◽  
LINGLI ZHOU ◽  
XUEMEI LV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
The Impact

Prospects and Impediments of Railway Infrastructure Development in Ghana: Impact of Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 097493062110585
Author(s):  
Iddrisu Mohammed Awal ◽  
Abdelhak Senadjki ◽  
Au Yong Hui Nee
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
The Impact

There is limited understanding concerning the practicable challenges that could impede the developmental process of railway infrastructure projects, and the possible negative effect of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) technology in Ghana. Given that the majority of the population are unfamiliar with the newly planned railway system. Our research intends to contribute towards the development of human capital and elevating the standard of living through the assertion of productive policies to ensure rapid infrastructure development by highlighting not only the socio-economic impact, but the negative impact of the railway infrastructure in the society. Also, this study discusses the possible challenges that could hinder the railway infrastructure development process. This study employs face-to-face interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) interview sessions that assimilate 35 respondents. Data collected is transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. The findings reveal that corruption, unstable political discourse, lack of modern technology, and the impact of the Covid19 pandemic are among the critical challenges to hinder the progress and completion of the railway infrastructure development. By-laws should be designated ensuring that every uncompleted national project must be completed and not abandoned by the successive governments regardless of political differences. JEL Classifications: R4, O1, Q18, Q55, Q51

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis on Minimum Safe Distance for Platooning Vehicles Based on Field Test of Communication Delay

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mengyan Hu ◽  
Xiangmo Zhao ◽  
Fei Hui ◽  
Bin Tian ◽  
Zhigang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Communication Delay ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minimum Safe Distance

Vehicle platooning is a perspective technique for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) use dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) to form a convoy, in which the following vehicles can receive the information from their preceding vehicles to achieve safe automated driving and maintain a short headway. Consequently, a vehicle platoon can improve traffic safety and efficiency, further reducing fuel consumption. However, emergency braking inevitably occurs when the platoon meets an accident or a sudden mechanical failure. It is more critical when the wireless communication got delays. Therefore, “how to predefine a minimum safe distance (MSD) considering communication delay” is a challenging issue. To this end, a series of field tests were carried out to measure the communication delay of IEEE 802.11p that is the underlying protocol of DSRC. Subsequently, MSD is modeled and analyzed when the platoon travels at accelerating, cruising, and decelerating states. More importantly, the results of field tests are applied in the models to investigate the impact of communication delay on MSD in practice. The simulation results verify that the proposed model can effectively maintain the platooning vehicles’ safety even if emergency braking happens with certain communication delays.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense Incident on Tourism Risk Perception and Attitude Change of Chinese Tourists Traveling to South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Taeyoung Cho ◽  
Huanjiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
South Korea ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
The Impact

The crisis event, which is one of the factors that occur most frequently, affects the sustainable development of tourism. Aiming to investigate the impact of a terminal high altitude area defense (THAAD) incident on tourism risk perception, destination image, attitude change and behavior intention of Chinese citizens planning to travel to South Korea, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1000 Chinese citizens. By using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and a structural equation model on the survey data, the results showed that (1) tourist destination risk perception exerted a negative effect on tourism image, culture image, and stability image of the destination; (2) the risk perception of tourists on tourism destinations would lead to a change in tourism attitudes, as Chinese citizens who planned to travel to South Korea considered changing their tourist destinations due to the THAAD incident; and (3) the increased risk perception of tourists on destinations had negative effects on behavior intention. Chinese citizens’ intention to travel to Korea was reduced after the THAAD incident. This study is of great importance for the sustainable development of tourism between China and Korea and provided a reference for improving risk management strategy for a tourism destination.

scholarly journals Driver’s Attitudes about the Impact of Caffeine and Energy Drinks on Road Traffic Safety

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Pešić ◽  
Boris Antić ◽  
Davor Brčić ◽  
Jelica Davidović
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
The Impact

Large amounts of energy drinks and caffeine, which is the main ingredient of energy drinks, produce a negative effect on the drivers, and therefore affect traffic safety.In order to determine the attitudes of drivers toward the impact of energy drinks and caffeine, a research was conducted using a questionnaire form and the targeted group of the survey were drivers. The research was conducted in the City of Belgrade in December 2012. There were 420 survey papers distributed to drivers of different age groups of which 412 were returned. The survey was completely anonymous and consisted of two parts. The first part was related to basic demographic information about the respondents and it had 8 closed type questions. These questions were responded by circling one of the offered answers. The second part of the survey referred to determining the driver’s attitudes about energy drinks and caffeine. The second part consisted of 26 questions and respondents were to use a five-level scale in order to show to what extent they agree or disagree with any of the listed statements.The results show that energy drinks are consumed mostly by young people, less than 25 years old. The effect of caffeine on gender is statistically significant. Headache is the reason why caffeine (25%) is consumed more than energy drinks (8%).Major impact of energy drinks and caffeine on road safety indicates a required activity in this area such as education.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Differences of Jersey Cattle in Different High-Altitude Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Kong ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Chuanshe Zhou ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Yuzhong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Homeostasis ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
Different Altitudes

In high-altitude area, hypoxia is a serious stress for humans and other animals, disrupting oxygen homeostasis and thus affecting tissue metabolism. Up to now, there are few reports on the metabolic changes of dairy cows at different altitudes. In this experiment, metabonomics technology and blood biochemical indexes were used to study the metabolic changes of dairy cows in different altitudes. The results showed that the different metabolites were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism showed a negative correlation with increased altitude. The results of this study will enrich the hypoxia-adaptive mechanism of dairy cows in high-altitude areas and provide a theoretical basis for the nutritional regulation of performance and disease treatment of dairy cows in high-altitude areas.

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