scholarly journals N-Butanol Extract of Gastrodia elata Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant- (CFA-) Induced Arthritis Rats via Inhibition of MAPK Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peng He ◽  
Yiwen Hu ◽  
Changzhao Huang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophage

Gastrodia elata is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for centuries to treat rheumatism. Previous studies have confirmed that ethanol extracts of Gastrodia elata have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and the n-butanol fraction exerts a higher inhibitory effect. However, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of Gastrodia elata have not been evaluated. Thus, we assessed the therapeutic effect of the n-butanol extract of Gastrodia elata (BGE) on complete Freund’s adjuvant- (CFA-) induced arthritis rats which were separated into six groups (NOR; MODEL; CFA + dexamethasone (DEX); CFA + 25, 50, 100 mg/kg BGE). The paw swelling, joint radiology, and histology were used to analyze the effect of BGE on delaying the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed via ELISA. In addition, the effect of BGE on nitric oxide (NO) production, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines were detected in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Lastly, the impacts of BGE on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway in CFA rats and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage were examined by western blot analysis. The results show that BGE can significantly reduce paw swelling without losing the body weight of rats. Imaging assessment confirms that BGE can protect cartilage from destruction, as well as reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and synovial proliferation. Moreover, BGE suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines in serum and inhibits the activation of the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK in CFA rats. BGE was also demonstrated to decrease the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The effect of BGE in LPS-induced expression leads to reduced p38 and ERK phosphorylation and also downregulates the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Taken together, BGE exhibits a potential therapeutic effect on CFA rats, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were possibly exerted by regulation of ERK/p38MAPK.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Pineapple Rhizome Bromelain through Downregulation of the NF-κB- and MAPKs-Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Orapin Insuan ◽  
Phornphimon Janchai ◽  
Benchaluk Thongchuai ◽  
Rujirek Chaiwongsa ◽  
Supaporn Khamchun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruit and stem possessing several beneficial properties, particularly anti-inflammatory activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of bromelain are unclear. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and inhibitory molecular mechanisms of crude and purified rhizome bromelains on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of crude bromelain (CB) or purified bromelain (PB), and then treated with LPS. The production levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by Griess and ELISA assays. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-signaling pathway-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. The pre-treatment of bromelain dose-dependently reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, which correlated with downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 expressions. The inhibitory potency of PB was stronger than that of CB. PB also suppressed phosphorylated NF-κB (p65), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun amino-terminal kinases, and p38 proteins in LPS-treated cells. PB then exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPKs-signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of β-thymosin Peptide Derived from Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) on NO and PGE2 Production by Down-Regulating NF-κB in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dukhyun Hwang ◽  
Min-jae Kang ◽  
Mi Jo ◽  
Yong Seo ◽  
Nam Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
Pge2 Production ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophage

β-thymosin is known for having 43 amino acids, being water-soluble, having a light molecular weight and ubiquitous polypeptide. The biological activities of β-thymosin are diverse and include the promotion of wound healing, reduction of inflammation, differentiation of T cells and inhibition of apoptosis. Our previous studies showed that oyster β-thymosin originated from the mantle of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and had antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of oyster β-thymosin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells using human β-thymosin as a control. Oyster β-thymosin inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production as much as human β-thymosin in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. It also showed that oyster β-thymosin suppressed the expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, oyster β-thymosin reduced inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Oyster β-thymosin also suppressed the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and degradation of inhibitory κB (IκB) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that oyster β-thymosin, which is derived from the mantle of the Pacific oyster, has as much anti-inflammatory effects as human β-thymosin. Additionally, oyster β-thymosin suppressed NO production, PGE2 production and inflammatory cytokines expression via NF-κB in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

scholarly journals β-Patchoulene, isolated from patchouli oil, suppresses inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hao Yang ◽  
Yu-Hong Liu ◽  
Jia-Li Liang ◽  
Zhi-Xiu Lin ◽  
Qiu-Lin Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

β-Patchoulene (β-PAE) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from patchouli oil. According to our previous study, β-PAE has anti-inflammatory activity in vivo; however, its anti-inflammatory response still remains unconfirmed in vitro. Therefore, this study is committed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-PAE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. According to our results, pre-treatment with β-PAE significantly decreased the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β while increased the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also revealed that β-PAE could interrupt the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thus decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, these results indicated that β-PAE exerted potent anti-inflammatory activity by maintaining the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as suppressing iNOS and COX-2 signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Membrane-Free Stem Cells against Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-Gamma-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6894
Author(s):  
Mei Tong He ◽  
Hye Sook Park ◽  
Young Sil Kim ◽  
Ah Young Lee ◽  
Eun Ju Cho
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Recently, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are considered to be ideal for application in cell therapy or tissue regeneration, mainly due to their wide availability and easy access. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of membrane-free stem cell extract (MFSC-Ex) derived from ADSCs against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Exposure of RAW macrophages to LPS and IFN-γ stimuli induced high levels of nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. However, pretreatment with MFSC-Ex inhibited LPS/IFN-γ-induced these pro-inflammatory mediators. To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory property of MFSC-Ex, we analyzed nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) protein expressions by Western blotting. Our study showed that treatment of MFSC-Ex significantly down-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 protein expressions. Furthermore, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 was also blocked by treatment with MFSC-Ex, indicating that inhibitory effect of MFSC-Ex on MAPK signaling cascade may attribute to inactivation of NF-κB. From these findings, we suggest that MFSC-Ex exert anti-inflammatory activities, which suppressed LPS/IFN-γ-induced production of NO, COX-2 and PGE2 by regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, MFSC-Ex might provide a new therapeutic opportunity to treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.

Hypothermia Induces Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Inhibits Nitric Oxide and Myeloperoxidase-Mediated Damage in the Hearts of Endotoxemic Rats

CHEST Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 1483-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip O. Scumpia ◽  
Paul J. Sarcia ◽  
Kindra M. Kelly ◽  
Vincent G. DeMarco ◽  
Jeffrey W. Skimming
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Sargassum fulvellumProtects HaCaT Cells and BALB/c Mice from UVB-Induced Proinflammatory Responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Lee ◽  
Gyu Hwan Park ◽  
Eun Mi Ahn ◽  
Chan-Ik Park ◽  
Jung-Hee Jang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Uvb Irradiation ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Sargassum Fulvellum ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Skin Damages

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been reported to induce cutaneous inflammation such as erythema and edema via induction of proinflammatory enzymes and mediators.Sargassum fulvellumis a brown alga of Sargassaceae family which has been demonstrated to exhibit antipyretic, analgesic, antiedema, antioxidant, antitumor, fibrinolytic, and hepatoprotective activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate anti-inflammatory effects of ethylacetate fraction of ethanol extract ofSargassum fulvellum(SFE-EtOAc) in HaCaT keratinocytes and BALB/c mice. In HaCaT cells, SFE-EtOAc effectively inhibited UVB-induced cytotoxicity (60 mJ/cm2) and the expression of proinflammatory proteins such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, SFE-EtOAc significantly reduced UVB-induced production of proinflammatory mediators including prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). In BALB/c mice, topical application of SFE-EtOAc prior to UVB irradiation (200 mJ/cm2) effectively suppressed the UVB-induced protein expression of COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-αand subsequently attenuated generation of PGE2and NO as well. In another experiment, SFE-EtOAc pretreatment suppressed UVB-induced reactive oxygen species production and exhibited an antioxidant potential by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that SFE-EtOAc could be an effective anti-inflammatory agent protecting against UVB irradiation-induced skin damages.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory properties of Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum Elmer in the North of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-307
Author(s):  
Pham Anh Thu ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Son ◽  
Le Thanh Huong ◽  
Nguyen Hai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The North ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Inflammation is the body's homeostatic defense mechanism in which the immune system reacts to remove foreign bodies. Chronic inflammation can increase the risk for additional damage like autoimmune diseases, arthritis, diabetes and can result in death. Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum Elmer distributed widely in Vietnam have been used in traditional medicine for treatment of some gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extracts of A. maximum (AMM) and A. muricarpum Elmer (AMC) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. The total extracts showed that the extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity and potent anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing excessive nitric oxide (NO). The IC50 values of AMC and AMM were found to be 12.67 ± 1.7 µg/mL and 42.7 ± 2.5 µg/mL, respectively. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrated that AMC reduced the inflammatory response in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model via inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 while AMM seemed to modulate the inflammatory effect through the iNOS pathway only. In conclusion, AMM and AMC root extracts might be potential candidates for a study of naturally alternative anti-inflammatory drugs.

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