scholarly journals Cartography and Epidemiological Study of Leishmaniasis Disease in Sefrou Province (2007–2010), Central North of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Zahra Talbi ◽  
Fatiha El Khayyat ◽  
Hajar El Omari ◽  
Saâd Maniar ◽  
Mouhcine Fadil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Case Number

Increasing cases of leishmaniasis disease have been reported during recent years in Sefrou Province, Central North of Morocco. This study presents the epidemiological profile of the provincial population, aims at analyzing the epidemiological profile, and in particular, spatiotemporal follow-up of all cases of leishmaniasis. It is a retrospective analysis of leishmaniasis cases recorded between 2007 and 2010. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20). Over a four-year period, from 2007 to 2010, there were 62 cases of leishmaniasis, 93.12% of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 6.87% of visceral leishmaniasis. The case number of leishmaniasis in the Province of Sefrou varies between 0.165% and 0.0018%. For each type of leishmaniasis, the female sex was the most affected compared to the male sex. This difference cannot be considered statistically significant (χ2 = 0.083, p value = 0.77). For cutaneous leishmaniasis, all age groups were affected with a large percentage: patients aged 0–9 years with 63.11% followed by the age group [10–19] with 24.18%. Visceral leishmaniasis mainly has affected the infant population [0–9] with 83.33%. We have not observed any association between the age classes and the leishmaniasis type (χ2 = 6.20, p value = 0.4). From a spatial point of view, the majority of cases of leishmaniasis was reported in El Menzel region (67 cases) followed by Sefrou (64 cases) and Tazouta (38 cases). There is a statistically significant relationship between the type of leishmaniasis and the studied regions (χ2 = 52; p value <0.001). The study of the epidemiological profile of leishmaniasis cases may be useful in enlightening health authorities to develop screening, treatment, and control strategies to reduce the incidence rate of the disease. Other research studies can be conducted to the dynamics of the vectors of sandflies and their ecology.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in Qom Province, Iran: Report of two cases

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Leyli Zanjirani Farahani ◽  
Abedin Saghafipour ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Behnaz Akhoundi ◽  
Hedayatollah Raufi
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Recurrent Fever ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal parasitic zoonotic worldwide disease, which transmits to humans by the infected Phlebotomine sand fly bite. The common form of VL in Iran is the Mediterranean type with the causative agent of Leishmania infantum, whose main reservoirs are stray and domesticated dogs. The disease has several endemic foci in Iran, mostly seen among children under the age of 10, living in rural areas and nomadic tribes. The first cases of Kala-Azar in Qom province, central Iran, were reported in the year 2001, from the villages of Ghahan district. After conducting VL control strategies in the area, no new cases of the disease had been reported until recently. The cases described here are two 2-year-old girls, living in the urban parts of Qom province, one of whom did not have a history of traveling to known endemic areas of the disease. The patients were admitted to hospital in 2016-2017, complaining from recurrent fever with unrecognized reason, associated with decreased appetite and weight loss. Disease follow-up demonstrated anemia and splenomegaly, which led to diagnosis of VL, and both patients are now fully recovered. VL was presumed to be controlled in Qom province but the present cases indicate that possible VL existence remains in the region. Therefore, urgent studies and periodic monitoring are needed to identify potential reservoirs of VL in the area.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) in Qom Province, Iran: Report of two cases

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyli Zanjirani Farahani ◽  
Abedin Saghafipour ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Behnaz Akhoundi ◽  
Hedayatollah Raufi
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Recurrent Fever ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal parasitic zoonotic worldwide disease, which transmits to humans by the infected Phlebotomine sand fly bite. The common form of VL in Iran is the Mediterranean type with the causative agent of Leishmania infantum, whose main reservoirs are stray and domesticated dogs. The disease has several endemic foci in Iran, mostly seen among children under the age of 10, living in rural areas and nomadic tribes. The first cases of Kala-Azar in Qom province, central Iran, were reported in the year 2001, from the villages of Ghahan district. After conducting VL control strategies in the area, no new cases of the disease had been reported until recently. The cases described here are two 2-year-old girls, living in the urban parts of Qom province, one of whom did not have a history of traveling to known endemic areas of the disease. The patients were admitted to hospital in 2016-2017, complaining from recurrent fever with unrecognized reason, associated with decreased appetite and weight loss. Disease follow-up demonstrated anemia and splenomegaly, which led to diagnosis of VL, and both patients are now fully recovered. VL was presumed to be controlled in Qom province but the present cases indicate that possible VL existence remains in the region. Therefore, urgent studies and periodic monitoring are needed to identify potential reservoirs of VL in the area.

Molecular detection and epidemiology of chicken infectious anaemia virus in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
M. Y. Wani ◽  
K. Dhama ◽  
R. Barathidasan ◽  
V. Gowthaman ◽  
R. Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
And Control ◽  
Young Chicks

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an economically important disease affecting poultry, especially young chicks, characterized by poor weight gain, anemia, immunosuppression and production losses. Recent reports indicate that the virus is emerging and re-emerging worldwide.  Also, scarce reports regarding the molecular detection and epidemiology of virus from India are available. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the virus in the commercial poultry farms of the country employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the suspected 424 field samples tested from 12 different states of the country during the last five years (2007-2012), 311 (73.3%) samples were found positive for CIAV-DNA indicating the wide prevalence of the virus in India. The age wise prevalence of the virus indicated high prevalence in young chicks of up to three weeks (80.3%) of age compared to 3-7 (66.6%) and 7-12 (25%) week age groups. Being an immunosuppressive emerging pathogen circulating among the poultry flocks of the country, suitable prevention and control measures need to be adopted timely. This is a first elaborative report on the molecular epidemiology of CIAV in poultry flocks of the country. Extensive epidemiological studies are suggested to know the magnitude of the virus affecting poultry industry of the country, and design and formulate effective disease prevention and control strategies to reduce economic losses being caused by emerging virus.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: trends and challenges

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2941-2947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Nilce Silveira Maia-Elkhoury ◽  
Waneska A. Alves ◽  
Márcia Leite de Sousa-Gomes ◽  
Joana Martins de Sena ◽  
Expedito A. Luna
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Vector Behavior ◽  
And Control ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

The urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil has been related to environmental changes, migration, interaction and spread of sylvatic reservoirs and infected dogs to areas with no transmission, and adaptation of the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to the peridomiciliary environment. From 1980 to 2005, Brazil recorded 59,129 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, 82.5% of which in the Northeast region. Visceral leishmaniasis gradually spread to other regions of the country: in 1998 these other regions reported 15% of all cases, but by 2005 this proportion had increased to 44%. From 1998 to 2005, indigenous cases were reported in 1,904 different municipalities of the country (34.2%). Reservoir and vector control pose major challenges for disease control, since there is a need for better knowledge of vector behavior in urban areas, and control activities involve high operational costs. In recent years the Brazilian Ministry of Health has supported research on the laboratory diagnosis of infection and disease in humans and dogs, treatment of patients, evaluation of the effectiveness of control strategies, and development of new technologies that could contribute to the surveillance and control of visceral leishmaniasis in the country.

Epidemiological aspects and spatial patterns of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. 1665-1677
Author(s):  
Iolanda Graepp-Fontoura ◽  
David Soeiro Barbosa ◽  
Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento ◽  
Volmar Morais Fontoura ◽  
Adriana Gomes Nogueira Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global And Local

AbstractHuman visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases are important public health problems due to their zoonotic aspect, with high rates of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. The aim of this this study was to identify spatial patterns in both rates of HVL cases in Brazilian states during the period from 2006 to 2015. This is an ecological study, using geoprocessing tools to create choropleth maps, based on secondary data from open access platforms, to identify priority areas for control actions of the disease. Data were collected in 2017 and analysed according to the global and local Moran's I, using TerraView 4.2.2 software. Similar clusters were observed in neighbouring municipalities in thematic maps of HVL, suggesting spatial similarity in the distribution of the disease in humans mainly in the North and Northeast Regions, which concentrate the states with the highest rates of HVL. Heterogeneous spatial patterns were observed in the distribution of HVL, which show municipalities that need higher priority in the intensification of disease surveillance and control strategies.

scholarly journals Forecasting the long-term trend of COVID-19 epidemic using a dynamic model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichao Sun ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Ziheng Zhang ◽  
Shengzhang Lai ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been declared as a pandemic and spread over 200 countries and territories. Forecasting the long-term trend of the COVID-19 epidemic can help health authorities determine the transmission characteristics of the virus and take appropriate prevention and control strategies beforehand. This protocol introduced a new model named Dynamic-Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Quarantined (D-SEIQ), by making appropriate modifications of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered (SEIR) model and integrating machine learning based parameter optimization under epidemiological rational constraints. The model could be applied to forecast the long-term trend of the current COVID-19 epidemic. The parameters obtained by the model could help assess the effectiveness of prevention and intervention strategies on epidemic control in different countries.

scholarly journals Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: revisiting paradigms of epidemiology and control

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Dantas-Torres ◽  
Sinval Pinto Brandão-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

In the last 20 years, despite the known underestimation of cases, Brazil registered a marked increase in the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis. The main goal of this review is to reflect on some aspects of this zoonosis in Brazil and also to encourage the discussion in order to find more viable, effective and affordable strategies to be implemented by the Brazilian Leishmaniasis Control Program. The current situation of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil might be seen as a paradox: the most important aspects of the disease are known, but so far the control of this disease has not yet been achieved. The current control strategies have not been able to prevent the geographical expansion, and even a rise in the incidence and lethality of visceral leishmaniasis. There is a need not only for a better definition of priority areas, but also for the implementation of a fieldwork monitoring system to the disease surveillance that could permit a further evaluation of the control program in areas where visceral leishmaniasis is endemic.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Motivation of Multilayer Control Levels for Microgrids: Synchronization, Voltage and Frequency Restoration Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8355
Author(s):  
Ronald Jackson ◽  
Shamsul Aizam Zulkifli ◽  
Mohamed Benbouzid ◽  
Suriana Salimin ◽  
Mubashir Hayat Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Grid Synchronization ◽  
Future Prediction ◽  
And Control

The current paradigm in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents various technical challenges in terms of reliable operation and control. This paper performs a comprehensive justification of microgrid trends in dominant control strategies. It covers multilayer hierarchical control schemes, which are able to integrate seamlessly with coordinated control strategies. A general overview of the hierarchical control family that includes primary, secondary, tertiary controls is presented. For power sharing accuracy and capability, droop and non-droop-based controllers are comprehensively studied to address further development. The voltage and frequency restoration techniques are discussed thoroughly based on centralized and decentralized method in order to highlights the differences for better comprehend. The comprehensive studies of grid synchronization strategies also overviewed and analyzed under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. The details studies for each control level are displayed to highlight the benefits and shortcomings of each control method. A future prediction from the authors’ point of view is also provided to acknowledge which control is adequate to be adopted in proportion to their products applications and a possibility technique for self-synchronization is given in this paper.

scholarly journals The Retrospective Study of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Diseases and Others Clinical Conditions Diagnosed in Dogs and Cats in Douala City, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kouamo ◽  
Alain Gildas Dongmo Kana ◽  
Carène Chéryle Zebaze Dongmo
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
And Control

Abstract · Background: A good knowledge of the epidemiology of diseases conditions of pet dogs and cats is essential for their prevention and control. Over a period of 5 years (2014 to 2019), a retrospective study was undertaken to establish the prevalence of clinical diseases and others clinical disorders in dogs and cats in Douala city, Cameroon, based on sex, breeds and age. Data were collected from clinical case records of dogs and cats admitted in six private veterinary clinics and analyzed using Chi-Square test statistics.· Results: A total of 2397 clinical conditions were recorded, among them dogs and cats were 2222 (92.7%) and 175 (7.3%), respectively. According to system affected, digestive disorders were found to account significantly (P<0.0001) for 58.3% of the diagnosed cases, followed by skin disorders (13.5%) and musculoskeletal disorders (13.1%). Fourty-six (46) types of clinical diseases were recorded involving nonspecific diseases (dogs 25.1% and cats 19.4%), viral diseases (dogs 16.8%), parasitic diseases (dogs 12.7% and cats 9.7%), protozoan diseases (dogs 2.7%) and bacterial/fungal diseases (dogs 1.4%). For dogs, the most occurring clinical diseases comprised parvovirosis (16%), helminthoses (8.2%), gastroenteritis (7.8%) and poisoning (7.8%), whereas pet cats showed highest prevalence of helminthoses (9.7%), poisoning (5.1%) and dermatitis (2.9%). The sex-wise highest prevalence was observed in male (dogs 67% and cats 59.4%) than female (dogs 33% and cats 40.6%) (p=0.009). Of the dog breeds, Cross breeds (31.7%), local breeds (24.02%) and German shepherd (13.1%) were mostly affected, while highest clinical diseases were found 96 (54.9%) in the local cat breed counterpart. Incidence of diseases were more in puppies (68.7%) and in young cats (75.5%) compare with other age groups.· Conclusions: Most of the clinical diseases/conditions recorded from this study were avoidable cases and they have greater public health significance, demanding veterinary support in order to prevent the risk of zoonosis. This study provides useful information about the major health problems of dogs and cats in Douala City. These results might help to instruct pet owners on preventive measures and to develop supplementary effective disease management and control strategies against pet animal diseases.

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