scholarly journals Analysis on Illegal Crossing Behavior of Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections Based on Bayesian Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Ma ◽  
Siyuan Lu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Illegal Behavior ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Behavior Choice ◽  
And Control ◽  
Behavior Models

Pedestrians do not always comply with the crossing rules of when and/or where to cross the road at signalized intersections. This risky behavior tends to undermine greatly the effectiveness of safety countermeasures at such locations. Thus, it is very important to understand illegal behavior to develop more effective and targeting measures. In order to address the problem, this paper aimed to analyze characteristics of illegal crossings and their impact on behavior choice. Firstly, illegal crossing behaviors at signalized intersections were classified into two categories, including “crossing at a red light” and “crossing outside of a crosswalk.” Secondly, two sets of data were collected to understand the behaviors. One set of data was collected from video-based observation conducted at 3 signalized intersections in Guangzhou, China, capturing 3334 valid illegal crossing cases in total. Another set of data, from a questionnaire survey conducted online, resulted in 275 valid responses. Finally, presentational characteristics of illegal crossings at signalized intersection were analyzed and two Bayesian network-based behavior models were developed to investigate the characteristics and their impacts on the two types of illegal crossing behaviors, “crossing at a red light” and “crossing outside of a crosswalk,” respectively. Findings reveal that, (i) illegal crossings occur at various types of signalized intersections, with a higher probability for “crossing outside of a crosswalk” compared to “crossing at a red light;” (ii) Arc routing crossing has the highest probability to occur at signalized intersections compared to other types of out-side-crosswalk crossings. (iii) The location of origin and destination of a pedestrian has a significant effect on crossing outside of a crosswalk, the location of origin and destination of “one is inside of a crosswalk and another is outside of a crosswalk” has a highest proportion. These findings provide better understanding of illegal crossings and their impact factors so that the effectiveness of management and control of pedestrians at signalized intersections can be improved.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Safety Risk of Rural Roadsides Using a Bayesian Network Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianpei Tang ◽  
Senlai Zhu ◽  
Yuntao Guo ◽  
Xizhao Zhou ◽  
Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Point Density

Evaluating the safety risk of rural roadsides is critical for achieving reasonable allocation of a limited budget and avoiding excessive installation of safety facilities. To assess the safety risk of rural roadsides when the crash data are unavailable or missing, this study proposed a Bayesian Network (BN) method that uses the experts’ judgments on the conditional probability of different safety risk factors to evaluate the safety risk of rural roadsides. Eight factors were considered, including seven factors identified in the literature and a new factor named access point density. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study was conducted using 19.42 km long road networks in the rural area of Nantong, China. By comparing the results of the proposed method and run-off-road (ROR) crash data from 2015–2016 in the study area, the road segments with higher safety risk levels identified by the proposed method were found to be statistically significantly correlated with higher crash severity based on the crash data. In addition, by comparing the respective results evaluated by eight factors and seven factors (a new factor removed), we also found that access point density significantly contributed to the safety risk of rural roadsides. These results show that the proposed method can be considered as a low-cost solution to evaluating the safety risk of rural roadsides with relatively high accuracy, especially for areas with large rural road networks and incomplete ROR crash data due to budget limitation, human errors, negligence, or inconsistent crash recordings.

scholarly journals Foaming of rhamnolipids fermentation: impact factors and fermentation strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijin Gong ◽  
Ge Yang ◽  
Chengchuan Che ◽  
Jinfeng Liu ◽  
Meiru Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Foaming Behavior ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Control

AbstractRhamnolipids have recently attracted considerable attentions because of their excellent biosurfactant performance and potential applications in agriculture, environment, biomedicine, etc., but severe foaming causes the high cost of production, restraining their commercial production and applications. To reduce or eliminate the foaming, numerous explorations have been focused on foaming factors and fermentation strategies, but a systematic summary and discussion are still lacking. Additionally, although these studies have not broken through the bottleneck of foaming, they are conducive to understanding the foaming mechanism and developing more effective rhamnolipids production strategies. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects of fermentation components and control conditions on foaming behavior and fermentation strategies responded to the severe foaming in rhamnolipids fermentation and systematically summarizes 6 impact factors and 9 fermentation strategies. Furthermore, the potentialities of 9 fermentation strategies for large-scale production are discussed and some further strategies are suggested. We hope this review can further facilitate the understanding of foaming factors and fermentation strategies as well as conducive to developing the more effective large-scale production strategies to accelerate the commercial production process of rhamnolipids.

Optimization of Energy Management and Control for a Hybridized Through-The-Road Car

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Antonio Tiano ◽  
Gianfranco Rizzo ◽  
Matteo Marino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
The Road ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals The road ahead for cervical cancer prevention and control

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Tota ◽  
A.V. Ramana–Kumar ◽  
Z. El-Khatib ◽  
E.L. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cancer Prevention And Control ◽  
The Road ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Chaos and Control in Coronary Artery System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxiang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Melnikov Method ◽  
Phase Portraits ◽  
Bifurcation Diagrams ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
The Road ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
And Control

Two types of coronary artery system N-type and S-type, are investigated. The threshold conditions for the occurrence of Smale horseshoe chaos are obtained by using Melnikov method. Numerical simulations including phase portraits, potential diagram, homoclinic bifurcation curve diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, and Poincaré maps not only prove the correctness of theoretical analysis but also show the interesting bifurcation diagrams and the more new complex dynamical behaviors. Numerical simulations are used to investigate the nonlinear dynamical characteristics and complexity of the two systems, revealing bifurcation forms and the road leading to chaotic motion. Finally the chaotic states of the two systems are effectively controlled by two control methods: variable feedback control and coupled feedback control.

A discussion on ship technology in the 1980s - Shipbuilding in the future

1972 ◽  
Vol 273 (1231) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Group Technology ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
The Road ◽  
Craft Industry ◽  
And Control ◽  
Capital Intensive

The growth in world trade and hence the demand for shipping is expected to continue into the 1980s despite the present temporary recession. Many countries in the Mediterranean and Pacific area and in South and Central America see shipbuilding as their way to start along the road to industrial development, and will be favoured by good climatic and labour conditions which can now be joined to imported modern technology. Conventional shipbuilding will therefore grow rapidly in these countries. Western countries will be able to preserve their shipbuilding industries by keeping in the forefront ol technical development and by a rigorous examination of designs from the production point of view, in order to reduce the labour content, and make the management and control simpler. This means changing from a largely labour intensive craft industry to a capital intensive, manufacturing industry. In order to sustain this type of industry long runs of similar ships, standard components, modulai constructions much of it in production lines, using group technology, will be the pattern in the 1980s. Much research and development is already devoted to these techniques and the industry is already at the early stages of changing over to this type of working.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEMACETAN DI SIMPANG SABILILLAH TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI CITRA LALU LINTAS DI SIMPANG PROGRESIF

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Supiyono, Dwi Ratnaningsih, Rudy Ariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Section ◽  
On The Road ◽  
High Traffic Volume

Progress of a country in line with the progress of traffic (transport). Fluency in traffic is determined by the smoothness of traffic on the road. Problems often arise on the highway is congestion at the intersection. Neither was signalized intersections and signalized intersections. Problems at the intersection is less accuracy green flame at the intersection with the number of vehicles in a segment. A road with high traffic volume vehicle green flame low while other road traffic volume small green flame length. So in a long queue roads, while other roads are deserted while still green flame.     This study aims to minimize the occurrence of conflic at the intersection of green flame. Research will make iterations in the intersection, where a road section which will be nominated densely green flame, the flame of the green according to the volume of traffic on these roads. Each road will be a green flame in accordance with the volume of traffic, without having to change any program there is a change in traffic volume.The degree of saturation of the calculation obtained by ....Keywords: roads, hight traffic, progressive intersection, degree saturation

scholarly journals OPERATION AND CONTROL OF SPLIT-PARALLEL, THROUGH-THE- ROAD HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH IN-WHEEL MOTORS

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2793-2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful A. Zulkifli ◽  
◽  
Syaifuddin Mohd ◽  
Nordin Saad ◽  
A. Rashid A. Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Control
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