scholarly journals Physical Activity and Insulin Resistance in 6,500 NHANES Adults: The Role of Abdominal Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
James R. Fowler ◽  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Bruce W. Bailey ◽  
James D. LeCheminant
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

This cross-sectional investigation studied differences in insulin resistance across levels of physical activity in 6,500 US adults who were randomly selected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Another important objective was to determine the influence of abdominal obesity on the physical activity and insulin resistance relationship. MET-minutes were utilized to quantify total activity based on participation in 48 different physical activities. Two strategies were employed to categorize levels of physical activity: one was based on relative MET-minutes (quartiles), and the other approach was based on the US physical activity guidelines. Insulin resistance was indexed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Abdominal obesity was indexed using waist circumference. Effect modification was tested by dividing waist circumferences into sex-specific quartiles and then evaluating the relationship between physical activity and HOMA-IR within each quartile separately. Results showed that relative physical activity level was associated with HOMA-IR after controlling for demographic and demographic and lifestyle covariates (F = 11.5, P<0.0001 and F = 6.0, P=0.0012, respectively). Adjusting for demographic and demographic and lifestyle covariates also resulted in significant relationships between guideline-based activity and HOMA-IR (F = 8.0, P<0.0001 and F = 4.9, P=0.0017, respectively). However, statistically controlling for differences in waist circumference with the other covariates nullified the relationship between total physical activity and HOMA-IR. Effect modification testing showed that when the sample was delimited to adults with abdominal obesity (Quartile 4), relative (F = 5.6, P=0.0019) and guideline-based physical activity (F = 3.7, P=0.0098) and HOMA-IR were significantly associated. Physical activity and HOMA-IR were not related within the other three quartiles. In conclusion, it appears that differences in physical activity may play a meaningful role in insulin resistance in those with abdominal obesity, but total activity does not seem to account for differences in insulin resistance among US adults with smaller waists.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Measures of Obesity, and Cardiometabolic Risk: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. McAuley ◽  
Haiying Chen ◽  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Enrique Garcia Artero ◽  
David A. Bluemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ethnic Study

Background:The influence of higher physical activity on the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic risk is not completely understood.Methods:Between 2000–2002, data were collected on 6795 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. Self-reported intentional physical activity in the lowest quartile (0–105 MET-minutes/week) was categorized as inactive and the upper three quartiles (123–37,260 MET-minutes/week) as active. Associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference categories, stratified by physical activity status (inactive or active) with cardiometabolic risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, upper quartile of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] for population, and impaired fasting glucose or diabetes) were assessed using logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and current smoking.Results:Among obese participants, those who were physically active had reduced odds of insulin resistance (47% lower; P < .001) and impaired fasting glucose/diabetes (23% lower; P = .04). These associations were weaker for central obesity. However, among participants with a normal waist circumference, those who were inactive were 63% more likely to have insulin resistance (OR [95% CI] 1.63 [1.24–2.15]) compared with the active reference group.Conclusions:Physical activity was inversely related to the cardiometabolic risk associated with obesity and central obesity.

scholarly journals Dairy Consumption and Insulin Resistance: The Role of Body Fat, Physical Activity, and Energy Intake

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Andrea Erickson ◽  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Bruce W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between dairy consumption and insulin resistance was ascertained in 272 middle-aged, nondiabetic women using a cross-sectional design. Participants kept 7-day, weighed food records to report their diets, including dairy intake. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). The Bod Pod was used to measure body fat percentage, and accelerometry for 7 days was used to objectively index physical activity. Regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which mean HOMA levels differed across low, moderate, and high dairy intake categories. Results showed that women in the highest quartile of dairy consumption had significantly greater log-transformed HOMA values (0.41 ± 0.53) than those in the middle-two quartiles (0.22 ± 0.55) or the lowest quartile (0.19 ± 0.58) (F= 6.90,P= 0.0091). The association remained significant after controlling for each potential confounder individually and all covariates simultaneously. Adjusting for differences in energy intake weakened the relationship most, but the association remained significant. Of the 11 potential confounders, only protein intake differed significantly across the dairy categories, with those consuming high dairy also consuming more total protein than their counterparts. Apparently, high dairy intake is a significant predictor of insulin resistance in middle-aged, nondiabetic women.

Habitual Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity is Inversely Associated With Insulin Resistance in Canadian First Nations Youth

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Mitchell ◽  
Catherine A. Gaul ◽  
Patti-Jean Naylor ◽  
Constadina Panagiotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and objectively measured habitual moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in First Nations youth. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 rural villages in northern British Columbia, Canada. Thirty-nine healthy youth (16 males and 23 females; age = 11.8yrs ± 2.2; range = 8.8–18.5yrs) participated. PA was measured with ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers. The homeostasis model assessment estimate of IR (HOMA-IR) was used to define IR. Duration of MVPA was inversely related to HOMA-IR (r=−.44, p < .01). From the regression model, 30 min of habitual MVPA corresponded to HOMA-IR levels that were 15% lower. In conclusion, these findings suggest that active First Nations youth have lower HOMA-IR values.

Physical activity energy expenditure may mediate the relationship between plasma leptin levels and worsening insulin resistance independently of adiposity

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1921-1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Franks ◽  
R. J. F. Loos ◽  
S. Brage ◽  
S. O'Rahilly ◽  
N. J. Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Activity Energy

Leptin regulates a constellation of neuroendocrine processes that control energy homeostasis. The infusion of leptin in rodents lacking endogenous leptin promotes physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and improves insulin signaling, whereas hyperleptinemia is associated with physical inactivity and insulin resistance (IR). We tested whether baseline leptin levels predict changes in PAEE and IR over time, independent of obesity. We also assessed whether the relationship between leptin and change in IR is mediated by PAEE. The population consisted of 288 nondiabetic UK Caucasian adults (mean age: 49.4 yr; SD: 0.7 yr), in whom leptin, insulin, glucose, PAEE (via heart rate monitoring with individual calibration by indirect calorimetry), and anthropometric characteristics had been measured at baseline and 5 yr later. In linear regression models, baseline leptin levels inversely predicted follow-up PAEE ( P = 0.033). On average, individuals with low leptin levels (below sex-specific median) increased their daily activity 35% more during the 5-yr follow-up period than those with above-median leptin levels. Baseline leptin level also predicted worsening IR (fasting, 30-min, and 2-h insulins, and homeostasis model assessment-IR; all P < 0.01). Associations were independent of potential confounders, such as adiposity, age, and sex. Including baseline PAEE as a cofactor in the leptin-insulin models reduced the strength (1–4% reduction) and significance of the associations, suggesting that PAEE mediates the leptin-insulin relationships. Hyperleptinemia predicts a relative decline in PAEE and worsening insulin resistance, possibly via shared molecular pathways.

scholarly journals Fitness versus Fatness and Insulin Resistance in U.S. Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyle M. Cummings ◽  
Katrina D. DuBose ◽  
Satomi Imai ◽  
David N. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Specific

Background. The present study examined the relationship between insulin resistance and both waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness in U.S. adolescents.Methods. NHANES assessed a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents (12–18 yrs) between 1999–2002. Abdominal adiposity was estimated by waist circumference, overall adiposity by BMI, and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) from a treadmill exercise test). Insulin resistance was estimated from fasting insulin and glucose using the homeostatic model assessment method (i.e., HOMA) and was log-transformed.Results. 1078 adolescents were included in the study. Positive correlations existed between lnHOMA and waist circumference (r=0.59;r=0.54) for boys and girls, respectively. lnHOMA andVO2max were inversely related in boys (r=−0.29) but not girls (r=−0.06). Gender-specific analyses by BMI category showed that the significant inverse relationship in lnHOMA andVO2max was primarily present in obese boys.Conclusion. Among adolescents, important gender and BMI differences exist in the relationship between insulin resistance and fitness. While waist circumference and BMI are important predictors in all children, fitness appears especially important in obese boys. These findings may have important implications for gender-specific interventions to prevent adult obesity and diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Daily Physical Activity Assessed by a Triaxial Accelerometer Is Beneficially Associated with Waist Circumference, Serum Triglycerides, and Insulin Resistance in Japanese Patients with Prediabetes or Untreated Early Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Hamasaki ◽  
Mitsuhiko Noda ◽  
Sumie Moriyama ◽  
Reo Yoshikawa ◽  
Hisayuki Katsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

Aim. To investigate the association between daily physical activity and metabolic risk factors in Japanese adults with prediabetes or untreated early type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods. Daily physical activity level was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. We assessed correlations between physical activity level and waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting levels of plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, and insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).Results. A total of 80 patients were studied. After adjustment for age and body mass index, in all subjects, physical activity level was negatively associated with waist circumference (β=-0.124,P=0.018) and fasting serum triglycerides (β=-0.239,P=0.035), insulin (β=-0.224,P=0.022). In men, physical activity level was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure (β=-0.351,P=0.044), fasting plasma glucose (β=-0.369,P=0.025) and insulin (β=-0.362,P=0.012), and HOMA-IR (β=-0.371,P=0.011). No significant associations were found between physical activity level and metabolic risk factors in women.Conclusion. Objectively measured daily physical activity is beneficially associated with waist circumference, serum triglycerides, and insulin resistance in individuals with prediabetes or untreated early T2D. (This trial is registered withUMIN000015774.)

scholarly journals Effect of Physical Activity on Blood Pressure Distribution among School Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa M. Durrani ◽  
Waseem Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Working Day ◽  
The Relationship

The present study analyzed the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in 701 school children aged 12–16 years (girls = 338, boys = 363). During the baseline examination, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), height, weight, and 24-hour recall of the working day activity with duration were recorded. Total activity score and type of activity were calculated by weighing the activity level. Mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient were calculated by using SPSS 12.0 version. The results revealed that rise in blood pressure was directly proportional to the increase in age. The range of systolic blood pressure was found to be high in low risk blood pressure (LBP) group than in elevated blood pressure (EBP) group showing direct association of activity level and systolic blood pressure. Physical activity score was found to be more in LBP group than in EBP group. Our results support the hypothesis that SBP is independently related to the level of habitual physical activity in children.

scholarly journals The relationship between birth weight and insulin resistance in childhood

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesuana O. Lemos ◽  
Patricia H. C. Rondó ◽  
Joilane A. Pereira ◽  
Renata G. Oliveira ◽  
Maria B. S. Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

Chronic diseases that are typical of adulthood may originate in intra-uterine life through inadequate fetal development. The present epidemiological cohort study of 506 healthy children aged 5–8 years evaluated the relationship between birth weight and insulin resistance in an age group that has been assessed in few similar studies. Insulin concentration was determined by chemiluminescence and insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Blood glucose, total cholesterol and fractions (LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol) and TAG concentrations were determined by automated enzymatic methods. Linear regression analysis investigated the relationship between birth weight (assessed as a continuous variable and in three categories: small for gestational age, SGA; adequate for gestational age and large for gestational age) and the HOMA index, using backward stepwise selection and biological models to explain the causal pathway of the relationship. There were negative associations between birth weight (P < 0·001), SGA (P = 0·027) and the HOMA index, and a positive association between waist circumference (P < 0·001) and the HOMA index. Considering the significant associations between birth weight and waist circumference (P < 0·001) and waist circumference and insulin resistance (P < 0·001), we can probably suspect that lower birth weight is a common cause of higher waist circumference and insulin resistance. In summary, the results of the present study showed increased insulin resistance in apparently healthy, young children, who had lower weight at birth and higher measurements of waist circumference. There is a need to develop public health policies that adopt preventive measures to promote adequate maternal-fetal and child development and enable early diagnosis of metabolic abnormalities.

scholarly journals Coronary slow flow in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Gaber Metwally ◽  
Heba Kamal Sedrak ◽  
Inas Fahiem Shaltout
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slow Flow ◽  
Timi Frame Count ◽  
Coronary Slow Flow ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The relationship between coronary slow flow (CSF) and insulin resistance (IR) is still a subject of debate with conflicting data. So the aim was to assess the relationship between IR as measured by IR index (HOMA-IR) and coronary slow flow as measured by the TIMI frame count in patients which (impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and IR. Results Out of 87 patients enrolled, 64 (73.6%) patients were assigned to the IGT group while 23 (26.4%) patients were assigned to the NGT group. There were significantly higher BMI (30.15 ± 2.29 vs 23.90 ± 2.5, P < 0.001), waist circumference (105.05 ± 9.0.06 vs 92.92 ± 16.5, P < 0.001), and frequency of hypertension (60.9% vs 34.8, P = 0.03). Also, there were significantly higher 2-h post-prandial (hPP) glucose (161 ± 30 vs 110 ± 20, P < 0.05), fasting serum insulin level (9.56 ± 2.5 vs 7.03 ± 2.1, P < 0.001), HDL (40 ± 6.5 vs 49 ± 5.6, P < 0.001), HOMA-IR index (2.84 ± 0.03 vs 1.6 ± 0.05, P < 0.05), and mean TIMI frame count (33 ± 5 vs 26 ± 4, P < 0.001) among the IGT group, while HDL was significantly lower in the IGT group (40 ± 6.5 vs 49 ± 5.6, P < 0.001). There was a highly significant positive correlation between TIMI frame count and HOMA-IR (r = 0.43, P < 0.001); predictors that add significance to the model were age > 50 years, hypertension, high waist circumference, HDL < 35, and HOMA-IR. For HOMA-IR (OR 95% CI = 1.9 (1.05–3.49), P = 0.02 demonstrating that HOMA-IR is a powerful independent predictor of high TIMI frame count (Table 4). Conclusion IR is an independent risk factor for slow coronary flow in patients with IGT. Those with evident coronary slow flow, IGT should be managed aggressively even before any evidence of frank diabetes. Also, IR workup should be recommended among the other standard workup for those patients; if documented, targeting IR in such patients should be a priority (whenever possible) while selecting medications for comorbid cardiac disease, as well as using interventions targeted against IR should be considered among the other standard management for slow flow.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document