scholarly journals An Overview of the Mechanism of Penthorum chinense Pursh on Alcoholic Fatty Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xingtao Zhao ◽  
Liao Li ◽  
Mengting Zhou ◽  
Meichen Liu ◽  
Ying Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Cytochrome P4502e1 ◽  
Penthorum Chinense Pursh ◽  
Alcohol Liver Disease ◽  
Penthorum Chinense

Alcohol liver disease (ALD) caused by excessive alcohol consumption is a progressive disease, and alcohol fatty liver disease is the primary stage. Currently, there is no approved drug for its treatment. Abstinence is the best way to heal, but patients’ compliance is poor. Unlike other chronic diseases, alcohol fatty liver disease is not caused by nutritional deficiencies; it is caused by the molecular action of ingested alcohol and its metabolites. More and more studies have shown the potential of Penthorum chinense Pursh (PCP) in the clinical use of alcohol fatty liver treatment. The purpose of this paper is to reveal from the essence of PCP treatment of alcohol liver mechanism mainly by the ethanol dehydrogenase (ADH) and microsomal ethanol oxidation system-dependent cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) to exert antilipogenesis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and autophagy effects, with special emphasis on its mechanisms related to SIRT1/AMPK, KEAP-1/Nrf2, and TLR4/NF-κB. Overall, data from the literature shows that PCP appears to be a promising hepatoprotective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – discussed under the light of Unani medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riyazuddin ◽  
Arisha Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the diseases that have evolved lately into a major challenge for gastroenterologists. Although, the term NAFLD has not been familiar to the medical world since long, other conditions resembling the presentation of NAFLD have been there since primitive times. It is a reversible condition of the liver, wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulates in liver cells via the process of steatosis, despite any evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. In the developed countries NAFLD is reported to be the most common liver disorder, with a worldwide prevalence of 6–35%, in India its prevalence has been increasing gradually. Unani physicians have described liver as one of the principal organs of the body. It is the primary source of natural faculties, where the functions of digestion, concoction, absorption and excretion are performed, normally temperament of liver is hot and moist which can get converted to cold due to mutable dietary habits, consumption of fatty and cold food in abundance etc. In Unani System of Medicine, NAFLD has not been described as such, but it can be studied under Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid due to correlation of most of the symptoms. Its management mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the liver and correction of Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid by using drugs having opposite temperament (Ilaj bil zid).

scholarly journals Three-dimensional ultrastructure of giant mitochondria in human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Shami ◽  
Delfine Cheng ◽  
Pauline Verhaegh ◽  
Ger Koek ◽  
Eddie Wisse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Giant Mitochondria ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Array Tomography ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractGiant mitochondria are peculiarly shaped, extremely large mitochondria in hepatic parenchymal cells, the internal structure of which is characterised by atypically arranged cristae, enlarged matrix granules and crystalline inclusions. The presence of giant mitochondria in human tissue biopsies is often linked with cellular adversity, caused by toxins such as alcohol, xenobiotics, anti-cancer drugs, free-radicals, nutritional deficiencies or as a consequence of high fat Western diets. To date, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent liver disease in lipid dysmetabolism, in which mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role. It is not well understood whether the morphologic characteristics of giant mitochondria are an adaption or caused by such dysfunction. In the present study, we employ a complementary multimodal imaging approach involving array tomography and transmission electron tomography in order to comparatively analyse the structure and morphometric parameters of thousands of normal- and giant mitochondria in four patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In so doing, we reveal functional alterations associated with mitochondrial gigantism and propose a mechanism for their formation based on our ultrastructural findings.

scholarly journals Depression and increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals with obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Young Cho ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Eunju Sung ◽  
Jae-Heon Kang ◽  
Sarah H. Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Aims The longitudinal relationship between depression and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is uncertain. We examined: (a) the association between depressive symptoms and incident hepatic steatosis (HS), both with and without liver fibrosis; and (b) the influence of obesity on this association. Methods A cohort of 142 005 Korean adults with neither HS nor excessive alcohol consumption at baseline were followed for up to 8.9 years. The validated Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score (CES-D) was assessed at baseline, and subjects were categorised as non-depressed (a CES-D < 8, reference) or depression (CES-D ⩾ 16). HS was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Liver fibrosis was assessed by the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). Parametric proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 27 810 people with incident HS and 134 with incident HS plus high FIB-4 were identified. Compared with the non-depressed category, the aHR (95% CIs) for incident HS was 1.24 (1.15–1.34) for CES-D ⩾ 16 among obese individuals, and 1.00 (0.95–1.05) for CES-D ⩾ 16 among non-obese individuals (p for interaction with obesity <0.001). The aHR (95% CIs) for developing HS plus high FIB-4 was 3.41 (1.33–8.74) for CES-D ⩾ 16 among obese individuals, and 1.22 (0.60–2.47) for CES-D ⩾ 16 among non-obese individuals (p for interaction = 0.201). Conclusions Depression was associated with an increased risk of incident HS and HS plus high probability of advanced fibrosis, especially among obese individuals.

scholarly journals Association Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lum Han ◽  
Youngjon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Background: The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is increasing due to population aging and an increase in obesity. Besides the mechanical stress caused by weight-bearing and age, osteoarthritis is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Aim: We analyzed the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and knee osteoarthritis.Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted among adults aged >50 years that were enrolled from the 5th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2010–2012). After excluding those diagnosed with chronic diseases, liver diseases, and a history of excessive alcohol consumption, 2,193 individuals were included. A hepatic steatosis index >36 and <30 was considered to indicate the presence and absence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, respectively. Knee osteoarthritis was diagnosed according to the Kellgren–Lawrence grade based on knee radiography findings. Results: The risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was 3.653 times higher in the mild osteoarthritis group than in the normal group, and 11.969 and 6.331 times higher in patients with moderate osteoarthritis and severe osteoarthritis, respectively.Conclusions: We found that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was significantly associated with knee osteoarthritis, and that different odds ratios for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were observed depending on the severity of the knee osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Diagnostic methods and pharmacological management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – There is still room for improvement

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Chrysoula Boutari ◽  
Panagiotis Pappas ◽  
Konstantinos Tziomalos ◽  
Vasileios Athyros ◽  
Asterios Karagiannis
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nafld Fibrosis Score

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and it may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and cancer. Despite the alarming rate of the disease observed in the last decades due to the increase in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome,there are unmet needs in the diagnosis and the management of the disease. The gold standard for the diagnosis of the disease remains the liver biopsy. The ultrasound, the laboratory tests (serum aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and ferritin levels, cytokeratin-18 fragment and fibrosis growth factor 21), the clinical (Fatty Liver Index [FLI], NAFLD fibrosis score [NFS] and Fibrosis 4 calculator [FIB-4]) and the non-invasive scores (NIS-4, FS3) are being developed and evaluated and they are very promising for both detecting the presence and assessing the severity of the disease. For the management of NASH, no pharmacological treatment has been approved. Vitamin E, thiazolidinediones, sodium-glucose transport protein-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), statins, and many other agents under investigation may have a role in the management of NAFLD alongside their primary indications.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ZANJABĪL (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Shahid Arisha ◽  
Riyazuddin Mohd ◽  
Siddiqui MA
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a reversible condition of the liver, wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulates in liver cells via the process of steatosis, despite any evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. In view of present scenario of high prevalence and limited treatment options, this study was conducted to assess the effect of Murabba-i- Zanjabīl in NAFLD. Present study was designed as a randomized placebo controlled trial with 30 patients in test group and 10 patients in control group. Participants in test group were administered with Murabba-i- Zanjabīl, 5 gm twice daily, 30 minutes before food for 45 days and those in control group were given 1 capsule of 500 mg each containing wheat flour twice daily, 30 minutes before food for 45 days. All the participants were asked to follow up at every 15 days for assessment of subjective parameters. Objective parameter was assessed before and after the trial period. On statistical analysis the test formulation showed significant reduction in scores (p<0.05) for most of the parameters on both inter and intra group analysis, while the reduction in control group was not found to be statistically significant (p.0.05). This study lays out that Murabbā-i Zanjabīl in a dose of 5gm twice daily given for 45 days is more effective than placebo in treating NAFLD. There was no adverse effect reported during the trial. It was thus concluded that Murabbā-i Zanjabīl is effective and safe in therapeutic management of NAFLD.

Vitamin D levels are not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity in a Brazilian population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jeniffer Danielle M. Dutra ◽  
Quelson Coelho Lisboa ◽  
Silvia Marinho Ferolla ◽  
Carolina Martinelli M. L. Carvalho ◽  
Camila Costa M. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract. Some epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequency and vitamin D levels. Likewise, a beneficial effect of vitamin D on diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance has been observed, but this is an unsolved issue. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a NAFLD Brazilian population and its association with disease severity and presence of comorbidities. In a cross-sectional study, the clinical, biochemical and histological parameters of 139 NAFLD patients were evaluated according to two different cut-off points of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (20 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL). The mean age of the population was 56 ± 16 years, most patients were female (83%), 72% had hypertension, 88% dyslipidemia, 46% DM, 98% central obesity, and 82% metabolic syndrome. Serum vitamin D levels were < 30 ng/mL in 78% of the patients, and < 20 ng/mL in 35%. The mean vitamin D level was 24.3 ± 6.8 ng/mL. The comparison between the clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics of the patients according to the levels of vitamin D showed no significant difference. Most patients with NAFLD had hypovitaminosis D, but low vitamin D levels were not related to disease severity and the presence of comorbidities.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children and its Relationship with Retinol Serum Levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suano de Souza ◽  
Silverio Amancio ◽  
Saccardo Sarni ◽  
Sacchi Pitta ◽  
Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the retinol serum levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children. To relate these biochemical variables with the risk of this disease in the population studied. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and prospective, with 46 overweight/obese school children (28 female, 18 male; mean age 8.6 years). The control group consisted of 45 children, paired by age and gender. Hepatic steatosis, evaluated by ultrasound, was classified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. Also evaluated were serum retinol levels; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; lipid profile; and fasting glucose and serum insulin levels, used for the calculation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment. Results: Hepatic ultrasound alterations were found in 56.5% and 48,9% of the overweight/obese and control group children, respectively. Presence of obesity was associated with high levels of triglycerides (OR = 4.6; P = 0.002). In the studied children, the risk of steatosis was related to a trend to a higher percentage of retinol inadequacy (OR = 2.8; p = 0.051); there was no association with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid profile, or insulin resistance. Conclusions: The high frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both groups, evaluated by hepatic ultrasound, in low-socioeconomic level children, independent of nutritional condition and without significant association with insulin resistance, emphasizes that especially in developing countries, other risk factors such as micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin A) are involved.

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