Molecular Serotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated in Hospital Catering Service in Morocco

Escherichia coli is related to foodborne disease and outbreaks worldwide. It mainly affects persons at high risk as newborns, infants, and individuals with impaired immune system in hospitals. Multidrug-resistant E. coli is currently spreading both in community and hospital settings. Our study aims to evaluate the presence of E. coli and the incidence of its antibiotic resistance in samples obtained from various cooked and raw foods (N = 300), food contact surfaces (N = 238), and food handlers (N = 40) in Moroccan hospital catering service. E. coli was identified using API 20E, and the antibiotic resistance patterns were obtained using the agar disk diffusion methods. However, PCR method was used for O157 and H7 typing. The samples analysis showed that 14.33%, 24.16%, and 45% of food, surfaces, and food handlers harbored E. coli, respectively, with the highest rates obtained in raw meats (34.88%) and salads (34.88%). Molecular amplification shows that 14 E. coli isolates carried the flagellar antigen H7, while there are no isolates showing amplification for O157. The high rate of resistance was noted against ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanate acid (100%), nalidixic acid (61.62%), and cefotaxime (59.49%), and isolates obtained from food handler’s hands showed the highest rates of resistance. None of the isolates are extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing, while 27.7% of the isolates were metallo-beta-lactams producing. This first study conducted on Moroccan hospital catering services may draw the authorities’ attention to the necessity of setting up a surveillance system to monitor the food preparation process and the safety of prepared food in healthcare settings.

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Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Diverse Escherichia coli Phylogenetic Groups Isolated from the Al-Hillah River in Babylon Province, Iraq

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2019/5927059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mourouge Saadi Alwash ◽

Hawraa Mohammed Al-Rafyai

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Health Concern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Anthropogenic Pressures ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Surface water contamination remains a major worldwide public health concern and may contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The Al-Hillah River in the city of Babylon Province, Iraq, diverts flows from the Euphrates River. Because of its importance in irrigation and population density, it faces several forced and unforced changes due to anthropogenic activities. To evaluate water quality, water samples were collected from three sites with different anthropogenic pressures along the Al-Hillah River. These samples were subjected to bacteriological analyses, i.e., total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and faecal enterococci. The phylogenetic groups of the E. coli isolates (n = 61) were typed by rapid PCR-based analyses. Representatives of each isolate were tested phenotypically for resistance to six classes of antibiotics and characterized according to their phylogenetic groups. The results demonstrated the highest resistance levels were to β-lactam antibiotics, followed by fosfomycin and aminoglycosides. Escherichia coli isolates belonging to phylogenetic groups A and B2 were the most common and were characterized by a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance. This study is important for understanding the current conditions of the Al-Hillah River, as the data reveal a high prevalence of multiresistance among E. coli isolates circulating at the three sampling sites.

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Carbapenemases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken in Peshawar: First Report from Pakistan

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (8) ◽

pp. 1339-1345 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KAFEEL AHMAD ◽

FARYAL KHATTAK ◽

AMJAD ALI ◽

SHAISTA RAHAT ◽

SHAZIA NOOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽

Synergy Test

ABSTRACT We report the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases in Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken in Peshawar, Pakistan. One hundred E. coli isolates were recovered from retail chicken. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, cephalothin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin. Phenotypic detection of β-lactamase production was analyzed through double disc synergy test using the antibiotics amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and aztreonam. Fifty multidrug-resistant isolates were screened for detection of sul1, aadA, cmlA, int, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 genes. Resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin, cephalothin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and chloramphenicol was 92, 91, 84, 73, 70, 67, 53, 48, 40, 39, 37, 36, and 23% respectively. Prevalence of sul1, aadA, cmlA, int, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 was 78% (n = 39), 76% (n = 38), 20% (n = 10), 90% (n = 45), 74% (n = 37), 94% (n = 47), 22% (n = 11), and 4% (n = 2), respectively. blaSHV, blaOXA-10, and blaVIM were not detected. The coexistence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli is alarming. Hence, robust surveillance strategies should be developed with a focus on controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance genes via the food chain.

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Temporal Dynamics and Impact of Manure Storage on Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Population Structure of Escherichia coli Isolates from a Commercial Swine Farm

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00218-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 73 (17) ◽

pp. 5486-5493 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Patrick Duriez ◽

Edward Topp

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Population Structure ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Swine Farm ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Fresh Feces ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

ABSTRACT Many confined-livestock farms store their wastes for several months prior to use as a fertilizer. Storing manure for extended periods could significantly bias the composition of enteric bacterial populations subsequently released into the environment. Here, we compared populations of Escherichia coli isolated from fresh feces and from the manure-holding tank (stored manure) of a commercial swine farm, each sampled monthly for 6 months. The 4,668 confirmed E. coli isolates were evaluated for resistance to amikacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole. A subset of 1,687 isolates was fingerprinted by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) with the BOXA1R primer to evaluate the diversity and the population structure of the collection. The population in the stored manure was generally more diverse than that in the fresh feces. Half of the genotypes detected in the stored manure were never detected in the fresh fecal material, and only 16% were detected only in the fresh feces. But the majority of the isolates (84%) were assigned to the 34% of genotypes shared between the two environments. The structure of the E. coli population showed important monthly variations both in the extent and distribution of the diversity of the observed genotypes. The frequency of detection of resistance to specific antibiotics was not significantly different between the two collections and varied importantly between monthly samples. Resistance to multiple antibiotics was much more temporally dynamic in the fresh feces than in the stored manure. There was no relationship between the distribution of rep-PCR fingerprints and the distribution of antibiotic resistance profiles, suggesting that specific antibiotic resistance determinants were dynamically distributed within the population.

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Antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli in migrants vs non-migrants: a study of 14 561 urine samples

Journal of Travel Medicine ◽

10.1093/jtm/taz080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Louise B Sloth ◽

Rikke T Nielsen ◽

Christian Østergaard ◽

Laura B Nellums ◽

Sally Hargreaves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Urine Samples ◽

University Hospital ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Sample Testing ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background To investigate the distribution of urine isolates and antibiotic resistance patterns in the predominant uropathogen Escherichia coli in migrant and non-migrant individuals. Methods We linked a cohort consisting of all migrants obtaining residence as refugees or family-reunited migrants in Denmark between January 1993 and December 2015 to hospital urine samples examined from January 2000 to December 2015 at the Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark. Samples from non-migrant individuals, Danish-born from Danish parents, were included as comparison. Analysis was carried out using multivariate logistic regression. Results There were 14 561 first-time urine samples included, with E. coli being the most prevalent bacterial pathogen. Of the identified isolates, 4686/11 737 were E. coli among non-migrants and 1032/2824 among migrants. Sulfamethoxazol–Trimethoprim (SXT) resistance was found in 34.3% (350/1020) of E. coli isolates among migrants and 23.2% (1070/4619) among non-migrant patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47–2.03]. Ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 5.8% (36/618) of isolates among migrants and 2.2% (67/3092) among non-migrants (OR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.37–3.53). Gentamicin (GEN) resistance was seen in 10.8% (61/565) and 4.7% (110/2328) of isolates (OR 2.33, 95% CI:1.63–3.34), Cefuroxime resistance in 8.5% (87/1019) and 3.4% (158/4618) (OR 2.40, 95% CI:1.77–3.24), Ampicillin (AMP) resistance in 51.4% and 40.8% (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.42–1.92) and Piperacillin–Tazobactam resistance in 6.9% (30/432) and 4.2% (65/1532) for migrant and non-migrant patients, respectively. When stratifying according to migrant status, family-reunited had higher odds of resistance than refugees for SXT, GEN and AMP. Conclusions Prevalence of antibiotic resistance was significantly higher in E. coli isolates among migrants, both refugees and family-reunited, than non-migrant patients. Differences could not be explained by comorbidity or income. The results emphasize the importance of urine sample testing in both local-born and migrants before antibiotic start-up and point to the benefit of considering migration to secure individual treatment and equal health outcomes.

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Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance Patterns from Co-Grazing and Non-Co-Grazing Livestock and Wildlife Species from Two Farms in the Western Cape, South Africa

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 618

Author(s):

Michaela Sannettha van den Honert ◽

Pieter Andries Gouws ◽

Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

South Africa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Wildlife Species ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Grazing Livestock

Although limited, studies have found conflicting results on whether co-grazing results in significant antibiotic resistance transfer between species. This type of farming system can act as a vector in the geographical spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic-resistant patterns between co-grazing and non-co-grazing livestock and wildlife species in South Africa. Escherichia coli was isolated from the faeces of various wildlife and livestock species from two farms in South Africa and was tested for antibiotic resistance using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphafurazole, and tetracycline. A selection of some common antibiotic-resistant genes (blaCMY, aadA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, and tetB) were detected using PCR. The E. coli isolates from wildlife and livestock that co-grazed showed no significant differences in antibiotic resistance patterns. However, this was not the case for tetracycline resistance as the livestock isolates were significantly more resistant than the co-grazing wildlife isolates. The E. coli isolates from the non-co-grazing livestock and wildlife had significant differences in their antibiotic susceptibility patterns; the wildlife E. coli isolates were significantly more resistant to sulphafurazole and streptomycin than the livestock isolates, whilst those isolated from the cattle were significantly more resistant to ampicillin than the wildlife and sheep isolates. The results of this study suggest that there could be an exchange of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes between livestock and wildlife that co-graze.

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The Wide Range of Antibiotic Resistance and Variability of Genotypic Profiles in Escherichia coli from Domestic Animals in Eastern Sicily

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10010028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Nunziatina Russo ◽

Alessandro Stamilla ◽

Giuseppe Cascone ◽

Cinzia Lucia Randazzo ◽

Antonino Messina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Wide Range ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

The emergence of multidrug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in livestock poses a serious public health threat. Escherichia coli, a usual host of intestinal microbiota, is recognized also as etiological agent of numerous infections widespread in both humans and animals. The colibacillosis is one of the most reported zoonoses worldwide, typically treated with antibiotics in the primary stages. This strategy has promoted the onset of antibiotic-resistant serotypes of E. coli, reducing the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments and contributing to antibiotic resistance spread. The current study focused on biodiversity, pathogenicity, and antibiotic resistance profile of 104 E. coli strains isolated from domestic animals in Eastern Sicily. The strains were isolated from sick animals and carcasses of six different animal species and screened for resistance against 16 antibiotic molecules, as recommended by WHO and OIE. The antibiotic resistance patterns highlighted that all strains were multi-resistant, showing resistance to at least three antibiotic classes. The highest incidence of resistance was observed against amoxicillin (100%), tylosin (97%), sulfamethoxazole (98%), and erythromycin (92%), while the lowest for colistin (8%). The pathotype characterization identified two EPEC strains and the study of genetic linkage (PFGE) showed a wide variety of profiles. The current study emphasized the wide range of multidrug resistance and genotyping profiles in E. coli isolated in Easter Sicily.

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Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Virulence Genes and Association with Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Southwestern Iran

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5812/jjm.117785 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa Boroumand ◽

Asghar Sharifi ◽

Mohammad Amin Ghatei ◽

Mohsen Sadrinasab

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains, encoding superficial and secretory virulence factors, can lead to colonization and facilitation of bacterial growth in the host urinary tract, causing Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Objectives: This study determined the ability of biofilm formation by the Congo red agar (CRA) method, the presence of virulence genes using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance patterns and virulence genes in E. coli clinical isolates in Yasuj. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 144 UPEC isolates collected in 2017. Biofilm formation was detected by the CRA phenotypic assay and virulence factors by the multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic resistance tests were performed by the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: Out of 144 isolates of E. coli, 22 (19.4%) isolates showed to be strong biofilm producers, 27 (23.8%) moderate biofilm producers, and 64 (56.3%) weak biofilm producers. A significant relationship was observed between biofilm-producing strains and resistance to ampicillin (P = 0.020) and cotrimoxazole (P = 0.038). The virulence genes in strong biofilm producers included iutA (95%), FimH (93%), ompT (90%), PAI (90%), and TraT (81%) genes. The phylogroup B2 carried the most virulence genes. A significant correlation was observed between E. coli phylogenetic groups and aer (P = 0.019), iroN (P = 0.042), and ompT (P = 0.032) virulence genes. Conclusions: The results of this study showed a high prevalence of virulence genes, and antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains capable of biofilm formation. The results of this study may help elucidate the pathogenesis of UPEC and facilitate better treatment strategies for patients with UTIs in this geographic area.

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Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ofEscherichia coli Isolates from Swine Farms

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.65.6.2770-2772.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 2770-2772 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

A. G. Mathew ◽

A. M. Saxton ◽

W. G. Upchurch ◽

S. E. Chattin

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Ofescherichia Coli ◽

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽

E Coli ◽

Swine Farms ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Farm Types

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from sows and pigs was determined to compare patterns between pigs of various ages and degrees of antibiotic use. Resistance patterns differed between farm types and pigs of differing ages, indicating that pig age and degree of antibiotic use affect resistance of fecal E. coli.

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Detection of CTX-M-15 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Colostrum and Faeces of Newborn Dairy Calves in China

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10091162 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1162

Author(s):

Zhiyuan He ◽

Sirui Yang ◽

Yulin Ma ◽

Shuyuan Zhang ◽

Zhijun Cao

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

First Case ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Conventional Antibiotics ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Synergy Testing

Newborn dairy calves are often colonized by multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum β-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC), which pose significant risks to global healthcare. As the first meal of calves, the role of dairy colostrum as a potential source of MDR-E. coli has not been well-studied. Here, we report on similar antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli strains, isolated from colostrum fed to dairy calves and their faeces. Four ESBL-EC strains from colostrum and faeces of newborn dairy calves were isolated by double-disc synergy testing and multiplex PCR. Strikingly, isolates from colostrum or faeces were found to have similar MDR profiles, showing a high resistance to cephalosporins and other conventional antibiotics. In addition, coexistence of blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-171 was detected on a self-transferable plasmid with a typical IncHI2 backbone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting on ESBL-EC strains carrying blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-171 genes, and isolated from faeces and the colostrum stock fed to the dairy calves.

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Detection of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, bla CTX-M and bla SHV) in uropathogens isolated from patients with UTI

10.51429/ejmm30313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 97-103

Author(s):

Hazem Hamed ◽

Asaad Gaber ◽

Eman M. EL Sehsah

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

High Rate ◽

E Coli ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Empiric Antibiotic ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽

Microbiological Techniques ◽

Empiric Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Antibiotics Susceptibility

Background: The problem of antibiotic resistance has become worldwide health issue among hospitalized patients in developing countries, where the inappropriate usage of antibiotics is common. The widespread occurrence of multidrug resistant strains (MDRS) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is currently considered avital medical challenge. The identification of ESβL genes and their MDRS in widely isolated uropathogens may provide a helpful tool for choosing effective antibiotic therapy and clinical improvement. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of (bla.TEM, bla.CTX-M, and bla.SHV) β-lactamase DNAs in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and MDRS of uropathogens E. coli and k. pneumoniae isolated from patients urine UTI diagnosed who were admitted to the Urology & Nephrology Center. Methodology: Clinical E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were isolated from urine specimens of UTI diagnosed patients. Microbiological techniques were utilised to identify the isolates. Antibiotics susceptibility analysis was done utilising the Vitek2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France). The double disc diffusion technique (DDDT) was used for detecting phenotypic ESBL in isolates. Using the traditional PCR technique, the ESBL genes were identified. Results: Antibiotic resistance of E. coli’s isolates to commonly used antibiotics was high (88.2% resistant to Amoxicillin/clavulanate, 83.5 % were resistant to Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) while minimum resistance appeared against Amikacin (AK) 10.5% and Imipenem (IP) 14%. For isolates of K. pneumoniae, the resistance was higher for nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin 96.6%, 83.3 %,83.3%, 80% respectively .In our study, out of 115 isolates, E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, 81 (70.43%) were phenotypically positive for ESβL by Combination Disc Test (CDT). The most commonly molecularly detected ESBL genes were TEM 80% of K. pneumoniae isolates and 77.6% of E. coli isolates .followed by SHV 70% of K. pneumoniae isolates and 34.1% of E. coli isolates and finally, CTXM 67% of isolates of E. coli and 63.3% of isolates of K. pneumoniae. Conclusions: The current study concluded that a high rate of resistance has been developed in uropathogens with empiric antibiotic treatment. It emphasized the alarming role of β-lactamases, especially ESßLs in antibiotic

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