scholarly journals Detailed Study on the Mechanical Properties and Activation Energy of Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends during Aging Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Quang Nguyen Trong ◽  
Hung Dang Viet ◽  
Linh Nguyen Pham Duy ◽  
Chuong Bui ◽  
Duong Duc La
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Aging

Selection of a suitable thermal aging process could render desirable mechanical properties of the rubbers or blended rubbers. In this work, the effect of the aging processes on the mechanical properties and activation energies of natural rubbers (NR) and NR/chloroprene rubbers (CR) blends with low CR contents (5–10%) was investigated. Three aging processes including heat aging (at 110°C for 22 hours), mechanical aging (under dynamic loading to 140% strain for 16000 cycles), and complex aging (heat and mechanical aging) were studied. The results revealed that the compatibility of CR in natural rubber matrix had a significant effect on the dynamic properties of the blended rubber and negligible effect on the static properties. The changes in activation energies of the blended rubber during aging processes were calculated using Arrhenius relation. The calculated changes (ΔUc, ΔUd, and ΔUT) in activation energies were consistent with the results of mechanical properties of the blended rubber. Interestingly, the change in activation energies using complex aging conditions (ΔUc) was mostly equal to the total changes in activation energies calculated separately from heat aging (ΔUT) and mechanical aging (ΔUd) conditions. This indicates that, in complex aging conditions, the heat and dynamic loading factors act independently on the properties of the blended rubber.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Chloroprene/Natural/Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposite Properties Using Organoclays and Their Combination with Carbon Black as Fillers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Patricia Castaño-Rivera ◽  
Isabel Calle-Holguín ◽  
Johanna Castaño ◽  
Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas ◽  
Karen Galvez-Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Organoclay nanoparticles (Cloisite® C10A, Cloisite® C15) and their combination with carbon black (N330) were studied as fillers in chloroprene/natural/butadiene rubber blends to prepare nanocomposites. The effect of filler type and load on the physical mechanical properties of nanocomposites was determined and correlated with its structure, compatibility and cure properties using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and rheometric analysis. Physical mechanical properties were improved by organoclays at 5–7 phr. Nanocomposites with organoclays exhibited a remarkable increase up to 46% in abrasion resistance. The improvement in properties was attributed to good organoclay dispersion in the rubber matrix and to the compatibility between them and the chloroprene rubber. Carbon black at a 40 phr load was not the optimal concentration to interact with organoclays. The present study confirmed that organoclays can be a reinforcing filler for high performance applications in rubber nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Rheometer Evidences for the Co-Curing Effect of a Bismaleimide in Conjunction with the Accelerated Sulfur on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Marek Pöschl ◽  
Shibulal Gopi Sathi ◽  
Radek Stoček ◽  
Ondřej Kratina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Ene Reactions ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

The rheometer curing curves of neat natural rubber (NR) and neat chloroprene rubber (CR) with maleide F (MF) exhibit considerable crosslinking torque at 180 °C. This indicates that MF can crosslink both these rubbers via Alder-ene reactions. Based on this knowledge, MF has been introduced as a co-crosslinking agent for a 50/50 blend of NR and CR in conjunction with accelerated sulfur. The delta (Δ) torque obtained from the curing curves of a blend with the addition of 1 phr MF was around 62% higher than those without MF. As the content of MF increased to 3 phr, the Δ torque was further raised to 236%. Moreover, the mechanical properties, particularly the tensile strength of the blend with the addition of 1 phr MF in conjunction with the accelerated sulfur, was around 201% higher than the blend without MF. The overall tensile properties of the blends cured with MF were almost retained even after ageing the samples at 70 °C for 72 h. This significant improvement in the curing torque and the tensile properties of the blends indicates that MF can co-crosslink between NR and CR via the Diels–Alder reaction.

Properties of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Aziz Azira ◽  
Dayang Habibah Abangismawi I. Hassim ◽  
D. Verasamy ◽  
Abu Bakar Suriani ◽  
M. Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Latex

In order to achieve improvements in the performance of rubber materials, the development of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced rubber composites was attempted. The CNT/epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) nanocomposite was prepared through latex technology. Physical and mechanical properties of the CNT/ENR nanocomposites were characterized in contrast to the carbon black (CB)/ENR composite. The dispersion of the CNTs in the rubber matrix and interfacial bonding between them were rather good; monitored transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the CNT-reinforced ENR showed a considerable increase compared to the neat ENR and traditional CB/ENR composite. The storage modulus of the CNT/ENR nanocomposites greatly exceeds that of neat ENR and CB/ENR composites and a maximum conductivity of about 1 S m-1 can be achieved. The approach presented can be adapted to other CNT/polymer latex systems.

Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of hydrogenated natural rubber/natural rubber blends

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 2813-2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hinchiranan ◽  
W. Lertweerasirikun ◽  
W. Poonsawad ◽  
G. L. Rempel ◽  
P. Prasassarakich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Cure Characteristics

BETTER BALANCE OF SILICA-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER TIRE TREAD COMPOUND PROPERTIES BY THE USE OF MONTMORILLONITE WITH OPTIMUM SURFACE MODIFIER CONTENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 000-000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irfan Fathurrohman ◽  
Supagorn Rugmai ◽  
Nabil Hayeemasae ◽  
Kannika Sahakaro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Key Factor

ABSTRACT Reinforcement of silica in tire tread compounds is known to reduce hysteresis or energy loss, which leads to a production of energy-saving tires. Even though silica–silane technology has been well established, further development to enhance its performance is still needed. One of the approaches is to use hybrid or dual filler. The use of silica-organomodified montmorillonite (MMT) dual filler in the reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) truck tire tread compounds is investigated. The NR-MMT master batches were prepared by using the in situ organomodified and latex compounding method. Because the surface-modifying agent or surfactant is a key factor in determining the level of MMT dispersion in the rubber matrix, the effect of quaternary amine salt (Q) contents on mechanical and dynamic properties of NR tread compounds reinforced by silica-MMT was studied. The results revealed that MMT and Q can effectively reduce the filler–filler interaction and complex viscosity owing to a good dispersion of MMT and silica in the NR matrix and Q, which acts as a dispersing agent in addition to the silane coupling agent used in the compound, leading to improvement in tensile, abrasion resistance, and dynamic mechanical properties with an increasing amount of Q. Furthermore, at the optimum content of the surfactant used (36 wt%), the silica-MMT–reinforced NR exhibited improved tensile strength (+4%), wet grip, and rolling resistance, respectively, as indicated by loss tangent at 0 °C (+6%) and 60 °C (−15%), while maintaining a modulus at 300% strain and abrasion resistance as compared with the silica-NR reference compound. Such a dual-filler system demonstrates its potential use for tire treads with better performance.

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of NiZn Ferrite/Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mou'ad A. Tarawneh ◽  
Sahrim Haji Ahmad ◽  
Yu Li Jiun ◽  
Radwan Dweiri ◽  
Ibrahim N. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber

In this paper the polymer nanocomposite of nickel zinc (NiZn) ferrite nanoparticles incorporated into the thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposite (TPNR) were prepared via melt blending method. The effect of different NiZn loading (2-10 wt%) on morphology, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the obtained composites was investigated. It was found that NiZn ferrite is well dispersed in the thermoplastic natural rubber matrix. The tensile results indicated that filler loading has improved the tensile strength and Youngs modulus of the nanocomposite. However, the elongation at break decreased with increasing the percentage of NiZn. Dynamic mechanical test showed that the highest storage modulus is at 8 wt% filler. Any further increment of the filler content leads to the formation of agglomerate hence affecting the properties. The Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) micrographs reveal aspect ratio and filler orientation in the TPNR matrix also strongly promoted interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix to control its properties.

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