scholarly journals Delivering Sustainable Solutions through Improved Mix and Structural Design Functions for Bitumen Stabilised Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
K. J. Jenkins ◽  
C. E. Rudman ◽  
C. R. Bierman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Design Function ◽  
Foamed Bitumen

The evolution of cold recycling using bitumen stabilisation technology has been supported by progressive research initiatives and best practice guidelines. The first generic guidelines for bitumen stabilised materials (BSMs) were published only in 2002. These guidelines provided a generic approach for the analysis of foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion technologies. From that point, bitumen stabilisation became the common term for the inclusion of either of the two bituminous binders. The TG2 2nd edition guideline of 2009 took a bold step recognising the shear properties of the bitumen stabilised material (BSM) as the key performance indicators. In addition, advancements in structural design and application of BSMs provided practitioners with robust guidelines. The subsequent decade has provided an opportunity to interrogate data from more than 300 BSM mix designs and 69 LTPP sections. The data have led to research developments including significant new performance properties of BSMs, refined mix design methods, and updated new pavement design methods. This includes an entire design process that has been updated with a streamlined mix design procedure and a new frontier curve for the pavement number design method, as well as a new mechanistic design function. It is anticipated that the research findings and implementation of the newly developed technology will lead to improved application in BSM technology.

SUPERPAVE VERSUS CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR DESIGNING NORMAL AND MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safwan Khedr ◽  
Maram Saudy
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt

Due to the empirical nature and drawbacks of the conventional procedures, the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHARP) has developed a Superior Performance Asphalt Pavements (SUPERPAVE) mix design procedure. The main objective of this research is to study the applicability of the Superpave in Egypt. This is done by studying aggregate characteristics using both the Superpave and the conventional techniques, investigating the normal (virgin) and SBS modified asphalt characteristics using Superpave, and designing asphalt mixtures comprised of the characterized materials using both the Superpave and the conventional Marshall design methods. Results indicate that Superpave is applicable to Egyptian aggregate with a more restrictive supervision of crushing aggregates and gradations (some gradations may need modifications). Mix design results indicated two main findings; first, most optimum asphalt contents (OAC) determined by the Superpave mix design method are consistently less than OAC determined by the Marshall Mix design method. Second, modified asphalt mixes result in less OAC than normal asphalt mixes according to both Marshall and Superpave mix design methods for both binder and surface layers.

Wave Rotor Design Method With Three Steps Including Experimental Validation

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shining Chan ◽  
Huoxing Liu ◽  
Fei Xing ◽  
Hang Song
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Wave Rotor ◽  
Rotor Design ◽  
Design Function ◽  
Analytic Design

This paper adapted and extended the preliminary two-step wave rotor design method with another step of experimental validation so that it became a self-validating wave rotor design method with three steps. First, the analytic design based on unsteady pressure wave models was elucidated and adapted to a design function. It was quick and convenient for a first prediction of the wave rotor. Second, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was adapted so that it helped to adjust the first prediction. It provided detailed information of the wave rotor inner flow. Thirdly, an experimental method was proposed to complement the validation of the wave rotor design. This experimental method realized tracing the pressure waves and the flows in the wave rotor with measurement on pressure and temperature distributions. The critical point of the experiment is that the essential flow characteristics in the rotor were reflected by the measurements in the static ports. In all, the three steps compensated for each other in a global design procedure, and formed an applicable design method for generic cases.

Stabilization and Structural Design of Marginal Materials for Use in Low-Volume Roads

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. E. Liebenberg ◽  
A. T. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Mechanistic Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Simulator ◽  
High Degree

The present structural design method available for bitumen emulsion-treated materials is mostly based on the experience of road engineers and does not provide the necessary guidelines for mechanistic analysis and design. Emulsion treatment is being used more frequently to improve marginal materials and rehabilitate existing badly deteriorated road. Research was conducted on the structural performance of emulsiontreated materials under heavy-vehicle simulator (HVS) and laboratory testing. The issues considered included strength, fatigue, and permanent deformation. The results showed that the emulsion-treated material has a two-phase behavior, namely, a precracked phase and a postcracked phase. The tests also showed that the material has a high degree of resistance to permanent deformation. The laboratory tests showed that cement contributes to the strength of the material, whereas the addition of enough emulsion improves the flexibility. The HVS testing data were used to develop preliminary structural design models for fatigue and permanent deformation.

Mix-design method of self-compacting concretes for pre-cast industry

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1459-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shen ◽  
I. Yurtdas ◽  
C. Diagana ◽  
A. Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete

Some mix-design methods for self-compacting concrete (SCC) have been proposed since the 1990s, but these methods do not address all practical needs. This paper proposes a method that enables the composition of SCC to be designed for a given strength (in this study, from 10 to 50 MPa at age 1 day or from 30 to 70 MPa at age 28 days). In this method, the compressive strength of SCC at an early age is considered an important parameter to answer the needs of the precast industry. The proposed mix-design method is based on optimizing the packing density of aggregates and ensuring the necessary quantity of paste to fill the voids between aggregates and to provide good fluidity of the SCC. The compressive strength of SCC can be estimated according to the Bolomey formula, and the quantity of superplasticizer can be determined by the proposed method.

Indirect and Direct Design Methods for Design of Reinforced Concrete Pipe

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 575-585
Author(s):  
Josh Beakley ◽  
Steven J. DelloRusso ◽  
Margarita Takou
Keyword(s):  
Applied Load ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Direct Design ◽  
Concrete Pipe

There are currently two acceptable methods by which concrete pipe may be designed per the AASHTO Bridge Design Specifications: the direct design method and the indirect design method. The evaluation of applied load is similar for both methods, however, evaluation of the pipe’s capacity to resist applied load differs between the two methods. The indirect design method uses physical three edge bearing (TEB) testing at the production facility based on a relationship between the forces in the pipe wall in the installed condition compared with forces in the pipe wall from the TEB test. The direct design method follows the conventional design procedure for concrete members where demand versus capacity is determined using load and resistance factors to account for variability in applied loads and resistant capacity of the structure. Because of advances in computer technology, the direct method has become easier to apply than it was in the past. However, the indirect method, which has been used for approximately 70 years, has demonstrated conservatism and is a proven design method. Comparison of similar installations using the two methods has resulted in disagreements with respect to the minimum required reinforcement, however, both methods are adequately conservative, and each may have its place depending on the size and strength of the pipe. This paper presents the fundamental differences between the two design methods and offers some guidance on when to use each of them.

Development of a Balanced Mix Design Method in Oregon to Improve Long-Term Pavement Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110322
Author(s):  
Shashwath Sreedhar ◽  
Erdem Coleri ◽  
Ihsan Ali Obaid ◽  
Vikas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Mix Design

Most state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and asphalt contractors do not think that commonly used asphalt mixture properties, such as voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), voids filled with asphalt (VFA), and dust-to-binder ratio, reflect the long-term performance of asphalt mixtures. In addition, there are several new additives, polymers, rubbers, and high-quality binder types incorporated into asphalt mixtures today. Volumetric mixture design methods are not capable of capturing the benefits of using all these new technologies on asphalt mixture performance. Furthermore, the interaction of virgin binders with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures with high binder replacement contents and the level of RAP binder blending into the asphalt mixture are still not well understood. Because of all these complications related to the more complex structure of asphalt mixtures, simple volumetric evaluations to determine the optimum binder content may not result in reliable asphalt mixture designs. Two volumetrically identical mixtures may provide completely different rutting and cracking performance according to laboratory tests. For all these reasons, in this study performance tests for rutting and cracking are incorporated into current asphalt mixture design methods to make it possible to validate or revise the optimum binder content determined by the volumetric mix design method (the only method currently used for asphalt mix design).

scholarly journals Decision Support Model for Design of High-Performance Concrete Mixtures Using Two-Phase AHP-TOPSIS Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Ahmed ◽  
M. N. Qureshi ◽  
Javed Mallick ◽  
Mohd. Abul Hasan ◽  
Mahmoud Hussain
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Concrete Mix Design ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Topsis Approach

Concrete mix design is the science to obtain concrete proportions of cement, water, and aggregate, based on the particular concrete design method and their mix design parameters. However, the suitability of concrete proportion for high-performance concrete depends on resulting mix factors, namely, water, cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate ratios. This paper implements the multicriteria decision-making techniques (MCDM) for ranking concrete mix factors and representative mix design methods. The study presents a framework to identify critical mix factors found from the concrete mix design methods for high-performance concrete using the two-phase AHP and TOPSIS approach. Three methods of concrete mix design, namely, American Concrete Institute (ACI) mix design method, Department of Energy (DOE) method, and Fineness Modulus (FM) method, are considered for ranking mix design methods and the resulting mix factors. Three hierarchy levels, having three criteria and seven subcriteria, and three alternatives are considered. The present research is attempted to provide MCDM framework to rank the concrete mix guidelines for any given environment such as concrete under sulphate and chloride attack and for evolving the performance-based concrete mix design techniques. Sensitivity and validation analysis is also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PMB and CRMB WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF BITUMEN (VG-30) USING MARSHALL MIX DESIGN METHOD-A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SATHEESHKANNA
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Comparative Performance

Waste generated from industries and from various places around us not only contains rubber or plastics but contains lot many harmful pollutants whichare hazardous if disposed continuously in open and leftto degrade in our environment.Our project aims to study properties of different materials which may help in utilising the waste as well as improve the quality of roads and make them efficient, stable, durable and long lasting. Some of the materials that we have studied and considered to be tested in the partial replacement of bitumen are PMB and CRMB.

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