scholarly journals Aquifer Vulnerability: Its Protection and Management—A Case Study in Pangkalpinang City, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Gumilar Utamas Nugraha ◽  
Karit Lumban Gaol ◽  
Priyo Hartanto ◽  
Hendra Bakti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
High Level

Increased anthropogenic activity in urban areas has exacerbated the vulnerability of groundwater resources. The AVI, GOD, SINTACS, and DRASTIC methods were used to analyze groundwater vulnerability in Pangkalpinang City. Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding was used to determine the lithology and aquifer configuration in the study area. There are three vulnerability index areas in the city of Pangkalpinang. Low levels of aquifer vulnerability were generally found in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the study area, whereas high levels of aquifer vulnerability were discovered in the northern and southern parts of the study area. Areas with low aquifer vulnerability levels generally have low hydraulic conductivity values on the protective layer. In these areas, groundwater extraction is possible with a reasonable extraction pattern. Industrial areas can also be built by considering environmental aspects. In an area with high-level aquifer vulnerability, groundwater pollution must be considerably managed. The areas should not be designated for industrial areas and excess groundwater extraction.

scholarly journals Integrating hydrogeological and second-order geo-electric indices in groundwater vulnerability mapping: A case study of alluvial environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyakno Jimmy George
Keyword(s):  
Protective Layer ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping ◽  
Longitudinal Unit Conductance ◽  
S Model

AbstractAVI (Aquifer vulnerability index), GOD (groundwater occurrence, overlying lithology and depth to the aquifer), GLSI (geo-electric layer susceptibility indexing) and S (longitudinal unit conductance) models were used to assess economically exploitable groundwater resource in the coastal environment of Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria. The models were employed in order to delineate groundwater into its category of vulnerability to contamination sources using the first- and second-order geo-electric indices as well as hydrogeological inputs. Vertical electrical sounding technique employing Schlumberger electrode configuration was carried out in 16 locations, close to logged boreholes with known aquifer core samples. Primary or first-order geo-electric indices (resistivity, thickness and depth) measured were used to determine S. The estimated aquifer hydraulic conductivity, K, calculated from grain size diameter and water resistivity values were used to calculate hydraulic resistance (C) used to estimate AVI. With the indices assigned to geo-electric parameters on the basis of their influences, GOD and FSLI were calculated using appropriate equations. The geologic sequence in the study area consists of geo-electric layers ranging from motley topsoil, argillites (clayey to fine sands) and arenites (medium to gravelly sands). Geo-electric parametric indices of aquifer overlying layers across the survey area were utilized to weigh the vulnerability of the underlying water-bearing resource to the contaminations from surface and near-surface, using vulnerability maps created. Geo-electrically derived model maps reflecting AVI, BOD, FLSI and S were compared to assess their conformity to the degree of predictability of groundwater vulnerability. The AVI model map shows range of values of log C ( −3.46—0.07) generally less than unity and hence indicating high vulnerability. GOD model tomographic map displays a range of 0.1–0.3, indicating that the aquifer with depth range of 20.5 to 113.1 m or mean depth of 72. 3 m is lowly susceptible to surface and near-surface impurities. Again, the FLSI map displays a range of FLSI index of 1.25 to 2.75, alluding that the aquifer underlying the protective layer has a low to moderate vulnerability. The S model has values ranging from 0.013 to 0.991S. As the map indicates, a fractional portion of the aquifer at the western (Ikot Abasi) part of the study area has moderate to good protection (moderate vulnerability) while weak to poor aquifer protection (high vulnerability) has poor protection. The S model in this analysis seems to overstate the degree of susceptibility to contamination than the AVI, GOD and GLSI models. From the models, the categorization of severity of aquifer vulnerability to contaminations is relatively location-dependent and can be assessed through the model tomographic maps generated.

Application of a GIS-based DRASTIC model and groundwater quality index method for evaluation of groundwater vulnerability: a case study, Sefid-Dasht

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Khodabakhshi ◽  
Gholamreza Asadollahfardi ◽  
Nima Heidarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Groundwater Quality Index ◽  
The North

Pollution control and removal of pollutants from groundwater are a challenging and expensive task. The aims of this paper are to determine the aquifer vulnerability of Sefid-Dasht, in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, using the DRASTIC model. In addition, the groundwater quality index (GQI) technique was applied to assess the groundwater quality and study the spatial variability of major ion concentrations using a geographic information system (GIS). The vulnerability index ranged from 65 to 132, classified into two classes: low and moderate vulnerability. In the southern part of the aquifer, the vulnerability was moderate. Furthermore, the results indicate that the magnitude of the GQI index varies from 92% to 95%. This means the water has a suitable quality. However, from the north to the south and southwest of the aquifer, the water quality has been deteriorating, and the highest concentration of major ions was found in the southwest of the Sefid-Dasht aquifer. A comparison of the vulnerability maps with the GQI index map indicated a poor relation between them. In the DRASTIC method, movement of groundwater is not considered and may be the reason for such inconsistency. However, the movement of groundwater can transport contaminants.

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TO SEAWATER INTRUSION THROUGH GIS - BASED GALDIT METHOD. CASE STUDY: ATALANTI COASTAL AQUIFER, CENTRAL GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lappas ◽  
A. Kallioras ◽  
F. Pliakas ◽  
Th. Rondogianni
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Occurrence ◽  
Boundary Parameter ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Galdit Method

Groundwater resources assessment has resulted in development of models that help identify the vulnerable zones. This paper presents a GIS-based hydrogeological index, named GALDIT, aiming at the assessment of aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion in Atalanti coastal aquifer, Central-Eastern Greece. The above acronym is formed from the most important factors controlling seawater intrusion, that is, four intrinsic hydrogeological parameters, one spatial parameter and one boundary parameter including Groundwater occurrence (aquifer type), Aquifer hydraulic conductivity, depth to groundwater Level above the sea (hydraulic head), Distance from the shore, Impact of seawater intrusion and aquifer’s Thickness. These factors nclude the basic requirements needed to assess the general salinization potential of each hydrogeological setting. Each parameter is evaluated with respect to the other to determine the relative importance of each factor. GALDIT model is described to assess and quantify the significance of vulnerability to seawater intrusion due to excessive groundwater withdrawals. Different thematic maps are prepared for seawater intrusion indicators and overlaid to develop the final vulnerability map. The derived map can be used as a tool for coastal groundwater resources management and areas’ determination of potential saltwater intrusion since the result of GALDIT ndex is classified based on vulnerability rate.

scholarly journals Time-dependent methods to evaluate the effects of urban sprawl on groundwater quality: a synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Stevenazzi
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Lombardy Region

Freshwater resources are threatened worldwide with unknown and unpredictable fate, due to non-stationarity and change of water cycle dynamics, and increasing demand resulting from population growth and economic expansion. Thus, practical actions, strategies and solutions are necessary to ensure the short-term and long-term provision of adequate, affordable, accessible and safe freshwater supply to meet the needs of the growing human population and ecosystems. Since the mid-1950s, Europe is experiencing the phenomenon of urban sprawl, characterized by an unplanned incremental urban development, no more tied with population growth (EEA 2006). Impacts of urban sprawl threaten both the natural and rural environments and the quality of life for people living in cities, with worsening of air quality, and surface- and groundwater quality and quantity. For the protection of groundwater, the European Union issued a series of Directives (Water Framework Directive, 2000/60/EC; Groundwater Directive, 2006/118/EC) that require member states to achieve a good chemical status of their groundwater bodies and the identification of areas where groundwater suffers increasing trends in contaminant concentrations. In order to cope with EU Directives, a time-dependent approach for groundwater vulnerability assessment is developed to account for both the recent status of groundwater contamination and its evolution in the Po Plain area of Lombardy Region (northern Italy). Such approach takes the advantages of a Bayesian spatial statistical method to assess groundwater vulnerability and satellite scatterometer data to delineate urban areas and monitor their evolution. The proposed approach can determine potential impacts of contamination events on groundwater quality, if policies are maintained at the status quo or if new measures are implemented for safeguarding groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Anthropic Pollution Impacts on Groundwater Vulnerability Based on Modified DRASTIC-FAHP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Goodarzi ◽  
Amirreza R. Niknam ◽  
Vahid Jamali ◽  
Hamid Reza Pourghasemi ◽  
Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Modified Drastic ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Abstract In arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran, groundwater is more important for humans and ecosystems than surface water. Different models of groundwater vulnerability assessment can be used to better manage water resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the qualitative vulnerability of groundwater resources in the Birjand Plain aquifer using the DRASTIC model and 7 hydrogeological components. DRASTIC model was also modified by adding a land use component (MDRASTIC) based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) methods. After calculating the vulnerability index, the vulnerability of each method was mapped and the final index obtained from each method was classified into 4 different categories. Nitrate concentration was used to confirm the results and to analyze the sensitivity of a single parameter. Sensitivity analysis showed that the groundwater vulnerability is mainly affected by water depth and land use. To validate each of the models, their correlation with nitrate concentration was calculated and compared. To determine the correlation coefficient, simple linear regression method was performed and the Pearson and Spearman methods were used. According to the obtained Pearson correlation results, the DRASTIC, MDRASTIC, MDRASTIC-AHP, and MDRASTIC-FAHP models resulted in values of 0.550, 0.680, 0.778, and 0.794respectively. The results show a good correlation between the modified DRASTIC-FAHP model and nitrate concentration as an indicator of groundwater pollution.

scholarly journals GIS-based assessment of aquifer vulnerability using DRASTIC Model: A case study on Kodaganar basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Colins ◽  
M. C. Sashikkumar ◽  
P. A. Anas ◽  
M. Kirubakaran
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The Impact

<p>Groundwater is vulnerable and more susceptible to contamination from various anthropogenic elements. Various steps are taken to measure the groundwater vulnerability for a sustainable groundwater development. The present study estimates the aquifer vulnerability by applying DRASTIC model in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The DRASTIC model uses seven hydrological parameters which include depth to water level, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity. DRASTIC index was calculated from DRASTIC model that ranged from 31 to 154. All these parameters characterize the hydrological setting for evaluating aquifer vulnerability. Sensitivity analyses have also been performed to determine the sensitivity of every individual DRASTIC parameter towards the aquifer vulnerability. Sensitivity analysis indicated that all the parameters have an almost similar influence on vulnerability index. Depth to water parameter inflicts larger impact on aquifer vulnerability followed by recharge, topography and soil Media. The whole of Kodaganar basin is classified into very low, low, moderate and high vulnerable zones. Nearly three- fourth of the basin has very low and low vulnerability. Incorporating DRASTIC model in the GIS environment has proved efficient in handling large volumes of data and in determining the groundwater vulnerability. </p><p> </p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><strong>Evaluación basada en el Sistema de Información Geográ ca a la vulnerabilidad de un acuífero a partir del método DRASTIC: caso de estudio en la cuenca Kodaganar </strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>El agua subterránea es vulnerable y más susceptible a la contaminación de varios elementos antropogénicos. Se midió la vulnerabilidad del agua subterránea en varias etapas para establecer el desarrollo sustentable de la fuente acuífera. Este trabajo estima la vulnerabilidad del agua subterránea por la aplicación del método DRASTIC en el entorno del Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS, en inglés). El método DRASTIC utiliza siete parámetros hidrológicos: profundidad del agua subterránea, recarga neta, litología del acuífero, tipo de suelo, topografía naturaleza de la zona no saturada y conductividad hidráulica del acuífero. El índice DRASTIC fue calculado a través de este método y que oscila entre 31 y 154 unidades. Estos parámetros caracterizan la configuración hidrológica para la evaluación de vulnerabilidad del acuífero. También se realizaron los análisis de susceptibilidad para determinar la respuesta de cada parámetro DRASTIC frente a la vulnerabilidad del agua subterránea. El análisis de susceptibilidad indicó que todos los parámetros tienen una influencia similar en el índice de vulnerabilidad. El parámetro de profundidad ocasiona un mayor impacto en el índice de vulnerabilidad, seguido por la recarga, la topografía y el tipo de suelo. Toda la cuenca de Kodaganar se clasifica en zonas de vulnerabilidad muy baja, baja, moderada y alta. La incorporación del método DRASTIC en el entorno GIS prueba la e ciencia en el manejo de grandes volúmenes de información y en la evaluación de vulnerabilidad de aguas subterráneas.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability and Pollution Risk using AVI Model, PSI and RGPI Indexes: Applied to Southern Gabes Aquifer System, Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounir Atoui ◽  
Belgacem Agoubi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Pollution Risk ◽  
Aquifer System

Abstract Southern Gabes aquifer is part of coastal Jeffara plain located in southeastern Tunisia. It consists a semi-arid area in which groundwater is the main source to water supply for several socio-economic sectors. Southern Gabes aquifer suffers from excessive abstraction and heavy anthropogenic pressures that make local groundwater resources threatened by pollution risks. This study aims to assess groundwater vulnerability, evaluate and delineate groundwater risk regions. For this a 17 water samples were carried out in the study area and chemical composition were analyzed. A well-known AVI model has been used to assess aquifer vulnerability and new algorithms of sensitivity to pollution index (PSI) and risk groundwater to pollution index (RGPI) were implemented and used to assess, classify and mapping groundwater pollution risk. The method used in this study seems giving more precise results compared to conventional approaches. Moreover, this method allows assessing the pollution risk with flexible and reliable algorithm even with limited dataset. Results reveal that study area suffers from high risk. 41% of total surface of study area has a very high risk. Nonetheless only 30% of study area has a low to insignificant risk to pollution which necessitates taking severe precautions to protect the southern Gabes aquifer system. Hence, the poor natural protective capacity of study area needs a rapid intervention by local authorities in order to develop proactive solutions to protect and preserve groundwater resources from pollution risks and establish a long-term program for groundwater resources sustainable development.

scholarly journals Application of Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI) method to assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination in Semarang urban area

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Triadi Putranto ◽  
Narulita Santi ◽  
Dian Agus Widiarso ◽  
Dimas Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
Sedimentary Layer

An approach to assess groundwater to contamination is developing groundwater vulnerability map. Groundwater vulnerability is formulated as an intrinsic relative, the dimensionless property of a groundwater system that depends on its sensitivity to unfavourable human and natural impacts. Thus, to assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination in Semarang urban area is the objective of this research by using Aquifer Vulnerability Index (AVI). This method considered of two parameters related to the unsaturated zone, i.e. thickness (d) of each sedimentary layer in the unsaturated zone and Estimated hydraulic conductivity (K) of these sedimentary layers. There are five levels of groundwater vulnerability by using AVI method, i.e. extremely low, low, moderate/medium, high, and extremely high. The thinner the layer covers the aquifer, and the higher the value of the hydraulic conductivity of sediment layers will be increasingly vulnerable to pollution.

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