scholarly journals Submarine Cable Detection Method Based on Multisensor Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yikang Chen ◽  
Xiaojun Li ◽  
Chi Cai ◽  
Cong Wu ◽  
Weijia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Fault Prediction ◽  
Submarine Cable ◽  
Electromagnetic Detection ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Sea Area

Submarine cable is widely used in today’s oil industry, and it is a much hidden large-scale industrial facility, which vigorously promotes the development of people’s lives. With the widespread use of submarine cables based on multisensor communication, as far as the current situation is concerned, this paper makes a report and summary on the research of submarine cable detection method in shallow sea area (sea area within 200 m). According to the implementation of the project and the way of controlling variables, the current common detection modes are planned, fault prediction, fault diagnosis, fault analysis and summary, and experimental data comparison, and then, we can use Brillouin radio frequency to prevent the occurrence of submarine cable fault, and when the fault occurs, we can detect the fault at the first time. The feedback value range of TTSL electromagnetic detection is very stable, and the Brillouin scattering frequency is within the normal fluctuation range. In deep-sea exploration, TTSL electromagnetic detection can detect faults for submarine cables and will not affect the fault in all aspects of waveform and wavelength. Finally, the best path and future development trend of submarine cable detection method are obtained by analyzing and summarizing the detection data, and a complete scheme plan such as some preventive measures and repair technology is put forward.

scholarly journals Research on Transient Electromagnetic Detection Method for Substation Site Selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
Yang Bo ◽  
Wang Qian ◽  
Xu Zhengyu ◽  
Bao Minghui
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Electromagnetic Detection ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Selection Of

A transient electromagnetic detection method for site selection of substation grounding is proposed in this paper. And taking the fault detection experiment of transmission lines in a certain area of China as an example, the transient electromagnetic technology is used to obtain high-quality images reflecting the development trend and distribution of geological faults. The results show that the transient electromagnetic method is a convenient and effective way for substation site selection.

scholarly journals Contributions of Vegetation Greening and Climate Change to Evapotranspiration Trend after Large-Scale Vegetation Restoration on the Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Chenfeng Cui ◽  
Qin Dai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
The Loess Plateau

Since the early 2000s, the vegetation cover of the Loess Plateau (LP) has increased significantly, which has been fully recorded. However, the effects on relevant eco-hydrological processes are still unclear. Here, we made an investigation on the changes of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) during 2000–2018 and connected them with vegetation greening and climate change in the LP, based on the remote sensing data with correlation and attribution analysis. Results identified that the average annual ETa on the LP exhibited an obvious increasing trend with the value of 9.11 mm yr−1, and the annual ETa trend was dominated by the changes of ETa in the third quarter (July, August, and September). The future trend of ETa was predicted by the Hurst exponent. Partial correlation analysis indicated that annual ETa variations in 87.8% regions of the LP were controlled by vegetation greening. Multiple regression analysis suggested that the relative contributions of potential evapotranspiration (ETp), precipitation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), to the trend of ETa were 5.7%, −26.3%, and 61.4%, separately. Vegetation greening has a close relationship with the Grain for Green (GFG) project and acts as an essential driver for the long-term development trend of water consumption on the LP. In this research, the potential conflicts of water demanding between the natural ecosystem and social-economic system in the LP were highlighted, which were caused by the fast vegetation expansion.

Advances in Water Treatment Application of Sepiolite Mineral Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Meng Ran Tang ◽  
Ji Yuan Li ◽  
Qing Guo Tang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Group Mineral ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Treatment Application

Synthetic nanomaterials have the disadvantages of large-scale investment, high energy consumption, complex production process and heavy environmental load. Mineral nanomaterials such as sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials are characterized by small size effect, quantum size effect and surface effect. Water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials has become an active research area and showed good development and application prospects. Based on the above reasons, this paper systematically summarizes the water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials, and development trend related to water treatment application of sepiolite group mineral nanomaterials were also proposed.

Towards multi-method geophysical sensing on submarine cables 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwen Zhan ◽  
Mattia Cantono ◽  
Jorge Castellanos ◽  
Miguel González Herráez ◽  
Zhensheng Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Interferometry ◽  
Distributed Sensing ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Submarine Cable ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Rayleigh Backscattering ◽  
Submarine Earthquakes ◽  
Distributed Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Submarine Cables

<p>The oceans present a major gap in geophysical instrumentation, hindering fundamental research on submarine earthquakes and the Earth’s interior structure, as well as effective earthquake and tsunami warning for offshore events. Emerging fiber-optic sensing technologies that can leverage submarine telecommunication cables present an new opportunity in filling the data gap. Marra et al. (2018) turned a 96 km long submarine cable into a sensitive seismic sensor using ultra-stable laser interferometry of a round-tripped signal. Another technology, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), interrogates intrinsic Rayleigh backscattering and converts tens of kilometers of dedicated fiber into thousands of seismic strainmeters on the seafloor (e.g., Lindsey et al., 2019; Sladen et al., 2019; Williams et al., 2019; Spica et al., 2020). Zhan et al. (2021) successfully sensed seismic and water waves over a 10,000 km long submarine cable connecting Los Angeles and Valparaiso, by monitoring the polarization of regular optical telecommunication channels. However, these new technologies have substantially different levels of sensitivity, coverage, spatial resolution, and scalability. In this talk, we advocate that strategic combinations of the different sensing techniques (including conventional geophysical networks) are necessary to provide the broadest coverage of the seafloor while making high-fidelity, physically interpretable measurements. Strategic collaborations between the geophysics community and telecommunication community without burdening the telecomm operation (e.g., by multiplexing or using regular telecom signals) will be critical to the long term success.</p><p> </p><p>Marra, G., C. Clivati, R. Luckett, A. Tampellini, J. Kronjäger, L. Wright, A. Mura, F. Levi, S. Robinson, A. Xuereb, B. Baptie, D. Calonico, 2018. Ultrastable laser interferometry for earthquake detection with terrestrial and submarine cables. Science, eaat4458.</p><p>Lindsey, N.J., T. C. Dawe, J. B. Ajo-Franklin, 2019. Illuminating seafloor faults and ocean dynamics with dark fiber distributed acoustic sensing. Science. <strong>366</strong>, 1103–1107.</p><p>Sladen, A., D. Rivet, J. P. Ampuero, L. De Barros, Y. Hello, G. Calbris, P. Lamare, 2019. Distributed sensing of earthquakes and ocean-solid Earth interactions on seafloor telecom cables. Nat Commun. <strong>10</strong>, 5777.</p><p>Spica, Z.J., Nishida, K., Akuhara, T., Pétrélis, F., Shinohara, M. and Yamada, T., 2020. Marine Sediment Characterized by Ocean‐Bottom Fiber‐Optic Seismology. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(16), p.e2020GL088360.</p><p>Williams, E.F., M. R. Fernández-Ruiz, R. Magalhaes, R. Vanthillo, Z. Zhan, M. González-Herráez, H. F. Martins, 2019. Distributed sensing of microseisms and teleseisms with submarine dark fibers. Nat Commun. <strong>10</strong>, 5778.</p><p>Zhan, Z., M. Cantono, V. Kamalov, A. Mecozzi, R. Muller, S. Yin, J.C. Castellanos, 2021. Optical polarization-based seismic and water wave sensing on transoceanic cables. Science, in press.</p>

scholarly journals Research progress of carbon-assisted etching of silicon nanostructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2076 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Ling Tong ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Baoguo Zhang ◽  
Zhiyuan Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Silicon Nanostructures ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
Silicon Based

Abstract Silicon nanostructures are attracting growing attention due to their properties and promising application prospects in solar energy conversion and storage devices, thermoelectric devices, lithium-ion batteries, and biosensing technologies. The large-scale and low-cost preparation of silicon nanostructures is critical for silicon-based advanced functional devices commercialization. In this paper, the feasibility and mechanism of silicon nanostructure fabricated by non-metallic carbon catalytic etching, as well as the currently existing problems and future development trend are reviewed.

Applications and Development of Soft Materials in DC/DC Converter Modules

2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Cheng Hu Du ◽  
Sheng Yu Dong ◽  
Jiang Ping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Application Scope

DC/DC converter modules have been used in military and civil industrials on a large scale. This paper mainly elaborates the application scope and characteristics of soft materials, which are used in DC/DC converter modules, and the effect of core type and integrating method on converter modules were researched. The development trend is pointed out combining with the technology of DC/DC converter modules.

The relationship between source supply and mixed deposition of siliciclastic and carbonate: First to second member of the Shahejie Formation, Paleogene, Bohai Sea area, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Zhengyu Li ◽  
Huiyong Li ◽  
Can Zhang ◽  
Meng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bohai Sea ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Strong Source ◽  
Shahejie Formation ◽  
Mixed Sediments ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Buried Hill

There are various types of mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments developed in the Bohai Sea area during the period of the first to second member of the Shahejie Formation (E2s1-2) of the Paleocene. We have concluded that the period of E2s1-2 was very suitable for the development of carbonate minerals and organisms because of the stable tectonic background, the weak siliciclastic influence of large source systems outside the basin, and the high salinity of the water. There were many local uplifts inside the basin during E2s1-2, and the source area, supply direction, and quantity of the local provenance varied greatly. We summarized that the mixed sediments generally developed in the intermittent and stagnant periods of the source supply, or on the flank or distal end of the source supply direction due to the absence of direct interference of terrigenous clasts. To a large extent, the formation of different types of mixed deposits is controlled by the different spatiotemporal relationship with siliciclastic supply. The background of strong source supply led to the formation of large-scale mixed deposits that were mainly composed of terrigenous clasts. Mixed deposits are mainly composed of organisms and carbonate with relatively large depositional thickness formed on the flank of source supply in the steep slope area. On the flank of source supply in the gentle slope belt, thinner mixed deposits with terrigenous clasts mainly formed and thin-layer carbonate clastic-dominated deposits formed on abandoned deltas. On the uplift of the buried hill far away from the provenance, thick mixed deposits mainly composed of bioclastic were formed whereas fine-grained mixed deposits formed under the low-energy argillaceous background.

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