scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Network-Processed MRI Images in the Diagnosis of Plastic Bronchitis in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiaoqun Chen ◽  
Rong Lu ◽  
Feng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Plastic Bronchitis ◽  
Pulmonary Atelectasis ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Segmentation Accuracy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Lung Lobes

Objective. The study focused on the features of the convolutional neural networks- (CNN-) processed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images for plastic bronchitis (PB) in children. Methods. 30 PB children were selected as subjects, including 19 boys and 11 girls. They all received the MRI examination for the chest. Then, a CNN-based algorithm was constructed and compared with Active Appearance Model (AAM) algorithm for segmentation effects of MRI images in 30 PB children, factoring into occurring simultaneously than (OST), Dice, and Jaccard coefficient. Results. The maximum Dice coefficient of CNN algorithm reached 0.946, while that of active AAM was 0.843, and the Jaccard coefficient of CNN algorithm was also higher (0.894 vs. 0.758, P < 0.05 ). The MRI images showed pulmonary inflammation in all subjects. Of 30 patients, 14 (46.66%) had complicated pulmonary atelectasis, 9 (30%) had the complicated pleural effusion, 3 (10%) had pneumothorax, 2 (6.67%) had complicated mediastinal emphysema, and 2 (6.67%) had complicated pneumopericardium. Also, of 30 patients, 19 (63.33%) had lung consolidation and atelectasis in a single lung lobe and 11 (36.67%) in both two lung lobes. Conclusion. The algorithm based on CNN can significantly improve the segmentation accuracy of MRI images for plastic bronchitis in children. The pleural effusion was a dangerous factor for the occurrence and development of PB.

Decortication, thoracic omentalization, and pericardiectomy for treatment of severe fibrosing pleuritis in a cat

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Danny Sack ◽  
Philip Hyndman ◽  
Melissa Milligan ◽  
Daniel Spector
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Thoracic Radiography ◽  
Pulmonary Atelectasis ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Lung Lobes

Abstract CASE DESCRIPTION A 5-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of an acute onset of dyspnea and open-mouthed breathing. CLINICAL FINDINGS Thoracic radiography revealed pleural effusion and signs consistent with restrictive pleuritis, and results of preoperative CT were consistent with diffuse, severe restrictive pleuritis, bilateral pleural effusion, and pulmonary atelectasis. Thoracocentesis yielded a red, turbid fluid that was identified as chylous effusion with chronic inflammation. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Exploratory thoracotomy revealed diffuse, severe fibrous adhesions between the mediastinum, heart, lung lobes, and thoracic wall, with a thick fibrous capsule enveloping all lung lobes. Surgical treatment consisted of complete pleural decortication, pericardiectomy, and thoracic omentalization. The cat remained hospitalized for 6 days, receiving oxygen supplementation, multimodal analgesia, and supportive care. Long-term home care consisted of prednisolone administration, rutin supplementation, and provision of a low-fat diet. At recheck examinations 3-, 7-, and 20-weeks postoperatively, the cat remained tachypneic, but was otherwise clinically normal without dyspnea or respiratory distress. Follow-up thoracic radiography revealed improved pulmonary expansion, decreased pleural effusion, and resolved pneumothorax. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgical management of fibrosing pleuritis secondary to idiopathic chylothorax in cats has historically resulted in poor outcomes. This report details the first successful use of complete decortication in the surgical management of severe fibrosing pleuritis in a cat.

Mechanisms leading to lung edema in pulmonary embolization

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Kabins ◽  
J. Fridman ◽  
J. Neustadt ◽  
G. Espinosa ◽  
L. N. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Lysergic Acid ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Pulmonary Infarction ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Pulmonary Embolization ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Lung Lobes

A localized pulmonary infarction was produced by injecting a starch suspension into the pulmonary artery wedge position of one lung lobe in pentobarbitalized dogs, and the effect of three so-called antiserotonins on the ensuing pulmonary edema was determined. Edema was inhibited in the nonembolized lung lobes in 88% of the B.A.S. (1-benzyl-2-methyl-5-methoxytryptamine HCl), 45% of the DHE (dihydroergotamine), and 12% of the BOL (2-brom- d-lysergic acid diethylamide) dogs. Reasons are given for assuming that the actions of B.A.S. and DHE are due to their antiadrenergic rather than to any antiserotonin properties which they may have. Serotonin, therefore, at most has a slight role in the pulmonary edema formation caused by starch emboli. It is postulated that the emboli by producing an infarct and setting up a reflex mediated through the sympathetic nervous system, cause the release in turn of catecholamines and of histamine, the latter being immediately responsible for the capillary permeability change leading to pulmonary edema.

Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of lung lobe torsions in cats: a review of 10 cases (2000–2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110548
Author(s):  
Catherine Tindale ◽  
Filippo Cinti ◽  
Matteo Cantatore ◽  
Alistair Freeman ◽  
Leonardo Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Lobes

Case series summary Lung lobe torsion is rare in cats. The aim of this multi-institution retrospective study was to describe clinical and diagnostic findings, treatments and outcomes of lung lobe torsion (LLT) in 10 cats. Dyspnoea and tachypnoea were the most common clinical signs. Pleural effusion was present in nine cats at presentation. Fluid analysis confirmed chylothorax in three cats. Nine cats underwent CT and five cats had thoracic radiographs taken. A diagnosis was made preoperatively in six cats, while in the other four cats it was made at exploratory thoracotomy. Affected lung lobes were the right cranial (n = 4/11), left cranial (n = 4/11) and right middle (n = 3/11). One cat had a concurrent torsion of two lung lobes. Lung lobectomy was successfully performed in all cases. Based on clinical, diagnostic and lung histopathology findings, three cats had idiopathic and seven cats secondary LLT. Intraoperative complications included hypotension and hypothermia in four and five cats, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in six cats and lead to euthanasia or death in four cats, whereas complications resolved in the other two cats. Three cats were euthanased within 5 weeks of discharge. For the three cats surviving long term, including one euthanased at 252 days postoperatively, owner-described outcomes and quality of life were considered good to excellent. Relevance and novel information Secondary LLT associated with underlying thoracic pathology was associated with high complication rates and poor outcomes. Long-term outcomes of cats undergoing surgery for LLT and surviving the perioperative period were deemed good to excellent.

scholarly journals P1735 Jellyfish sign, not all echocardiographic findings are related to heart disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lambarri Izaguirre ◽  
M Codina Prat ◽  
K Ugedo Alzaga ◽  
R Candina Urizar ◽  
M Castellanos Alcalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Left Pleural Effusion ◽  
Echocardiographic Findings

Abstract We report the case of a 71-year-old man, without any previous history of cardiovascular disease, who was derived to our echocardiography laboratory because of a six-month period of dyspnoea. In the echocardiographic examination, various pleural masses which depended from the left visceral pleura were found, surrounded by, what it seemed, an abnormally located severe anterior pleural effusion, which caused left lung atelectasis (jellyfish sign, complete atelectasis of a lung lobe which floats above a massive pleural effusion) with a less important pericardial effusion (Figure 1). After the echocardiographic findings, a total body Computed Axial Tomography (CAT) scan and a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) were performed, confirming various left pleural implants and a severe left pleural effusion causing a big left lung atelectasis with widespread cervical, thoracic and abdominopelvic adenophaties, suggestive of advanced lymphoma. The cytological exam of the pleural liquid obtained by the thoracentesis procedure, showed a monotonous population of predominantly medium size cells with signs of nuclear indentation compatible with a pleural affection by a germinal center follicular lymphoma. Pleural effusion is a common complication of lymphomas (20-30%) and is considered as one of the factors adversely influencing overall survival, as in most of the cases, serous cavity involvement is part of a disseminated disease process. The thoracic duct obstruction and impaired lymphatic drainage appear to be the primary mechanism for pathogenesis of pleural effusion in Hodgkin´s disease and direct pleural infiltration is the predominant cause in non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma. Because the descending thoracic aorta is interposed between the pericardium anteriorly and the pleura posteriorly, echocardiography may be a useful landmark in the differentiation of posterior effusions. However, sometimes due to the abnormal position of the effusion, it might be difficult to differentiate between pericardial and pleural effusions, with the need, as in our case, to perform a multi-modality imaging study with a CAT and PET scan, followed by a cytological exam, to confirm the diagnosis and to guide the posterior treatment. Finally, we would like to underline the importance of familiarizing ourselves on the basics of pulmonary echocardiography, as these findings are frequent during the performance of echocardiography in our daily practice. Abstract P1735 Figure. Jellyfish sign in pleural effusion

Constrictive Bronchiolitis Obliterans in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Lynn Wylie ◽  
Daniel Langlois ◽  
Stephan Carey ◽  
Nathan C. Nelson ◽  
Kurt J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Airway Lumen ◽  
Alveolar Collapse ◽  
Airway Pathology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lobes

ABSTRACTA 2 yr old, neutered male rottweiler was evaluated for a chronic cough that had acutely worsened. Computed tomographic examination revealed a diffuse alveolar pattern in the right, middle, and left cranial lung lobes. Aerated parenchymal tissue was not observed in the left cranial lung lobe, and both lobes were markedly decreased in volume. Lobectomy of the right middle and left cranial lung lobes was performed. Histopathologic examination of both lungs identified alveolar collapse associated with marked chronic bronchial and bronchiolar luminal concentric fibrosis leading to reduced airway lumen diameter and bronchiolar destruction. The clinical signs and airway pathology were consistent with constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans. The dog remained stable for over 2 yr with glucocorticoid therapy and intermittent antimicrobics. Although the polypoid form of bronchiolitis obliterans has been described in cattle and occasionally in dogs, constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans has not been reported previously in veterinary species.

scholarly journals Lung Lobe Segmentation Based on Lung Fissure Surface Classification Using a Point Cloud Region Growing Approach

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Ping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Normal Vector ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Surface Classification ◽  
Lobe Segmentation ◽  
Lung Lobes

In anatomy, the lung can be divided by lung fissures into several pulmonary lobe units with specific functions. Identifying the lung lobes and the distribution of various diseases among different lung lobes from CT images is important for disease diagnosis and tracking after recovery. In order to solve the problems of low tubular structure segmentation accuracy and long algorithm time in segmenting lung lobes based on lung anatomical structure information, we propose a segmentation algorithm based on lung fissure surface classification using a point cloud region growing approach. We cluster the pulmonary fissures, transformed into point cloud data, according to the differences in the pulmonary fissure surface normal vector and curvature estimated by principal component analysis. Then, a multistage spline surface fitting method is used to fill and expand the lung fissure surface to realize the lung lobe segmentation. The proposed approach was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated on a public dataset from Lobe and Lung Analysis 2011 (LOLA11), and obtained an overall score of 0.84. Although our approach achieved a slightly lower overall score compared to the deep learning based methods (LobeNet_V2 and V-net), the inter-lobe boundaries from our approach were more accurate for the CT images with visible lung fissures.

Volume shifts with partial submersion of isolated lung lobes

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Ford ◽  
D. Gillett ◽  
N. R. Anthonisen
Keyword(s):  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Isolated Lung ◽  
Tissue Movement ◽  
Volume Shift ◽  
Lung Lobes

When an isolated lung lobe is partially submerged, volume moves from the submerged part to the unsubmerged part. We partially submerged isolated dog lobes of known weight and volume, and measured airway pressure and, by water displacement, the volume of the submerged part. The lobe was then air-dried and sectioned at the waterline and each part weighed. Multiplying lobar volume by the fractional weight of the submerged part yielded the volume of the submerged part before immersion, and therefore the volume shift to the unsubmerged part due to immersion. Dividing this volume shift by the immersion-induced change in airway pressure gave the compliance (Cr') of the unsubmerged part. Cr' was compared to Cr, the compliance of the unsubmerged part when it was inflated with air. Cr/Cr' was linearly related to the degree of immersion: as immersion increased Cr/Cr' fell; so when lobes were 80% immersed Cr/Cr' was 0.3--0.5, indicating that compressing the lower part of the lung made the upper easier to expand. This behavior could be explained if with immersion lung units moved from the submerged part to the unsubmerged part and this shift increased with the degree of immersion. We demonstrated that when one part of a lobe was compressed lung units moved away from the compressive force and that this movement could occur without similar movement of the pleural surace. Tissue movement probably accounted at least in part for our results.

Spontaneous lung lobe torsion in two pugs

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Rooney ◽  
O Lanz ◽  
E Monnet
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Respiratory Effort ◽  
Stapling Device ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lung Lobes

Two, young adult, male pugs presented for spontaneous left-cranial lung lobe torsions. Clinical signs associated with these two cases included increased weakness, increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, acute collapse, lethargy, anorexia, and cyanosis. The torsed lung lobes were excised using a thoracoabdominal stapling device without detorsing the lobes. Both dogs recovered uneventfully, and at least one year postoperatively, no clinical abnormalities were noted by their owners. Results of this report suggest that spontaneous lung lobe torsion in pugs occurs and should be a differential diagnosis for pugs with increased respiratory effort, tachypnea, nonproductive cough, acute collapse, cyanosis, and lethargy. Surgical excision may be curative.

Spontaneous Feline Pneumothorax Caused by Ruptured Pulmonary Bullae Associated With Possible Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie E. Milne ◽  
Christina McCowan ◽  
Ben P. Landon
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
First Case ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lobes

Spontaneous pneumothorax is rarely reported in the cat. This case report describes the use of computed tomography (CT) to diagnose pulmonary bullae in an adult cat with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. A large bulla in the right middle lung lobe and several blebs in other lobes were identified by CT. Partial lobectomy of the right middle and right and left cranial lung lobes was successfully performed to remove the affected portions of lung. Histopathological examination suggested bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as the underlying cause for development of the pulmonary bulla. This is the first case report in the veterinary literature describing the use of CT to identify pulmonary bullae in the cat with BPD as a possible underlying cause.

Age-bodyweight relationships to lung growth in the F344 rat as indexed by lung weight measurements

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Tillery ◽  
B. E. Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
F344 Rat ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Lung Lobes

Measurements of the total lung weights and the individual weights of the lung lobes of male F344 rats ranging in age from about 30 days to 140 days or more were made in order to determine how lung growth and the growths of the individual lung lobes relate to bodyweight over the course of maturation of this species. Additionally, in this study we also (1) compared how each lung lobe grows relative to total lung growth, (2) evaluated the ratios of lung dry weight to wet weight and (3) obtained information on the weights of the trachea and extra-hilar main-stem bronchi as the F344 rat matures. The wet weights WLT of the trachea-lung preparations and the pooled lobe weights WPL as functions of rat bodyweight WB could be readily described by the following logarithmic expressions: WLT = 0·596 ln WB - 1·923, r = 0·95; WPL = 0·464 ln WB - 1·566, r = 0·96. Expressed as percentages of the pooled lobe weights, the individual lobes remained at constant values as the animals grew with the exception of the right caudal lobe which decreased between bodyweights of 72 and 96 g; absolute wet weight measurements of the individual lobes indicated that the right cranial, right middle and right intermediate lobes actually decreased in weight between bodyweights of 300 and 385 g. The dry weights of the lobes consistently represented approximately 22% of the wet weights regardless of animal age or bodyweight, and on average the airways represented about 20% of the weights of the intact airway-lung preparations over the course of animal maturation.

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