scholarly journals Public Transport in Rural Roads: Measures to Increase Its Modal Share in Iran

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alireza Afkham ◽  
Shahriar Afandizadeh ◽  
Ali Naderan
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Suggested Keywords ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
Occupational Goals

The supply and demand management of rural public transport has gained an important place in Iran, given its decreasing trend over the last decade. Accordingly, an effective approach is to analyze stakeholders’ opinions in this field to identify the effective local solutions for increasing the share of this transport method. The used methodology was to design a mixed questionnaire, a part of which included fuzzy pairwise comparison, while, in its first layer, the variables were classified using rotary analysis. In the other two sections of the questionnaire, the respondents were asked to express their opinions regarding the questions in the form of qualitative and words cloud. According to the inquiries made from the users in 20 selected terminals of Iran providing services to more than 85% of rural passengers, the indicators were weighted and divided into two groups based on the rotary analysis. The weighted results obtained from the users’ opinions revealed that the safety, dynamics of incentive policies, and traffic system performance in the rural transport had the highest effects on the micro- and macro-level indicators. In the second section, based on the qualitative questions, a multivariate linear estimation model of the number of rural passengers was constructed. Moreover, in the third section, the users’ suggested keywords focused on policy-making, travel time optimization, quality of services, and safety. Both the second and third sections had an acceptable agreement with the pairwise comparisons. Given the vast area of Iran and the distance between the population centers in the country, the obtained solutions to increase the share of public rural road transport included reducing the desirability of travel with private cars in short rural distances through interaction with industrial towns around metropolises, along with providing such areas with special services to attract passengers to rural transport with occupational goals.

scholarly journals Assessment of Spatiotemporal Peak Shift of Intra-Urban Transportation Taking a Case in Bangkok, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6777
Author(s):  
Masanobu Kii ◽  
Yuki Goda ◽  
Varameth Vichiensan ◽  
Hiroyuki Miyazaki ◽  
Rolf Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

Reducing congestion has been one of the critical targets of transportation policies, particularly in cities in developing countries suffering severe and chronic traffic congestions. Several traditional measures have been in place but seem not very successful. This paper applies the agent-based transportation model MATSim for a transportation analysis in Bangkok to assess the impact of spatiotemporal transportation demand management measures. We collect required data for the simulation from various data sources and apply maximum likelihood estimation with the limited data available. We investigate two demand management scenarios, peak time shift, and decentralization. As a result, we found that these spatiotemporal peak shift measures are effective for road transport to alleviate congestion and reduce travel time. However, the effect of those measures on public transport is not uniform but depends on the users’ circumstances. On average, the simulated results indicate that those measures increase the average travel time and distance. These results suggest that demand management policies require considerations of more detailed conditions to improve usability. The study also confirms that microsimulation can be a tool for transport demand management assessment in developing countries.

scholarly journals Social distancing in public transport: mobilising new technologies for demand management under the Covid-19 crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hörcher ◽  
Ramandeep Singh ◽  
Daniel J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
New Information ◽  
Occupancy Rates

AbstractDense urban areas are especially hardly hit by the Covid-19 crisis due to the limited availability of public transport, one of the most efficient means of mass mobility. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, public transport operators are experiencing steep declines in demand and fare revenues due to the perceived risk of infection within vehicles and other facilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of implementing social distancing in public transport in line with epidemiological advice. Social distancing requires effective demand management to keep vehicle occupancy rates under a predefined threshold, both spatially and temporally. We review the literature of five demand management methods enabled by new information and ticketing technologies: (i) inflow control with queueing, (ii) time and space dependent pricing, (iii) capacity reservation with advance booking, (iv) slot auctioning, and (v) tradeable travel permit schemes. Thus the paper collects the relevant literature into a single point of reference, and provides interpretation from the viewpoint of practical applicability during and after the pandemic.

Literature Review on the Incentive Policies to Promote the Development of Green Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2785-2792
Author(s):  
Ge Liu ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Incentive Mechanism ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Government Function ◽  
Incentive Policy ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
External Economy

This paper examined green building incentive policies in both China and the overseas from research and implementation. Based on analyzing overseas green building incentive policies, we can conclude that incentive policy for green building is advanced. Domestic researchers have conducted research from the perspectives of government function, external economy, comparison with foreign policies, supply and demand. This paper reviewed the implementation of green building incentive policies in China. We conclude that the policies and regulations in promoting green building development in China need to be developed. Finally, according to the development of green building in China, further research is needed on developing a system of incentive mechanism and evaluating the effect of incentive.

Water-demand management: assessing impacts of climate and other changes on water usage in Central Arizona

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netra B. Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Water Demand Management ◽  
Central Arizona

Planning for sustainable water management in the arid region of the southwestern USA is challenging mostly due to only partial understanding of factors converging around water supply and demand. Some of the factors that prompt concern about the adequacy of water resources are: (a) a growing urban population seeking a range of services, including the need to preserve and enhance aquatic ecosystems; (b) dwindling water storage due to multi-year drought conditions; and (c) the prospect of human-induced climate changes and its consequences in the hydrologic system of the region. This study analyzes the potential for water saving in the Phoenix Active Management Area (AMA) of Central Arizona, which includes the city of Phoenix, one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the country. Based on an extensive literature review and secondary data analysis, this paper investigates multiple factors that place increasing strain on current water resources, and attempts to extend this analysis to 2025. Outdoor water use within the residential landscape is the most important factor that strains water resources in Phoenix AMA. Any gain in efficiency through agricultural water demand management would not only improve the availability of water for other uses in the AMA, but would facilitate adaptation of the agricultural system to climate and other ongoing changes.

scholarly journals Strategies to link rural areas to European and national transport networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Dana Sitányiová ◽  
Soňa Masarovičová ◽  
Daniele Berselli ◽  
Antonio Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Limited Budget ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
Peripheral Areas

Transport capacity is very important indicator of country’s economic power reflecting its economic development. All means of transport must be efficient and able to transport goods and people as cheaply and quickly as possible. This requires constant upgrading of transport networks often with limited budget. This is a problem especially in rural areas, where population density is very low and there are difficulties in providing transport links between cities and rural communities. It is very expensive to upgrade transport network and also to ensure public transport services there. Individual car transport can diminish the problem, but some groups (the young, old or poor) will always require public transport service, moreover increasing car traffic put pressure especially on existing road transport. Public transport linking isolated rural regions to transport hubs towards the European and national transport networks play a crucial role in that regard. Paper presents some outputs of RUMOBIL project focusing on pilot actions testing a number of innovative applications during a period 2017-2018 how sparsely populated peripheral areas can be better linked to a primary, secondary or tertiary transport node by public transport.

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