scholarly journals A New Reference Plasmid “pGMT27” Provides an Efficient Transgenic Detection Method for Flue-Cured Tobacco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jing Yu ◽  
Xiaolian Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Adil ◽  
Bo Lei ◽  
Mengao Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Reference Plasmid

Owing to the economic value of its foliage, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is cultivated all across the world. For the detection of genetically modified (GM) tobacco, there is a lack of universal standard material which ultimately limits the detection methods because the accuracy and comparability of the results cannot be ensured. Here, we prepared a reference plasmid “pGMT27” for the detection of GM tobacco, which was 18,296 bp in length harboring two of the tobacco endogenous and seven exogenous genes. By using qualitative PCR test for the nine genes, 10 copies were used for plasmid sensitivity. In the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays with pGMT27 as a calibrator, the reaction efficiencies for P-35S and NR were 101.427% and 98.036%, respectively, whereas the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 5 copies and 10 copies per reaction. For standard deviation (SD) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of the Ct values, the repeatability values were from 0.04 to 0.42 and from 0.18% to 1.29%, respectively; and the reproducibility values were from 0.04 to 0.39 and from 0.18% to 1.14%, respectively. For the unknown sample test, the average conversion factor (Cf) was 0.39, and the accuracy bias was from −15.55% to 1.93%; for precision, the SD values ranged from 0.02 to 0.62, while RSD values were from 1.34% to 10.6%. We concluded that using the pGMT27 plasmid as a calibrator provided a highly efficient transgenic detection method for flue-cured tobacco.

scholarly journals Rapid, Simple, and Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Method for the Estimation of Ganciclovir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Balwani ◽  
Emil Joseph ◽  
Satish Reddi ◽  
Vibhu Nagpal ◽  
Ranendra N. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Spectrofluorimetric Method ◽  
Relative Standard

A new, simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, and affordable spectrofluorimetric method was developed and validated for the estimation of ganciclovir in bulk as well as in marketed formulations. The method was based on measuring the native fluorescence of ganciclovir in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid buffer of pH 1.2 at 374 nm after excitation at 257 nm. The calibration graph was found to be rectilinear in the concentration range of 0.25–2.00 μg mL−1. The limit of quantification and limit of detection were found to be 0.029 μg mL−1and 0.010μg mL−1, respectively. The method was fully validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise, and reproducible (relative standard deviation <2%) and can be successfully applied for the determination of ganciclovir in its commercial capsules with average percentage recovery of 101.31 ± 0.90.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Drugs Containing Phenol Group by Using 2, 4- Dinitrophenylhydrazine

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Padmarajaiah Nagaraja ◽  
Ashwinee Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Phenolic Drugs

A spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the determination of four phenolic drugs; salbutamol, ritodrine, amoxicillin and isoxsuprine. The method is based on the oxidation of 2, 4- dinitrophenyl-hydrazine and coupling of the oxidized product with drugs to give intensely colored chromogen. Under the proposed optimum condition, beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2.5-17, 2-29, 4-33 and 5-30 μg/mL for salbutamol, ritodrine, amoxicillin and isoxsuprine respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.2, 0.83, 0.09, 0.84 μg/mL and 0.66, 2.79, 0.3 and 2.81 μg/mL in the same order. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. The ringbom plots and low relative standard deviation assert the applicability of this method. The suggested method was further applied for the determinations of drugs in commercial pharmaceutical dosage forms, which was compared statistically with reference methods by means oft- test andF- test and were found not to differ significantly at 95% confidence level. The procedure is characterized by its simplicity with accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals MEAN CENTERING OF RATIO SPECTRA METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THEOPHYLLINE AND EPHEDRINE HCL MIXTURE IN TABLET

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Muchlisyam Muchlisyam ◽  
Sudarmi Sudarmi ◽  
Cindy Caroline
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Mean Centering ◽  
Relative Standard

 Objective: Mean centering of ratio spectra method (MCR method) is one of the simplest methods for the determination of drug mixtures. The purpose of this research is to determine the content of theophylline (THEO) and ephedrine HCl (EPH) in tablets by MCR spectra method.Methods: This research was conducted with the MCR method. It was measured at 271 nm for THEO and 257 nm for EPH using 0.1 N HCL as a solution. The calculation was conducted with Matlab application. The analytical characteristics of the method are detection limit, accuracy, precision, and selectivity. Standard addition method was used to increase the concentration of EPH in the sample until it reached the range of calibration concentration.Result: The research has showed that validations for THEO were 100.57% for accuracy, 0.68% for relative standard deviation (RSD), 0.46 μg/mL for limit of detection (LOD), and 1.52 μg/mL for limit of quantification (LOQ). Meanwhile, the validations for EPH are 100.02% for accuracy, 0.07% for RSD, 43.12 μg/mL for LOD, and 143.72 μg/mL for LOQ. The level of THEO is 97.43 ± 0.17% and the level of EPH is 101.36 ± 0.25% for brand one’s tablet. Meanwhile, brand two’s tablet contains 98.72 ± 0.14% of THEO and 103.62 ± 0.23% of EPH.Conclusion: MCR ultraviolet spectrophotometric method can be used to determine the content of THEO and EPH in tablets and meets the detection limit, accuracy, precision, and selectivity.

scholarly journals Liquid Chromatography/Fluorescence Method for Emamectin B1a and Desmethylamino-Emamectin B1a Residues in Lobster Tissue

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1672-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Tauber ◽  
Niall Gillan ◽  
Louis Crouch ◽  
Roy Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract A liquid chromatography (LC)/fluorescence procedure was validated for emamectin (EM B1a) and desmethylamino-emamectin (DMAEM B1a) residues in lobster tissue. They were extracted by shaking and sonicating with 1% ammonium acetatemethanol in the presence of sand. The extract was concentrated, partitioned with ethylacetate, and cleaned up on a propylsulfonic cation exchange cartridge. The analytes were eluted from the cartridge with 5% ammonium hydroxidemethylacetate, the eluate was concentrated, and the solvent was changed to dry 20% ethylacetateacetonitrile before derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydrideN-methylimidizole. The products were analyzed by LCfluorescence, and no interference [&gt;limit of detection (LOD)] was detected in the control samples. Lobster tissues fortified with EM B1a and DMAEM B1a at 0.5, 5, 10, 25, and 50 ng/g gave overall mean recoveries of 96.7 12.4%, relative standard deviation (RSD) 12.8% for EM B1 and 83.6 12.1%, RSD 14.5% for DMAEM B1a. Regression analysis of the calibration data gave slopes of 0.90 (EM B1a) and 0.71 (DMAEM B1a) with an r2 0.99 for both compounds. The calculated LOD and limit of quantification (LOQ) for EM B1a were 1.10 and 3.32 ng/g, respectively, and for DMAEM B1a were 0.762 and 2.31 ng/g, respectively. Residues of EM B1a and DMAEM B1a in fortified lobster tissues stored at 20C showed that residues were stable for 1012 months. No loss of EM B1a and DMAEM B1a residues was observed after 3 freeze/thaw cycles of fortified tissue in a 5-day period.

Chromatographic Quantification of Ivermectin and Pranziquantel in the Tablets Using Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Naga Venkata Suresh Kumar Devaka ◽  
Vallabhaneni Madhusudhan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Relative Standard

Background: A new stability indicating RP-HPLC based assay method was developed to quantify ivermectin and praziquantel simultaneously and applied effectively to tablets. Methods: The simultaneous assay of ivermectin and praziquantel by RP-HPLC was done using an YMC C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with a mobile phase mixture of 0.1M disodium hydrogen phosphate (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (55:45, v/v) using a isocratic flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and measured at 242 nm using photodiode array detector. All parameters were validated following the ICH guiding principles. The method was applied to quantify ivermectin and praziquantel simultaneously in tablets. Results: The retention values of ivermectin and praziquantel were 3.465 min and 4.468 min, respectively. The method’s linearity was found to be 1-3 µg/ml (ivermectin) and 25-75 µg/ml (praziquantel). The limit of detection was 0.010 µg/ml (ivermectin) and 0.046 µg/ml (praziquantel); limit of quantification was 0.033 µg/ml (ivermectin) and 0.155 µg/ml (praziquantel). The percent relative standard deviation of ivermectin and praziquantel was ˂1.0%. The percent assay was 99.51% and 99.20% for ivermectin and praziquantel, respectively. In tablets, the percent recovery of ivermectin and praziquantel was 99.60% and 99.38% with a percent relative standard deviation value of 0.353% and 0.106%, respectively. Stability indicating capability of the method was demonstrated through the stress degradation studies. Conclusion: The developed method was proved to be selective, precise and accurate for the quality control of ivermectin and praziquantel in tablets.

Utility of π-acceptor reagents for spectrophotometric determination of sulphonamide drugs via charge-transfer complex formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten Nour El-Dien ◽  
Gehad Mohamed ◽  
Eman Frag
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Chloranilic Acid ◽  
Relative Standard

AbstractA simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of sulphonamides (sulphamethoxazole (SMZ), sulphaguanidine (SGD), sulphaquinoxaline sodium (SQX), sulphametrole (SMR), and sulphadimidine sodium (SDD)) has been developed. The charge-transfer reactions between sulphonamides as n-electron donors and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), and 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranilic acid, p-CLA) as π-acceptors resulting in highly coloured complexes were studied. Experimental conditions for these CT reactions were carefully optimised. Beer’s law is valid over the concentration ranges from 4–280 µg mL−1, 4–260 µg mL−1, 4–200 µg mL−1, and 4–200 µg mL−1 of SMZ, SGD, SQX, and SDD using DDQ reagent, respectively. While the calibration curves are linear in the concentration ranges from 4–180 µg mL−1, 4–80 µg mL−1, 4–60 µg mL−1, 4–180 µg mL−1, and 4–60 µg mL−1 of SMZ, SGD, SQX, SMR, and SDD, respectively, using TCNQ reagent and from 4–380 µg mL−1 and 4–300 µg mL−1 of SQX and SDD, respectively, using p-CLA reagent, respectively. Different analytical parameters, namely molar absorptivity (ε), standard deviation, relative standard deviation, correlation coefficient, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, were calculated. The results obtained by the proposed methods are in good agreement with those obtained by the official method as indicated by the percent recovery values.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometic Determination of Caffeine and Vitamin B6 in Selected Beverages, Energy/Soft Drinks and Herbal Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
A.L. Ogunneye ◽  
O.O. Banjoko ◽  
M.R. Gbadamosi ◽  
O.H. Falegbe ◽  
K.H. Moberuagba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Sensitivity Limit ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Relative Standard

In this study, a simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric technique has been developed and validated for the determination of caffeine and vitamin B6 in beverages, energy/soft drinks and herbal products. The determination of caffeine and vitamin B6 in the respective samples were carried out at maximum (λmax) absorbance of 272 and 290 nm respectively. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity (limit of Detection (LOD) and limit of Quantification (LOQ), accuracy (% Recovery), precision (relative standard deviation). The method was linear from (4-20 µg/ml and 50 - 250 µg/ml with r 2 of 0.9991 and 0.9996 for vitamin B6 and caffeine respectively. The accuracy of the method ranged from 99.48 - 101.42% for caffeine and 99.94% - 102.35% for vitamin B6. The detection limit and quantification limit were 0.192 µg/ml and 0.640 µg/ml for vitamin B6 while 0.0155 µg/ml and 0.0518 µg/ml was obtained for caffeine. The method for the two analytes was found to be precise as the percentage relative standard deviation was below 5%. Therefore, the method proposed in this study is rapid, suitable and can be used as a quality control index for caffeine and vitamin B6 in beverages, energy/soft drinks and herbal products in industries. Keywords: Caffeine, Vitamin B6, Beverages, Energy/Soft drinks, Herbal products, Spectrophotometry

scholarly journals Quantification of retinyl palmitate, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, zinc, and iron by chromatographic methods in fortified kernels and fortified rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Ivarsen ◽  
Christoffer P. Andersen ◽  
Sabine M. Jensen ◽  
Carsten T. Pedersen ◽  
Anders K. Svaneborg
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Analyte Content ◽  
Detection And Quantification

AbstractThis study presents the optimization and validation of methods for the analysis of retinol, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, zinc, and iron in fortified kernels (coated and extruded) and in fortified rice. The analyses were performed by HPLC-UV/FLD/MS and ICP-OES. The optimized methods showed good resolution of the analyte peaks, excellent recovery (87–108%), reproducibility with relative standard deviation (SD) of analyte content between 1.8 and 11% and high correlation coefficient of the calibration curves (R2 > 0.997). Limit of detection was from 2.8 E-4 mg/kg for pyridoxine to 1.26 mg/kg for zinc and limit of quantification was from 9.2 E-4 mg/kg for pyridoxine to 4.21 mg/kg for zinc. Thereby the optimized methods demonstrated reliability and sensitivity in the detection and quantification of these micronutrients and that they are suitable for routine analysis of fortified kernels (coated and extruded) and fortified rice.

Calcium/Copper alginate framework doped with CuO nano-particles as a novel adsorbent for micro-extraction of benzodiazepines from human serum

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadereh Rahbar ◽  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Zahra Ramezani ◽  
Masoumeh Nourani
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Fiber Fabrication ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Green Procedure

Background: Sample preparation is one of the most challenging phases in pharmaceutical analysis, especially in biological matrices, affecting the whole analytical methodology. Objective: In this study, a new Ca(II)/Cu(II)/alginate/CuO nanoparticles hydrogel fiber (CCACHF) was synthesized through a simple, green procedure and applied for fiber micro solid phase extraction (FMSPE) of diazepam (DIZ) and oxazepam (OXZ) as model drugs prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection (HPLC-UV). Methods: Composition and morphology of the prepared fiber were characterized and the effect of main parameters on the fiber fabrication and extraction efficiency have been studied and optimized. Results: In optimal conditions, calibration curves were linear ranging between 0.1–500 µg L−1 with regression coefficients of 0.9938 and 0.9968. Limit of detection (LOD) (S/N=3) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (S/N=10) of the technique for DIZ and OXZ were 0.03 to 0.1 µg L−1. Within-day and between-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) for DIZ and OXZ were 6.0–12.5% and 3.3–9.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The fabricated adsorbent has been substantially employed to extraction of selected benzo-diazepines (BZDs) from human serum real specimens and the obtained recoveries were also satisfactory (82.1-109.7%).

scholarly journals Stability-indicating HPLC-DAD assay for simultaneous quantification of hydrocortisone 21 acetate, dexamethasone, and fluocinolone acetonide in cosmetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 962-973
Author(s):  
Saira Arif ◽  
Sadia Ata
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Relative Standard

AbstractA rapid and specific method was developed for simultaneous quantification of hydrocortisone 21 acetate (HCA), dexamethasone (DEX), and fluocinolone acetonide (FCA) in whitening cream formulations using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of the composition of the mobile phase, analysis temperature, and detection wavelength was investigated to optimize the separation of studied components. The analytes were finally well separated using ACE Excel 2, C18 AR column having 150 mm length, 3 mm internal diameter, and 2 µm particle size at 35°C using methanol with 1% formic acid and double-distilled deionized water in the ratio of 60:40 (v/v), respectively, as the mobile phase in isocratic mode. Ten microliters of sample were injected with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and robustness were determined to validate the method as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. All the analytes were simultaneously separated within 8 min, and observed retention times of HCA, DEX, and FCA were 4.5, 5.5, and 6.9 min, respectively. The proposed method showed good linearity with the correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.999 over the range of 1–150 µg/mL for all standards. The linear regression equations were y = 12.7x + 118.7 (r = 0.999) for HCA, y = 12.9x + 106.8 (r = 0.999) for DEX, and y = 12.9x + 96.8 (r = 0.999) for FCA. The LOD was 0.25, 0.20, and 0.08 µg/mL for HCA, FCA, and DEX and LOQ was 2.06, 1.83, and 1.55 µg/mL for HCA, FCA, and DEX, respectively. The recovery values of HCA, DEX, and FCA ranged from 100.7–101.3, 102.0–102.6, and 100.2–102.0%, respectively, and the relative standard deviation for precision (intra- and interday) was less than 2, which indicated repeatability and reproducibility. The novelty of the method was described by forced degradation experimentation of all analytes in the combined form under acidic, basic, oxidative, and thermal stress. The proposed method was found to be simple, rapid, and reliable for the simultaneous determination of HCA, DEX, and FCA in cosmetics.

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