scholarly journals Hypoglycemic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Dried and Rice-Fried Psidium guajava Leaves in Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Sen Yang ◽  
Hai-yan Ding ◽  
Hong-ping Chen ◽  
You-ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects

Psidium guajava leaves (PGL) have been long used as an adjuvant therapy for diabetics. The present study evaluated the in vivo hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects of dried and the rice-fried PGL decoctions (PGLD and RPGLD). Our results indicated that both PGLD and RPGLD could significantly decrease the contents of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in diabetic rats. Compared with the HFD/STZ (high-fat diet with streptozotocin) group, the PGLD and RPGLD-treated diabetic rats showed different degrees of recovery against the liver pathological changes. The upregulated expressions of glucokinase (GK), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) in PGLD and RPGLD-treated groups were observed. In general, RPGLD exhibited a much better antidiabetic effect than PGLD, which was further verified by the comprehensive evaluation with the TOPSIS method. Besides, HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) and UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses revealed that the contents of the primary constituents (ellagic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitroside, reynoutrin, guaijaverin, auicularin, and quercetin) in RPGLD increased obviously compared with PGLD. These results shed new light on the antidiabetic potential and mechanism of PGL, as well as the “higher efficacy” of the rice-fried processing method in traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals Formononetin exhibits anti-hyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guizhen Qiu ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Mei Huan ◽  
Jinlong Chen ◽  
Haitao Fu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic activity and mechanism of formononetin in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice by determining its effect on some diabetes-related indices as described below. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, hepatic glycogen, serum insulin, and serum glucagon were determined by electronic scales, glucometer, and ELISA kits. Fas, Caspase-3, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 , insulin receptor substrate 2, glucokinase and glucose transporter 2, mRNA and proteins levels in pancreas tissue, and glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA, and proteins levels in liver tissue were detected by fluorogenic quantitative-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. The results indicated that formononetin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg; oral administration) reversed the alloxan-induced increase of some indices (fasting blood glucose level and Fas and Caspase-3 mRNA and proteins levels in pancreas tissue) and reduction of some indices (body weight gain, oral glucose tolerance, insulin activity, hepatic glycogen level, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1, insulin receptor substrate 2, glucokinase and glucose transporter 2, mRNA and proteins levels in pancreas tissue, and glucokinase mRNA and protein levels in liver tissue). The glucagon level and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA and protein levels in liver tissue were not affected by the drugs administration. In conclusion, formononetin exhibited anti-hyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice by inhibiting islet B cell apoptosis and promoting islet B cell regeneration, insulin secretion, hepatic glycogen synthesis, and hepatic glycolysis.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Profiling Study of Psidium guajava L. Leaves as an Effective Treatment for Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chang Xu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Debin Zeng ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yuhang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Amino Acid Profiling ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major disease threatening human health worldwide. At present, the treatment of T2DM cannot cure diabetes and is prone to many side effects. Psidium guajava L. leaves have been reported to possess hypoglycemic activity, and they have been widely used in diabetes treatment in the folk. However, the antidiabetic mechanism has not been clearly explained. Also, the change in amino acid profile can reflect a metabolic disorder and provide insights into system-wide changes in response to physiological challenges or disease processes. The study found that P. guajava L. leaves can decrease fasting blood glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Through the analysis of amino acid profiling following 20 days of gavage administration, the concentration data were modeled by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to find the different metabolites and related metabolic pathways (including cysteine and methionine metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis) for the explanation of the hypoglycemic mechanism of P. guajava L., which provides an experimental and theoretical basis for diabetes prediction and for the development of new drugs for the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals A Protective Role of Arecoline Hydrobromide in Experimentally Induced Male Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indraneel Saha ◽  
Joydeep Das ◽  
Biswaranjan Maiti ◽  
Urmi Chatterji
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Sialic Acid Content ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Objectives.Arecoline, the most potent and abundant alkaloid of betel nut, causes elevation of serum testosterone and androgen receptor expression in rat prostate, in addition to increase in serum insulin levels in rats, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes-like conditions. This study investigated the role of arecoline on the reproductive status of experimentally induced type 1 diabetic rats.Methods.Changes in the cellular architecture were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Blood glucose, serum insulin, testosterone, FSH, and LH were assayed. Fructose content of the coagulating gland and sialic acid content of the seminal vesicles were also analyzed.Results.Arecoline treatment for 10 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight markedly facilitatedβ-cell regeneration and reversed testicular and sex accessory dysfunctions by increasing the levels of serum insulin and gonadotropins in type 1 diabetic rats. Critical genes related toβ-cell regeneration, such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), were found to be activated by arecoline at the protein level.Conclusion.It can thus be suggested that arecoline is effective in ameliorating the detrimental effects caused by insulin deficiency on gonadal and male sex accessories in rats with type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals P0985EFFECTS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON RENAL FUNCTION IN FAT-FED AND STREPTOZOTOCIN-TREATED RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Background and Aims The present study investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles on serum parameters of renal function, on oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and 8-isoprostane), and on expression level of insulin receptor, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), glucokinase genes and heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in rats. Method Male Wistar rats (n=64, 10 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Group 1 received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat). Group 2 received a standard diet, plus silver nanoparticles (SNPs); received a single daily oral dose of SNP of 100 mg/kg in suspension. Group 3 received a high-fat diet (40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks, and was then injected with streptozotocin (STZ) on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Group 4 was treated in the same way as group 3 (HFD/STZ), but was supplemented with SNP 100mg /kg/body weight/day. Oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic rats was evidenced by an elevation in levels of MDA and 8-isoprostane. Protein concentrations of insulin receptor, GLUT2, glucokinase genes and heat-shock (HSP60 and HSP70) in renal tissue were determined by Western blot analyses. Results SNP supplementation lowered kidney concentrations of MDA, 8-isoprostane levels, serum urea-N, and creatinine, and reduced the severity of renal damage in the STZ-treated group (i.e., the diabetes-induced group). The expression of insulin receptor, GLUT-2, glucokinase genes and HSPs was lower in the STZ group that received SNP than in the group that did not. No significant effect of SNP supplementation was detected in regard to the overall measured parameters in the control group. Conclusion This study supported the efficacy of SNP in reducing renal risk factors and impairment because of diabetes and act as potent antidiabetic agent.

scholarly journals Polysaccharides fromEnteromorpha proliferaImprove Glucose Metabolism in Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Lin ◽  
Wenxiang Wang ◽  
Dongdong Liao ◽  
Damiao Chen ◽  
Pingping Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Glut 4

This study investigated the effects of polysaccharides fromEnteromorpha prolifera(PEP) on glucose metabolism in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM). PEP (0, 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically to rats for four weeks. After treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (INS) levels were measured, and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated. The morphopathological changes in the pancreas were observed. Serum samples were collected to measure the oxidant-antioxidant status. The mRNA expression levels of glucokinase (GCK) and insulin receptor (InsR) in liver tissue and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) and adiponectin (APN) in adipose tissue were determined. Compared with the model group, the FBG and INS levels were lower, the ISI was higher, and the number of isletβ-cells was significantly increased in all the PEP groups. In the medium- and high-dose PEP groups, MDA levels decreased, and the enzymatic activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased. The mRNA expression of InsR and GCK increased in all the PEP groups; APN mRNA expression increased in the high-dose PEP group, and GLUT-4 mRNA expression increased in adipose tissue. These findings suggest that PEP is a potential therapeutic agent that can be utilized to treat DM.

scholarly journals Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Polyphenolic-Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Linn Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1877063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basiru O. Ajiboye ◽  
Oluwafemi A. Ojo ◽  
Olivia S. Akuboh ◽  
Okesola M. Abiola ◽  
Olajumoke Idowu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Free Phenol ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In this study, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were determined. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) in female Wistar rats. The rats were orally administered with 400 mg/kg free phenol, 400 mg/kg bound phenol, and 5 mg/kg metformin, respectively. On the 14th day of oral administration, the animals were sacrificed, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory were assessed. Fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels; homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance scores, lipid peroxidation concentration, glucose-6-phosphatase activity, and all concentrations of anti-inflammatory studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly ( P < .05) reduced with the administration of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves. Also there was significant ( P < .05) increase in glycogen and insulin concentrations, pancreatic β-cell scores, antioxidant enzymes and hexokinase activities, as well as glucose transporter levels in diabetic animals administered with polyphenolic-rich extract of S cumini leaves. The results indicate that S cumini leaves possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Colocalization of insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) proteins in rat hepatocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A309
Author(s):  
Michael L. Eisenberg ◽  
Ajay V. Maker ◽  
Kumudesh C. Sritharan ◽  
John P. Geibel ◽  
Dana K. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2

scholarly journals Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase acts at an intracellular membrane site to enhance GLUT4 exocytosis in 3T3-L1 cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 313 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing YANG ◽  
James F. CLARKE ◽  
Catriona J. ESTER ◽  
Paul W. YOUNG ◽  
Masato KASUGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Intracellular Membrane ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are continuously recycled in 3T3-L1 cells and so insulin, through its action on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), could potentially alter the distribution of these transporters by enhancing retention in the plasma membrane or acting intracellularly to increase exocytosis, either by stimulating a budding or a docking and fusion process. To examine the site of involvement of PI 3-kinase in the glucose transporter recycling pathway, we have determined the kinetics of recycling under conditions in which the PI 3-kinase activity is inhibited by wortmannin. Wortmannin addition to fully insulin-stimulated cells induces a net reduction of glucose transport activity with a time course that is consistent with a major effect on the return of internalized transporters to the plasma membrane. The exocytosis of GLUT1 and GLUT4 is reduced to very low levels in wortmannin-treated cells (≈ 0.009 min-1), but the endocytosis of these isoforms is not markedly perturbed and the rate constants are approx. 10-fold higher than for exocytosis (0.099 and 0.165 min-1, respectively). The slow reduction in basal activity following treatment with wortmannin is consistent with a wortmannin effect on constitutive recycling as well as insulin-regulated exocytosis. PI 3-kinase activity that is precipitated by anti-phosphotyrosine, anti-[insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)] and anti-α-p85 antibodies show the same level of insulin-stimulated activity, ≈ 0.5 pmol/20 min per dish of 3T3-L1 cells. Since the activities precipitated by all three antibodies are similar, it seems unlikely that a second insulin receptor substrate, IRS2, contributes significantly to the insulin signalling observed in 3T3-L1 cells. To examine whether insulin targets PI 3-kinase to intracellular membranes we have carried out subcellular fractionation studies. These suggest that nearly all the insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity is located on intracellular, low-density, membranes. In addition, the association of PI 3-kinase with IRS1 appears to partially deplete the cytoplasm of α-p85-precipitatable activity, suggesting that IRS1 may redistribute PI 3-kinase from the cytoplasm to the low-density microsome membranes. Taken together, the trafficking kinetic and PI 3-kinase distribution studies suggest an intracellular membrane site of action of the enzyme in enhancing glucose transporter exocytosis.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 in Differentiation of Brown Adipocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Fasshauer ◽  
Johannes Klein ◽  
Kristina M. Kriauciunas ◽  
Kohjiro Ueki ◽  
Manuel Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Wild Type

ABSTRACT The most widely distributed members of the family of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are IRS-1 and IRS-2. These proteins participate in insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling, as well as the actions of some cytokines, growth hormone, and prolactin. To more precisely define the specific role of IRS-1 in adipocyte biology, we established brown adipocyte cell lines from wild-type and IRS-1 knockout (KO) animals. Using differentiation protocols, both with and without insulin, preadipocyte cell lines derived from IRS-1 KO mice exhibited a marked decrease in differentiation and lipid accumulation (10 to 40%) compared to wild-type cells (90 to 100%). Furthermore, IRS-1 KO cells showed decreased expression of adipogenic marker proteins, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase, uncoupling protein-1, and glucose transporter 4. The differentiation deficit in the KO cells could be reversed almost completely by retrovirus-mediated reexpression of IRS-1, PPARγ, or C/EBPα but not the thiazolidinedione troglitazone. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) assays performed at various stages of the differentiation process revealed a strong and transient activation in IRS-1, IRS-2, and phosphotyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase in the wild-type cells, whereas the IRS-1 KO cells showed impaired phosphotyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activation, all of which was associated with IRS-2. Akt phosphorylation was reduced in parallel with the total PI 3-kinase activity. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase with LY294002 blocked differentiation of wild-type cells. Thus, IRS-1 appears to be an important mediator of brown adipocyte maturation. Furthermore, this signaling molecule appears to exert its unique role in the differentiation process via activation of PI 3-kinase and its downstream target, Akt, and is upstream of the effects of PPARγ and C/EBPα.

scholarly journals The Roles of Liver Inflammation and the Insulin Signaling Pathway in PM2.5 Instillation-Induced Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhihua Zhang ◽  
Shujun Hu ◽  
Ping Fan ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Shanshan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Systemic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt

To elucidate the mechanism of how the liver participates in PM2.5-caused insulin resistance. A novel Wistar rat model was developed in this study by instilling a suspension of lyophilized PM2.5 sample (2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg) collected from the atmosphere. Systemic insulin resistance indicators, including serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and hemoglobin A1 (HbA1), were upregulated by the PM2.5 instillation. The area under the curve (AUCglu) calculated by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (IPGTT) was also significantly greater in the PM2.5 instillation groups. Additionally, PM2.5 instillation was found to cause liver damage and inflammation. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated by PM2.5 instillation. PM2.5 also triggered IL-6 and TNF-α transcription but inhibited mRNA synthesis and suppressed signaling activation of the insulin-phosphoinositide 3-kinase- (PI3K-) Akt-glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) pathway in the rat liver by reducing the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1). Thus, PM2.5-induced inflammation activation and insulin signaling inhibition in the rat liver contribute to the development of systemic insulin resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document