scholarly journals Analysis of Economic Relationship Using the Concept of Complex Pythagorean Fuzzy Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Naeem Jan ◽  
Saif Ur Rehman ◽  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Hassen Aydi ◽  
Sami Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Order Relation ◽  
Equivalence Classes ◽  
Fuzzy Relation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fuzzy Logics ◽  
Fuzzy Information ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
Novel Concept

Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logics are the powerful mathematical tools to model the imprecision and vagueness. In this research, the novel concept of complex Pythagorean fuzzy relation (CPFR) is introduced. Furthermore, the types of CPFRs are explained with appropriate examples such as CPF composite relation, CPF equivalence relation, CPF order relation, and CPF equivalence classes. Moreover, numerous results and interesting properties of CPFRs are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the impacts of economic parameters over each other are studied through the proposed concepts of CPFRs. In addition, the application also discusses the effects of economic parameters of one country over the other countries’ economic parameters.

scholarly journals Racism and Antiracism in the Liberal International Order

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Zoltán I. Búzás
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
International Order ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Racial Equality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Current Regime ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Abstract Formal racial equality is a key aspect of the current Liberal International Order (LIO). It is subject to two main challenges: resurgent racial nationalism and substantive racial inequality. Combining work in International Relations with interdisciplinary studies on race, I submit that these challenges are the latest iteration of struggles between two transnational coalitions over the LIO's central racial provisions, which I call racial diversity regimes (RDRs). The traditional coalition has historically favored RDRs based on racial inequality and racial nationalism. The transformative coalition has favored RDRs based on racial equality and nonracial nationalism. I illustrate the argument by tracing the development of the liberal order's RDR as a function of intercoalitional struggles from one based on racial nationalism and inequality in 1919 to the current regime based on nonracial nationalism and limited equality. Today, racial nationalists belong to the traditional coalition and critics of racial inequality are part of the transformative coalition. The stakes of their struggles are high because they will determine whether we will live in a more racist or a more antiracist world. This article articulates a comprehensive framework that places race at the heart of the liberal order, offers the novel concept of “embedded racism” to capture how sovereignty shields domestic racism from foreign interference, and proposes an agenda for mainstream International Relations that takes race seriously.

scholarly journals Using green infrastructure to stimulate discourse with and for planning practice: experiences with fuzzy concepts from a pan-European, a national and a local perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieke Hansen ◽  
Martina van Lierop ◽  
Werner Rolf ◽  
Damjana Gantar ◽  
Ina Šuklje Erjavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Planning Practice ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Novel Concept

AbstractConcepts such as green infrastructure, nature-based solutions, and ecosystem services gained popularity in recent discourses on urban planning. Despite their recognition as innovative concepts, all of them share a degree of ambiguity. Fuzziness can be a weakness but also an opportunity to shape novel concepts together with the stakeholders that are supposed to implement them in the planning practice. The paper traces concept development processes of green infrastructure through transdisciplinary knowledge exchange in three different projects, a European and a national research project and a local city-regional project as part of an EU regional cooperation project. In all projects, the green infrastructure concept evolved in different stages. Stakeholder involvement during these stages span from consultation to co-creation. The cases reveal two different approaches: concepts that are developed “for planning practice” might be based on a plethora of insight via consultation, while those “with planning practice” foster co-creation and might result in high acceptance among the involved stakeholders. Depending on the purpose of the novel concept, each approach can be beneficial and result in practice-related and operational products, such as guidance documents or planning strategies. However, the cases also show that in any new context an exchange about fuzzy concepts is not only needed but also a chance to stimulate cooperation and joint understanding about urban challenges and how to address them.

scholarly journals CD5 costimulation induces stable Th17 development by promoting IL-23R expression and sustained STAT3 activation

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. 6107-6114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle de Wit ◽  
Yuri Souwer ◽  
Astrid J. van Beelen ◽  
Rosa de Groot ◽  
Femke J. M. Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cd28 Costimulation ◽  
Th17 Differentiation ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Transcription 3 ◽  
Lymphocyte Receptors

Abstract IL-17–producing CD4+ T helper (Th17) cells are important for immunity against extracellular pathogens and in autoimmune diseases. The factors that drive Th17 development in human remain a matter of debate. Here we show that, compared with classic CD28 costimulation, alternative costimulation via the CD5 or CD6 lymphocyte receptors forms a superior pathway for human Th17-priming. In the presence of the Th17-promoting cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), CD5 costimulation induces more Th17 cells that produce higher amounts of IL-17, which is preceded by prolonged activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a key regulator in Th17 differentiation, and enhanced levels of the IL-17–associated transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor-γt (ROR-γt). Strikingly, these Th17-promoting signals critically depend on CD5-induced elevation of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) expression. The present data favor the novel concept that alternative costimulation via CD5, rather than classic costimulation via CD28, primes naive T cells for stable Th17 development through promoting the expression of IL-23R.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Core Groups: a promising concept in search of a consistent methodological framework

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Pascual-García
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Taxonomical Classification ◽  
Novel Concept

AbstractIn this comment, we analyse the conceptual framework proposed by Aguirre de Cárcer (Microbiome 7:142, 2019), introducing the novel concept of Phylogenetic Core Groups (PCGs). This notion aims to complement the traditional classification in operational taxonomic units (OTUs), widely used in microbial ecology, to provide a more intrinsic taxonomical classification which avoids the use of pre-determined thresholds. However, to introduce this concept, the author frames his proposal in a wider theoretical framework based on a conceptualization of selection that we argue is a tautology. This blurs the subsequent formulation of an assembly principle for microbial communities, favouring that some contradictory examples introduced to support the framework appear aligned in their conclusions. And more importantly, under this framework and its derived methodology, it is not possible to infer PCGs from data in a consistent way. We reanalyse the proposal to identify its logical and methodological flaws and, through the analysis of synthetic scenarios, we propose a number of methodological refinements to contribute towards the determination of PCGs in a consistent way. We hope our analysis will promote the exploration of PCGs as a potentially valuable tool, helping to bridge the gap between environmental conditions and community composition in microbial ecology.

Performance Benefits of R718 Turbo-Compression Cycle Using 3-Port Condensing Wave Rotors

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir A. Kharazi ◽  
Pezhman Akbari ◽  
Norbert Mu¨ller
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wave Rotor ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Wave Rotors ◽  
Compression Cycle ◽  
Performance Map ◽  
Wave Compression ◽  
Novel Concept

A number of technical challenges have often hindered the economical application of refrigeration cycles using water (R718) as refrigerant. The novel concept of condensing wave rotor provides a solution for performance improvement of R718 refrigeration cycles. The wave rotor implementation can increase efficiency and reduce the size and cost of R718 units. The condensing wave rotor employs pressurized water to pressurize, desuperheat, and condense the refrigerant vapor — all in one dynamic process. In this study, the underlying phenomena of flash evaporation, shock wave compression, desuperheating, and condensation inside the wave rotor channels are described in a wave and phase-change diagram. A computer program based on a thermodynamic model is generated to evaluate the performance of R718 baseline and wave-rotor-enhanced cycles. The detailed thermodynamic approach for the baseline and the modified cycles is described. The effect of some key parameters on the performance enhancement is demonstrated as an aid for optimization. A generated performance map summarizes the findings.

Measures of uncertainty for a fuzzy probabilistic approximation space

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Lijun Chen ◽  
Damei Luo ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Zhaowen Li ◽  
Ningxin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Relation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Approximation Space ◽  
Fuzzy Approximation ◽  
Entropy Measurement ◽  
Fuzzy Relation Matrix ◽  
Relation Matrix

 An approximation space (A-space) is the base of rough set theory and a fuzzy approximation space (FA-space) can be seen as an A-space under the fuzzy environment. A fuzzy probability approximation space (FPA-space) is obtained by putting probability distribution into an FA-space. In this way, it combines three types of uncertainty (i.e., fuzziness, probability and roughness). This article is devoted to measuring the uncertainty for an FPA-space. A fuzzy relation matrix is first proposed by introducing the probability into a given fuzzy relation matrix, and on this basis, it is expanded to an FA-space. Then, granularity measurement for an FPA-space is investigated. Next, information entropy measurement and rough entropy measurement for an FPA-space are proposed. Moreover, information amount in an FPA-space is considered. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed measures, and the effectiveness analysis is carried out from the point of view of statistics. Since three types of important theories (i.e., fuzzy set theory, probability theory and rough set theory) are clustered in an FPA-space, the obtained results may be useful for dealing with practice problems with a sort of uncertainty.

Rough set theory for the interval-valued fuzzy information systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 178 (8) ◽  
pp. 1968-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengtai Gong ◽  
Bingzhen Sun ◽  
Degang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Information ◽  
Interval Valued

scholarly journals Objective Evaluation of Deep Uncertainty Predictions for COVID-19 Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Asgharnezhad ◽  
Afshar Shamsi ◽  
Roohallah Alizadehsani ◽  
Abbas Khosravi ◽  
Saeid Nahavandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Quantification ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Novel Concept

Abstract Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely applied for detecting COVID-19 in medical images. Existing studies mainly apply transfer learning and other data representation strategies to generate accurate point estimates. The generalization power of these networks is always questionable due to being developed using small datasets and failing to report their predictive confidence. Quantifying uncertainties associated with DNN predictions is a prerequisite for their trusted deployment in medical settings. Here we apply and evaluate three uncertainty quantification techniques for COVID-19 detection using chest X-Ray (CXR) images. The novel concept of uncertainty confusion matrix is proposed and new performance metrics for the objective evaluation of uncertainty estimates are introduced. Through comprehensive experiments, it is shown that networks pertained on CXR images outperform networks pretrained on natural image datasets such as ImageNet. Qualitatively and quantitatively evaluations also reveal that the predictive uncertainty estimates are statistically higher for erroneous predictions than correct predictions. Accordingly, uncertainty quantification methods are capable of flagging risky predictions with high uncertainty estimates. We also observe that ensemble methods more reliably capture uncertainties during the inference. DNN-based solutions for COVID-19 detection have been mainly proposed without any principled mechanism for risk mitigation. Previous studies have mainly focused on on generating single-valued predictions using pretrained DNNs. In this paper, we comprehensively apply and comparatively evaluate three uncertainty quantification techniques for COVID-19 detection using chest X-Ray images. The novel concept of uncertainty confusion matrix is proposed and new performance metrics for the objective evaluation of uncertainty estimates are introduced for the first time. Using these new uncertainty performance metrics, we quantitatively demonstrate where and when we could trust DNN predictions for COVID-19 detection from chest X-rays. It is important to note the proposed novel uncertainty evaluation metrics are generic and could be applied for evaluation of probabilistic forecasts in all classification problems.

scholarly journals Measuring and Tracking Externalized Work to Support Industrialized Construction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Daneshgari ◽  
Heather Moore ◽  
Hisham Said
Keyword(s):  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The same principles that have made other skilled-trade-based industries more efficient are being deployed in construction through Industrialization, which requires understanding skilled trade work and segregating/externalizing the work from the jobsite. The construction industry still relies heavily on skilled trades and their tacit knowledge, while most of the information available at the points of installation is not passed on. A significant increase of work externalization requires a measuring and tracking method that can: 1) tap into this tacit knowledge as the basis for work planning and control; and 2) understand, quantify, and minimize the manipulation effort done onsite for the prefabricated assemblies. As such, this paper presents a planning and control framework for industrialized construction operations that integrates information entropy and the novel concept of work manipulations to monitor and measure the expected performance outcomes, in a more sophisticated approach beyond measuring äóìhoursäó� and äóìquantitiesäó� of the work. The development of the proposed framework is based on the analysis of a set of case studies that illustrate the impact of information predictability manipulation strategies on construction prefabrication decisions.

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