scholarly journals Sizing Algorithm for a Photovoltaic System along an Urban Railway Network towards Net Zero Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Prabath J. Binduhewa
Keyword(s):  
Transportation System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Capacity Sizing ◽  
Zero Emission

A reliable transportation system is essential for the development of a community. Especially in urban transportation, rail transportation is a faster, more comfortable way to travel for the commuters. These benefits can be valued further when the rail transportation system is with zero emissions. Electric trains can be considered a zero-emission transportation method. However, a rail transportation system operates with net-zero emissions when electricity is generated from zero-emission-based sources. Photovoltaic systems have already been integrated into railway stations and spare land owned by railways to achieve net-zero emissions. Furthermore, medium-voltage DC network and microgrid concepts have been proposed to incorporate more renewable energy sources into railway electrification systems. However, the energy generated from those systems is not enough to realise net-zero emissions, as the power requirements of an urban railway electrification system are high. Accordingly, this article investigates the possibility of implementing a photovoltaic system along the railway tracks to meet the energy demands of an urban railway electrification system so that net-zero emissions can be achieved. Other significant advantages of the proposed photovoltaic system are lower feeder losses due to distributed photovoltaic systems integrated into the railway electrification system, lower conversion losses due to the direct integration of the photovoltaic system into the railway electrification system, and the nonrequirement of additional space to install the photovoltaic system. In this paper, a photovoltaic system capacity sizing algorithm is proposed and presented by considering a railway electrification system, the daily schedule of trains, and historical photovoltaic weather data. This proposed photovoltaic system capacity sizing algorithm was evaluated considering a section of the urban railway network of Sri Lanka and a three-year, 2017-2020, photovoltaic weather data. The results indicated that the potential for photovoltaic generation by installing photovoltaic systems along a railway track is much higher than the requirement, and it is possible to meet the required train scheduling options with proper sizing. Furthermore, in the three-year analysis, it is possible to achieve 90% of the energy required for the railway electrification system with effective train scheduling methods.

scholarly journals Net-zero emission vehicles shift and equitable ownership in low-income households and communities: why responsible and circularity business models are essential

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana O. Bonsu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe UK Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution aims to ban petrol and diesel cars by 2030 and transition to electric vehicles (EVs). Current business models for EV ownership and the transition to net-net zero emissions are not working for households in the lowest income brackets. However, low-income communities bear the brunt of environmental and health illnesses from transport air pollution caused by those living in relatively more affluent areas. Importantly, achieving equitable EV ownership amongst low-and middle-income households and driving policy goals towards environmental injustice of air pollution and net-zero emissions would require responsible and circular business models. Such consumer-focused business models address an EV subscription via low-income household tax rebates, an EV battery value-chain circularity, locally-driven new battery technological development, including EV manufacturing tax rebates and socially innovative mechanisms. This brief communication emphasises that consumer-led business models following net-zero emission vehicles shift and decisions must ensure positive-sum outcomes. And must focus not only on profits and competitiveness but also on people, planet, prosperity and partnership co-benefits.

scholarly journals RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF GRID-CONNECTED INVERTER IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH SVPWM TECHNIQUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Minh ◽  
Bui Van Huy ◽  
Ngo Thi Quan ◽  
Nguyen Quang Ninh ◽  
Trinh Trong Chuong
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Space Vector ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter ◽  
Research And Design

This paper presents the design and simulation of three phase grid-connected inverter for photovoltaic systems with power ratings up to 5 kW. In this research, the application of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for inverter is explored. With the use of SVPWM inverter, synchronization between the inverter and electrical grid follows the Phaselocked Loop (PLL) algorithm. The proposed design is simulated and validated by experimental results.

scholarly journals FOTODIM—Software for Sizing of Photovoltaic Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Daisy Regina dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Camargo Nogueira ◽  
Felix Augusto Pazuch ◽  
Francielle Pareja Schneider ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Digital Book ◽  
Isolated Systems

This study addresses the development of a computational tool for the sizing of photovoltaic systems interconnected to the grid (grid-tied) and isolated (off-grid) systems. The calculations for the sizing were obtained from the CRESESB Engineering Manual for Photovoltaic Systems, the GREENPO Photovoltaic Systems Technology, Design and Installation Manual, and the BLUESOL Solar System Introduction Digital Book. With knowledge of the latitude, longitude and altitude data of the site, the tool calculates the angle of the modules for better absorption of the photovoltaic radiation. For systems connected to the grid, it is also necessary to provide information on the consumption of the building to be serviced by the photovoltaic system. For isolated systems, in addition to information on the site, it is necessary to know the demand and consumption of the building. Decision-making criteria are based on economic analysis, according to indexes such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Discounted Payback. The screens developed for the sizing tool and examples of sizing of both photovoltaic systems are presented as results, through tables and graphs. The developed software is reliable, and all calculations have theoretical basis.

scholarly journals Characteristic Analysis of Photovoltaic On-Grid System In Tropical Region For Weather-Corrected Performance Ratio Calculation Method Implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Erfan Syahputra ◽  
Rio Agustian Fajarin ◽  
Eko Adhi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Real Operating Condition

Indonesia has different weather factors than the subtropical climate that influences the performance indicators of photovoltaic systems. One of them is performance ratio that is affected by temperature factors. NREL proposes calculation method of Weather-Corrected Performance Ratio for correcting factors (temperature) in calculation performance ratio of photovoltaic systems. However, the implementation of this method in real operating condition of photovoltaic system especially in the tropics, has not received special attention. In addition, temperature coefficient of power photovoltaic (δ) in Standard Test Condition, is used in the calculation method may be different in real operating condition. This study was conducted to determine the effects of weather-corrected performance ratio method and to know characteristic of temperature coefficient of power photovoltaic (δ) as factors in of weather-corrected performance ratio method, in real operating condition especially in tropics. Through analysis photovoltaic system data from the data logger it is found that the range values of weather-corrected performance ratio are greater than conventional methods, with a maximum increase of 2.43%. Moreover it is found that because average temperature of tropical climate is higher than subtropical climate, it makes the percentage of power decrease to rise in temperature (δ) in tropical climate is higher than subtropical climate.

scholarly journals Prediction model for day-ahead solar insolation using meteorological data for smart grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06040
Author(s):  
Min Hee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Internet Platform

In the overseas market, power generation and energy service companies have been engaged in the business of providing personalized trading services for the production of electric power through the Internet platform. This is, so that the electric power sharing system between individuals is being developed through the Internet platform. The prediction of insolation is essential for the prediction of power generation for photovoltaic systems. In this study, we present a prediction model for insolation from data observed at the Meteorological Administration. We also present basic data for the development of the insolation prediction model through meteorological parameters provided in future weather forecasts. The prediction model presented is for five years of observation of weather data in the Seoul area. The proposed model was trained by using the feed-forward neural networks, taking into account the daily climatic elements. To validate the reliability of the model, the root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), and mean absolute error (MAE) were used for estimation. The results of this study can be used to predict the solar power generation system and to provide basic information for trading generated output by photovoltaic systems.

Assessing the Existing Bursa Light Rail Transportation System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Mehmet Rizelioğlu ◽  
Turan Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Negative Impacts

As car ownership soars, traffic congestion and its associated negative impacts have become real concerns in many cities around the world. Therefore, transportation systems that perform better in eliminating or reducing traffic congestion and related problems to tolerable levels have become imperative. Alternative transit systems should be assessed properly to accommodate the expected demand in the long term, at least, to some significant extent. However, this is generally neglected in developing countries and, among many possible alternatives, a popular transportation system is usually preferred within the available budget. As an example, Bursa Metropolitan Municipality, Turkey, has recently implemented a light rail transportation system (LRT) on its major east–west corridor as the main transit system. In this study, the existing LRT is assessed and its performance is compared with a hypothetical bus rapid transit (BRT) system, which is a strong contender and comparatively a lower-cost alternative. This is done to assess whether the LRT was the better choice in relation to the current demand. Therefore, in this study, the existing LRT system is first defined in the PTV VISSIM simulation environment. Then, the hypothetical BRT system is considered on the same route with the current demand. The capability and capacities of the existing LRT and the BRT system are assessed and compared in many aspects. The results are compared, and important findings are outlined.

scholarly journals Climate change impact on energy balance of net-zero energy buildings in typical climate regions of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Jiale Chai ◽  
Pei Huang ◽  
Yongjun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Study Results

Net-zero energy building (NZEB) is widely considered as a promising solution to the current energy and environmental problems. The existing NZEBs are designed using the historical weather data (e.g. typical meteorological year-TMY). Nevertheless, due to climate change, the actual weather data during a NZEB’s lifecycle may differ considerably from the historical weather data. Consequently, the designed NZEBs using the historical weather data may not achieve the desired performance in their lifecycles. Therefore, this study investigates the climate change impacts on NZEB’s energy balance in different climate regions, and also evaluates different measures’ effectiveness in mitigating the associated impacts of climate change. In the study, the multi-year future weather data in different climate regions are firstly generated using the morphing method. Then, using the generated future weather data, the energy balance of the NZEBs, designed using the TMY data, are assessed. Next, to mitigate the climate change impacts, different measures are adopted and their effectiveness is evaluated. The study results can improve the understanding of climate change impacts on NZEB’s energy balance in different climate regions. They can also help select proper measures to mitigate the climate change impacts in the associated climate regions.

Determination of Mars Solar-Belt by Modeling of Solar Radiation Using Artificial Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Khatib ◽  
Irjuwan Abunajeeb ◽  
Zainab Heneni
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Feed Forward Back Propagation ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Artificial Neural

Missions to Mars need a power source, while, one of the most compatible sources for such a purpose is the photovoltaic system. Photovoltaic systems generate power based on the available energy from the Sun, and thus, solar radiation intensity at Mars should be known for design purposes. In this research, the feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network is developed to predict solar radiation in terms of longitude, latitude, time of the day, temperature, altitude, pressure, amount of dust, and volume mixing ratio of water ice clouds. Data which are used to develop this model are obtained from the Mars Climate Database. The results of the developed method are accurate as compared with other methods whereas the correlation (R2) coefficient for the developed model is 0.97. The developed model then is used to predict mean solar radiation and mean temperature for every location on Mars and then the data are presented on Mars maps in order to determine the best location for harvesting energy from the Sun by photovoltaic systems. According to results, the solar radiation-temperature belt on Mars is found to be between latitudes 20 deg south and 15 deg north.

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