scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of Statin Therapy on Arterial Stiffness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Mona Alidadi ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
Khalid Al-Rasadi ◽  
Thomas P. Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Arterial stiffness describes the increased rigidity of the arterial wall that occurs as a consequence of biological aging and several diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that parameters to assess arterial stiffness, especially pulse-wave velocity, are predictive of those individuals that will suffer cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Statin therapy may be a pharmacological strategy to improve arterial elasticity. It has been shown that the positive benefits of statin therapy on cardiovascular disease is attributable not only to their lipid-lowering capacity but also to various pleiotropic effects, such as their anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antithrombotic properties. Additionally, statins reduce endothelial dysfunction, improve vascular and myocardial remodeling, and stabilize atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of the present review was to summarize the evidence from human studies showing the effects of statins on arterial stiffness.

Abstract 3499: Ethnic and Gender Differences in Large and Small Artery Elasticity: Results of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A Duprez ◽  
David Herrington ◽  
Darryl Prime ◽  
Pamela Ouyang ◽  
Graham R Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Small Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
And Gender

Background: Arterial stiffness is a surrogate marker for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; it may help account for ethnic and gender differences in cardiovascular risk. Objective: We examined the large and small artery elasticity (LAE, SAE) according to ethnicity and gender in the large MESA cohort study. Methods: A total of 3293 women and 3000 men aged 45– 84 years free of clinically recognized cardiovascular disease were recruited in 6 US communities from white, African American, Hispanic, and Chinese ethnicity. Pulse wave contour registration at the radial artery was performed in all subjects in a supine position using radial tonometry. LAE and SAE were derived from diastolic pulse contour analysis. Results: A strong gradient of arterial elasticity was seen per decade of age, about 1.2 ml/mmHgx10 for LAE and 0.7 ml/mmHgx100 for SAE. Table 1 presents mean levels of LAE and SAE, both unadjusted and simultaneously adjusted by regression for age, race/ethnicity, gender, center and education. We also adjusted for variables used in the estimation of arterial elasticity (height, heart rate, blood pressure and BMI), thus examining the information unique to the pulse wave contour. Much of the gender difference in arterial elasticity is explained by the gender difference in height. After adjustment LAE did not differ by ethnicity, but African Americans had lower levels of SAE. Conclusions: African Americans free of overt cardiovascular disease have lower SAE but not different LAE compared to white, Chines and Hispanic ethnicity. This reduced SAE may indicate earlier vascular disease in African Americans than in other groups. Table 1

scholarly journals Arterial Stiffness and Renal Replacement Therapy: A Controversial Topic

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo Cabrera Fischer ◽  
Yanina Zócalo ◽  
Cintia Galli ◽  
Sandra Wray ◽  
Daniel Bia
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Reliable Parameter ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

The increase of arterial stiffness has been to have a significant impact on predicting mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a noninvasive, reliable parameter of regional arterial stiffness that integrates the vascular geometry and arterial wall intrinsic elasticity and is capable of predicting cardiovascular mortality in this patient population. Nevertheless, reports on PWV in dialyzed patients are contradictory and sometimes inconsistent: some reports claim the arterial wall stiffness increases (i.e., PWV increase), others claim that it is reduced, and some even state that it augments in the aorta while it simultaneously decreases in the brachial artery pathway. The purpose of this study was to analyze the literature in which longitudinal or transversal studies were performed in hemodialysis and/or peritoneal dialysis patients, in order to characterize arterial stiffness and the responsiveness to renal replacement therapy.

scholarly journals The increasing of arterial vascular resistance is a primary factor of development isolated systolic hypertensions

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
A. A. Sokolov ◽  
M. V. Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Modern Methods

In the submitted review value of increase of vascular resistance and a vascular tone in development of an isolated arterial hypertension has been shown. Parameters of elasticity of the arteries, used for the characteristic of properties of a vascular wall are discussed. In the review modern methods non invasive study of the properties of the arterial wall was described. The special attention has been given study of the pulse wave velocity, value of parameters of resistance and arterial stiffness for an estimation of the forecast was shown.

scholarly journals Telomere Length and Arterial Stiffness Reflected by Brachial–Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Kyi Mar Wai ◽  
Sawada Kaori ◽  
Ken Itoh ◽  
Okuyama Shinya ◽  
Yuka Uchikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Telomere (TL) is a biomarker of biological aging, and its shortening is associated with major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to identify whether TL is associated with arterial stiffness as reflected by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). This population-based cross-sectional study involved 1065 individuals in the Iwaki area, Japan. Total TL length and TL G-tail length were measured by hybridization protection assay. The baPWV was measured on the right and left sides using a non-invasive vascular screening device. The associations between TL and baPWV were assessed by multivariate linear regression. Compared with the shortest total TL tertile, the longest total TL group showed a significant decrease in baPWV (lowest vs. highest tertile: adjusted beta: −41.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): −76.81, −5.68). The mean baPWV decreased with a longer TL (TL G-tail length: p trend < 0.001, total TL: p trend < 0.001). TL G-tail and total TL lengths were inversely associated with baPWV, implicating TL shortening in the development of CVD. This study provides evidence of the factors influencing CVD risks at a very early stage when individuals can still take necessary precautions before CVD gives rise to a symptomatic health outcome.

scholarly journals Arterial stiffness as a cardiovascular events risk marker and possibilities for its downregulation by contemporary antihypertensive medications

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sh Zagidullin ◽  
R Kh Zulkarneev ◽  
E S Scherbakova ◽  
Yu F Safina ◽  
Sh Z Zagidullin
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Wall Stiffness

Arterial blood pressure measured by Korotkov’s method is a non-valid predictor for possible cardiovascular events, which requires introduction of new methods of arterial hypertension diagnostics. Recently, the effect on arterial stiffness has become a very important characteristic of antihypertensive drugs overall efficacy. Evaluation of arterial stiffness (central aortic pressure, augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) contributes to more precise cardiovascular risk stratification and reflects target organ damage and the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment. In particular, pulse wave velocity exceeding 12 m/s is a significant risk factor of cardiovascular events. Arterial compliance can be determined by applanation tonometry, pulse wave shift at the carotid and femoral arteries, finger photoplethysmography, volume pulsoxymetry, echo-tracking, suprasystolic pulse waves recording method and cardio-ankle vascular index. Different effects of antihypertensive drugs on arterial stiffness at the same blood pressure reduction have been repeatedly shown. The article discusses the impact of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs, including contemporary antihypertensive drugs combinations, on arterial stiffness. Effect of beta-blockers greatly varies depending on the characteristics of the drug, diuretics have neutral effect, calcium antagonists (especially amlodipine) decrease the pulse wave speed and arterial wall stiffness. Both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers (more data for enalapril, perindopril and valsartan) were effective in decreasing arterial wall stiffness. A significant reduction in arterial wall stiffness was mainly found if antihypertensive drugs combinations were used, especially the combination of calcium antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular outcomes trials with statins in diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariha Naeem ◽  
Gerard McKay ◽  
Miles Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Drug Side Effects

Treatment with statins is one of the most effective ways of reducing cardiovascular events in those with diabetes. Many studies containing thousands of subjects with diabetes have demonstrated that statins reduce cardiovascular events when there is no known cardiovascular disease (primary prevention) and in those with confirmed atherosclerotic disease (secondary prevention). High-dose statins appear to be even more effective in established cardiovascular disease, but at the expense of increased drug side effects. In this paper we review the evidence for the benefits of statins in diabetes. In a second review we will examine the evidence for possible benefits of other lipid-lowering therapies when these are added to background statin therapy in diabetes.

Abstract WP383: The Effect of Stretching on Pulse Wave Velocity

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongok G Logan ◽  
Suk-Sun Kim ◽  
Mijung Lee ◽  
SeonAe Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Trunk Flexibility

Introduction: Large-artery stiffness is an independent predictor of hypertension which is a leading cause of excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) is considered the ‘gold-standard’ measure of arterial stiffness because it measures along the aorto-iliac pathway, which makes the largest contribution to the arterial buffering function. While there is well-documented evidence on the health benefits of aerobic and resistance exercise, the information for the effect of stretching on arterial stiffness is limited. Previous studies have shown that arterial stiffness is associated with trunk flexibility. Stretching exercise targeted to improve flexibility may exert a beneficial effect on reducing arterial stiffness. Purpose: This study aimed (1) to determine the association between trunk flexibility and arterial stiffness and (2) to examine whether one bout of stretching exercise will increase trunk flexibility and decrease arterial stiffness. Methods: Thirty healthy women (mean age = 44.37 years) were instructed to follow a 20-minute DVD demonstration of whole-body stretching. Before and after stretching, cf-PWV and trunk flexibility were measured by using the SphygmoCor system and by sit-and-reach test, respectively, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR) by using a Welch Allyn Monitor. All data were measured after taking a 10-minute rest in a supine position. Results: cf-PWV was not related to trunk flexibility, however, cf-PWV was significantly decreased after stretching compared with before stretching (mean difference [MD]=.63, , p=.01). Trunk flexibility was also significantly increased after stretching (MD=-3.08, p=.00). Furthermore, while SBP and DBP did not change significantly, HR was significantly reduced after stretching compared with before stretching (MD=3.12, p=.00). Conclusions: Our results showed that one bout of stretching exercise had significant effects on reducing arterial stiffness and heart rate. Further testing of long-term effects of stretching exercise is warranted for development of preventative interventions to reduce arterial stiffness, an important subclinical biomarker of cardiovascular disease.

071 Actigraphy-Derived Sleep Metrics are Not Related to Central Hemodynamics or Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A29-A29
Author(s):  
Meral Culver ◽  
Alexander Montoye ◽  
Nathan McMillan ◽  
Brett Cross ◽  
Bryan Riemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Score Range

Abstract Introduction Insufficient sleep is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. To evaluate the hypothesis that decrements in vascular function, due to poor sleep, may serve as a mechanistic link between sleep and cardiovascular disease, we explored relationships of actigraphy-derived sleep metrics with central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in healthy young adults. Methods A total of 23 women and 27 men (23±5 yrs), free of known cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal disease, and not using sleep medication, participated in this study. ActiGraph GT9X wrist-worn accelerometers were used to measure sleep efficiency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, and number of awakenings over a seven-day period. Vascular health measures including central pressures and augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@75) were quantified via pulse wave analysis, and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) was assessed using applanation tonometry. Gender-specific z-scores for each of the sleep metrics were summed to assign each participant a “sleep score” (higher score = better sleep), and relationships between sleep scores and vascular health measures were explored using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results In men, sleep score (range: -4.92 to 9.10) was not related (P&gt;0.05) to central systolic (114±15 mmHg, r=-0.26) or diastolic (72±7 mmHg, r=-0.21) pressures. Similarly, in women, sleep score (range: -5.02 to 5.34) was not related (P&gt;0.05) to central systolic (103±11 mmHg, r=-0.09) or diastolic (72±10 mmHg, r=-0.21) pressures. Sleep score also failed to predict (P&gt;0.05) indices of arterial stiffness, AIx@75 (men = 3.1±12.3, r=0.04; women = 5.2±9.5, r=-0.25) and cf-PWV (men = 6.2±0.8 m/s, r=-0.12; women = 5.7±0.5 m/s, r=-0.10). Conclusion In young healthy individuals, actigraphy-derived sleep characteristics were not related to central hemodynamics or non-invasive indices of arterial stiffness. Previously documented relationships between sleep and vascular function may be limited to less healthy populations, poorer sleepers, or only for certain sleep metrics. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Short-Term Prognostic Impact of Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults Without Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther D. Kim ◽  
Shoshana H. Ballew ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Gerardo Heiss ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Bottom Quartile ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Arterial stiffness, represented as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD). In older populations, however, this association seems attenuated. Moreover, the prognostic values of pulse wave velocity at different arterial segments and newer parameters like cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) remain unclear, especially in US older adults. In 3034 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants (66–90 years) without CVD, we examined the associations of 4 pulse wave velocity measures (cfPWV, heart-femoral, brachial-ankle, heart-ankle) and 2 new measures of arterial stiffness (CAVI and cardio-femoral vascular index derived from heart-ankle and heart-femoral, respectively) with incident CVD (coronary disease, stroke, and heart failure) and all-cause mortality. Over a median follow-up of 4.4 years, there were 168 incident CVD events and 244 deaths. Overall, stiffness measures did not show strong associations with CVD, except cfPWV, which demonstrated a J-shaped association even after adjusting for potential confounders (hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.08–3.09] in top quartile and 1.97 [1.14–3.39] in bottom quartile versus second bottom quartile). When each CVD was examined separately, heart failure was most robustly associated with higher cfPWV, and stroke was strongly associated with lower cfPWV. There were no significant associations with all-cause mortality. Among different measures of pulse wave velocity, cfPWV showed the strongest associations with CVD, especially heart failure, in older adults without CVD. Other pulse wave velocity measures had no strong associations. Our findings further support cfPWV as the index measure of arterial stiffness and the link of arterial stiffness to heart failure development but also suggest somewhat limited prognostic value of arterial stiffness in older adults overall.

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