drug side effects
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Author(s):  
Sayeh Ghorbanoghli ◽  
Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpoor ◽  
Mohammad Ali Vakili ◽  
Taghi Amiriani ◽  
Marzieh Qaraaty

Chronic constipation is a highly prevalent digestive problem in the community, which would decrease the quality of life of individuals. There is not any conclusive drug of choice for constipation. Golqand (combined Rosa × damascena Herrm. and honey) has been introduced as an effective safe laxative in Persian medicine (PM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of Golqand in comparison with Magnesium hydroxide suspension (MOM) in chronic constipation. In this clinical trial, fifty-six patients with chronic constipation were randomly assigned to the study groups of Golqand or MOM. Patients received Golqand (20 g daily) or MOM (40 mL daily) for 2 weeks. Patients took the drug twice a day, MOM group used it in the morning (20 mL) and at night before going to bed (20 mL). The Golqand group used it 10 g before lunch and 10 g before dinner, dissolved it in lukewarm water and swallowed. Then, they were followed for the second two weeks without any medication. The primary outcome was frequency of defecation. Patients were evaluated before the study and two weeks and four weeks after the beginning study. Estimated marginal mean frequency of defecation in the MOM group in the first two weeks was significantly higher than the Golqnd group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in the third week when treatment was discontinued (P = 0.155) but in the fourth week, the Golqand group had more count of defecation than the MOM group (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two study groups in terms of treatment satisfaction and drug side effects (P > 0.05). Golqand medication can be used in the treatment of constipation with very few drug side effects and a more lasting effect than MOM drug.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 33606-33606
Author(s):  
Shahram Jahanmanesh ◽  
◽  
Sareh Farhadi ◽  
Fares Najari ◽  
◽  
...  

Background: Determining the cause of death among drug addicts in Residential Rehab Campuses (RRCs) is of paramount importance, since it may prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, the present study was done to investigate the cause of death among drug addicts in RRCs in Kahrizak Dissection Hall, Tehran Province, Iran, from September 2011 to September 2019. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total number of 166 drug addicts, who had died in the RRCs located in Tehran, Iran were examined, and the findings were analyzed using the SPSS v. 26. Moreover, the Chi-square test was utilized to compare the results. Results: In this study, the most important causes of death, were infections, drug side effects, Myocardial Infarction (MI), and drowning, respectively. The highest frequency of death had occurred in the 31-40-year-old age group and was mostly observed in unmarried individuals. The most common causes of death were infection among the single and divorced ones and were MI for married cases. Toxicological results were generally negative in 60.84% of the cases. Also, 86.74% of the cases were non-pathological with regard to the brain tissue samples and 65.66% of the individuals had no pathological cardiac lesions. Besides, the most common microscopic findings of the lungs were associated with pulmonary edema. In the trauma group and also drug side effects and drowning groups, the most frequent pathological findings were pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema, respectively. As a whole, 69.87% of the deaths had occurred in the RRCs and 55.42% of them were assumed natural in terms of mode of occurrence. Conclusion: The majority of the deaths in the RRCs should not have occurred if the given centers were authorized and the illegal centers were closed. Moreover, these centers should have proper management with the presence of resident physicians and trained medical staff as well as necessary medical equipment, proper nutrition, no access to drugs and other illicit substances, along with adherence to hygienic principles to minimize mortality rates among the drug addicts living in the RRCs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Inayatush Sholihah ◽  
Joko Santoso

The lack of public understanding and awareness about safe drug information and misleading social media news related to drug use is a new challenge that cannot be underestimated. The purpose of this community service was to overcome the problem of the lack of public knowledge about side effects, especially as an effort to implement pharmacovigilance in the community. The method started from intervention to the community included providing education (socialization) on the dangers of drug side effects and workshops on the use of the method of measuring drug side effects using the Naranjo algorithm. The target of this activity was the residents of the Mertoudan, Mojosongo, Surakarta would get additional knowledge about drug side effects and know how to monitor it, also creating people who are aware of drug side effects. This activity increased the knowledge of residents about drug side effects and the ability to measure the probability of the occurrence of drug side effects. The implementation of this activity received a good response from the Chairperson of Dasa Wisma and the participants, who were very enthusiastic to increase their knowledge about drug side effects and the measurement method with the Naranjo algorithm.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Shahrestani ◽  
Ali R. Tafreshi ◽  
Nolan Brown ◽  
Khashayar Dashtipour

Abstract ImportanceAs evidence continues to accumulate regarding the multi-organ dysfunction associated with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), it is still unclear as to whether PD increases the risk of hematological pathology. ObjectiveTo investigate the association between PD and hematological pathology and relevant risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using 8-years of the National Readmission Database. All individuals diagnosed with PD were queried at the time of primary admission, and all relevant demographic data was collected. Readmissions, complications, and risk factors were analyzed at 30, 90, 180, and 300-day intervals. Statistical analysis included multivariate gaussian-fitted modelling, with age, sex, comorbidities, and discharge weights as covariates. Coefficients of model variables were exponentiated and interpreted as odds ratios. Predictive models were developed using generalized linear modeling. Complications were queried using International Classification of Disease codes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReadmission for blood transfusion within readmission intervals and potential risk factors for blood transfusion. ResultsAnalysis was with 1,765,800 PD patients (mean age: 76.3±10.4; 44.1% female). Rates of percutaneous blood transfusion in readmitted patients at 30, 90, 180, and 300 days was found to be 8.7%, 8.6%, 8.3%, and 8.3% respectively. At all timepoints, modelling revealed that those with anti-parkinsonism medication side effects at the primary admission had increased rates of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage (average OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.03, p<0.0001) and blood transfusion (average OR: 1.06; 95%CI: 1.05-1.08, p<0.0001) at readmission. PD patients who experienced GI hemorrhage of any etiology, including as a side effect of anti-parkinsonism medication, were found to have significantly higher rates of blood transfusion at all timepoints (average OR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.13-1.16, p<0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and predictive modelling confirmed these findings, with significantly higher rates of blood transfusion seen in PD patients with drug side effects and GI hemorrhage compared to those without.Conclusions and RelevanceOur findings suggest that PD patients may be readmitted at a high rate for blood transfusion procedures. These readmissions were found to be significantly associated with anti-parkinsonism drug side effects and GI hemorrhage of any etiology. Long-term management of PD patients should focus on both neurological and non-neurological complications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailan Shui ◽  
Pablo Gainza ◽  
Leo Scheller ◽  
Che Yang ◽  
Yoichi Kurumida ◽  
...  

AbstractSmall-molecule responsive protein switches are crucial components to control synthetic cellular activities. However, the repertoire of small-molecule protein switches is insufficient for many applications, including those in the translational spaces, where properties such as safety, immunogenicity, drug half-life, and drug side-effects are critical. Here, we present a computational protein design strategy to repurpose drug-inhibited protein-protein interactions as OFF- and ON-switches. The designed binders and drug-receptors form chemically-disruptable heterodimers (CDH) which dissociate in the presence of small molecules. To design ON-switches, we converted the CDHs into a multi-domain architecture which we refer to as activation by inhibitor release switches (AIR) that incorporate a rationally designed drug-insensitive receptor protein. CDHs and AIRs showed excellent performance as drug responsive switches to control combinations of synthetic circuits in mammalian cells. This approach effectively expands the chemical space and logic responses in living cells and provides a blueprint to develop new ON- and OFF-switches.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dana Sous ◽  
Michela V.R. Starace ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Elizabeth L. Nieman ◽  
Milan J. Anadkat ◽  
...  

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Onychomadesis occurs when the nail plate separates from the nail matrix and nail bed, eventually leading to shedding of the nail. This condition has been attributed to viral infections, autoimmune disorders, drug side effects, and physical trauma. A subset of patients has a recurrent form of onychomadesis without a clear trigger; this phenomenon is not well characterized in the literature. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> We present a case series of pediatric and adult patients with recurrent toenail onychomadesis in order to better characterize the disorder and explore possible etiologies, risk factors, and treatments. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> For the cases herein, we propose microtrauma associated with footwear as the underlying etiology given the periodicity of nail shedding, exclusion of other etiological factors, and presence of predisposing risk factors in certain patients. Many patients saw improvement with application of urea 40% cream, suggesting this can be a valuable part of a treatment strategy, in addition to minimizing injury to involved digits.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Neneng Sri Purwaningsih ◽  
Ahmad Senjaya ◽  
Jeniar Ulfita Rukmana

Drug Information Service is an activity of providing and providing information, drug recommendations that are independent, accurate, unbiased, current and comprehensive carried out. The purpose of this study was to analyze the description of drug information services received by patients. This research method is descriptive with accidental sampling technique based on a survey with a sample of 62 respondents. The results of the questionnaire given to patients regarding drug information services were obtained regarding the provision of drug information through leaflets or brochures as much as 22.58% were always carried out; information related to drug names as much as 80.65% is always carried out; drug dosage forms (tabelts, capsules, syrups, creams, ointments, etc.) as much as 82.26% are always carried out; drug doses as much as 77.42% are always carried out; how to use drugs as much as 85.48% are always done; the method of storing drugs as much as 80.65% is always carried out; drug indications as much as 72.58% are always carried out; drug interactions as much as 75.81% are always carried out; prevention of drug interactions as much as 74.19% is always done; drug side effects as much as 79.03% are always carried out; the method of destroying drugs (throwing, burning, or burying) 9.68% is always done. It's just that in drug information services regarding the provision of leaflets or brochures the results are 22.58% and the method of destroying drugs is 9.68%, which means that pharmacists rarely provide information and education to patients at the pharmacy about giving leaflets or brochures and how to destroy drugs. ABSTRAKPelayanan Informasi Obat merupakan kegiatan penyediaan dan pemberian informasi, rekomendasi obat yang independen, akurat, tidak bias, terkini dan komprehensif. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis mengidentifikasi gambaran pelayanan informasi obat yang di terima oleh pasien di Apotek X. Metode penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif dengan teknik accidental sampling berdasarkan survei dengan sampel yang didapat yaitu 62 responden. Hasil penelitian dari kuisioner yang diberikan pada pasien mengenai pelayanan informasi obat didapatkan mengenai pemberian informasi obat melalui leaflet atau brosur sebanyak 22,58% selalu dilakukan; informasi terkait nama obat sebanyak 80,65% selalu dilakukan; bentuk sediaan obat (tabelt, kapsul, sirup, cream, salep, dll) sebanyak 82,26% selalu dilakukan; dosis obat sebanyak 77,42% selalu dilakukan; cara pemakaian obat sebanyak 85,48% selalu dilakukan; cara penyimpanan obat sebanyak 80,65% selalu dilakukan; indikasi obat sebanyak 72,58% selalu dilakukan; interaksi obat sebanyak 75,81% selalu dilakukan; pencegahan terhadap interaksi obat sebanyak 74,19% selalu dilakukan; efek samping obat sebanyak 79,03% selalu dilakukan; cara pemusnahan obat (dibuang, dibakar, atau dikubur) sebanyak 9,68% selalu dilakukan. Hanya saja pada pelayanan informasi obat mengenai pemberian leaflet atau brosur hasilnya 22,58% dan cara pemusnahan obat hasilnya 9,68% yang artinya masih jarang dilakukannya pemberian informasi dan edukasi oleh Apoteker kepada pasien di Apotek tersebut tentang pemberian leaflet atau brosur dan cara pemusnahan obat.


2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Suehyun Lee ◽  
Jong Yeup Kim

Objectives: This study focuses on building a database for patient-led search on drug side effects using basic drug information, drug analysis results information, patient information, and patient-generated health data (PGHD).Methods: After collecting data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Institute, the Korean Pharmaceutical Information Center, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and the Korean Pharmaceutical Association, basic drug information was created. By utilizing the Korea Average Event Reporting System (KAERS) side effect report data provided by the Korea Drug Safety Administration and MetaLAB, a drug side effect detection algorithm applied on the Konyang university hospital’s real data, we designed and built a database using Oracle DB, which contains a table of patient information and PGHD. For drug information, a total of 49,553 drugs were mapped, and drug analysis results used KAERS and MetaLAB.Results: Based on the collected drug information, a total of 15 tables containing basic drug information (7 tables), drug analysis results (2 tables), patient information (1 table), and patient generation information (5 tables) were created using EDI codes, following mapping and normalization. Basic drug information included 49,553 EDI and 2,099 ATC codes. Drug analysis results included 2,046 KAERS ATC codes, 1,701 WHOART-ARRN (PT) that the result of 33 WHOART-SEQ (IT), 15,861 MetaLABEDI codes, and 101ATC codes. TheADR results were constructed using 62 DRUG_IDs and 73 MedDRA_PTI_IDs.Conclusions: The Patient Drug Database (PD2B) in this study was employed to allow patients to voluntarily report on their perception and drug side effects through application tools, which can provide quick measures against drug side effects and assist in the discovery of new ones.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 579-592
Author(s):  
R. M. Youssef ◽  
I. I. Moubarak

Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of pharmacological and lifestyle compliance among hypertensive patients. Patients attending health insurance clinics for prescription refills were randomly selected and interviewed [n = 316]. Blood pressure was controlled for 53.2% of patients but 25.9% were non-compliant with medication. Common barriers to compliance were: feelings of normal blood pressure, forgetfulness, drug holidays and drug side-effects. Patients were non-compliant with smoking cessation [43.6%], weight reduction [59.3%], and dietary salt [22.4%] and fat restriction [26.5%]. Misconceptions about smoking cessation and costs of preparing special dishes were common. Independent predictors of compliance were: controlled blood pressure, diet modification, drug side-effects, and perceptions of management benefits and susceptibility to related complications


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Islah Wahyuni ◽  
Linda Suryani

The use of drugs during pregnancy aims to improve the health of the mother and fetus. The provision must be adjusted to the needs of the mother and must be under the supervision of health workers. Maternal compliance in taking drugs during pregnancy is influenced by several factors, such as knowledge, attitudes, explanations of how to use drugs from health workers, perceptions and experiences and others. The purpose of the study was to identify the determinants of compliance of pregnant women in consuming drugs during pregnancy. The research sample was 54 respondents who were pregnant women from March to May 2021. The results showed that 29 respondents (53.7%) were obedient in taking drugs during pregnancy, based on the explanation of the majority of health workers, namely 34 people (79.1%), The majority of knowledge is good, namely 35 people (72.9%). Based on the attitude of the majority positive, namely 44 people (68.8%), based on anxiety about drug side effects the majority were 33 people (68.8%), based on the frequency of routine ANC visits (≥4x) namely 32 people (59.2% ). It is hoped that pregnant women can pay attention to the rules and procedures for taking drugs during this pregnancy.


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