The Roles of FOXO1 in Periodontal Homeostasis and Disease

Periodontitis is an oral chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by periodontal microbial communities and requires disruption of the homeostatic responses. The prevalence of periodontal disease increases with age; more than 70% of adults 65 years and older have periodontal disease. A pathogenic microbial community is required for initiating periodontal disease. Dysbiotic immune-inflammatory response and bone remodeling are characteristics of periodontitis. The transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a key regulator of a number of cellular processes, including cell survival and differentiation, immune status, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and apoptosis. Although accumulating evidence indicates that FOXO1 activity can be induced by periodontal pathogens, the roles of FOXO1 in periodontal homeostasis and disease have not been well documented. The present review summarizes how the FOXO1 signaling axis can regulate periodontal bacteria-epithelial interactions, immune-inflammatory response, bone remodeling, and wound healing.

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Calibrated interdental brushing for the prevention of periodontal pathogens infection in young adults - a randomized controlled clinical trial

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-51938-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Denis Bourgeois ◽

Manuel Bravo ◽

Juan-Carlos Llodra ◽

Camille Inquimbert ◽

Stéphane Viennot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Periodontal Bacteria ◽

Strong Indicator ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Total Bacteria

Abstract Periodontal disease is clearly correlated with systemic disease. The presence of periodontal pathogens in interdental spaces in young, healthy adults is a strong indicator of the need to introduce daily interdental prophylaxis. Twenty-five subjects (aged 18–35 years), diagnosticated clinically as periodontally healthy, were enrolled in this study. One hundred interdental sites were included. Among these sites, 50 “test” sites were cleaned daily with calibrated interdental brushes (IDBs), whereas the other 50 sites were not cleaned and considered “controls”. The interdental biofilm at these interdental sites was collected at the beginning of the study (basal) and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology was used to quantify (i) 19 periodontal bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, and (ii) total bacteria. In the test sites, the quantity of total bacteria decreased over time with the use of IDBs. The bacteria from the red and orange Socransky complexes, which are associated with periodontal disease, significantly decreased in the test sites but not in the control sites. Bacteria from the yellow, and purple Socransky complexes, which are associated with periodontal health, increased significantly in both groups whereas bacteria from the blue Socransky complex increased significantly only in the test sites. Furthermore, at basal, 66% of test sites and 68% of control sites bled during interdental brushing. These percentages decreased by 85% in 3 months for the test sites and by 27% in the control sites. In conclusion, the daily use of calibrated IDBs can reduce periodontal pathogens, reestablish symbiotic microbiota and, decrease interdental inflammation in interdental sites of healthy young adults.

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Effects of Hepatitis C Virus Elimination by Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents on the Occurrence of Oral Lichen Planus and Periodontal Pathogen Load: A Preliminary Report

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/8925879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yumiko Nagao ◽

Masahide Tsuji

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Periodontal Pathogen ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Periodontal Bacteria ◽

Before And After ◽

Oral Lichen

Objective. The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and oral lichen planus (OLP) is well known, but the association with periodontal disease has been reported less often. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of periodontal bacteria and OLP lesions before and after HCV elimination. Subjects and Methods. The subjects were four OLP patients (mean age 72.5 years) with HCV infection. Six types of periodontal bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) were quantified in saliva, and changes in OLP were examined before and after elimination of HCV by antiviral therapy. Biochemical blood tests also were performed. Results. The total number of periodontal bacteria, the numbers of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, and F. nucleatum, and the risk of presenting with the red-complex bacteria (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T.denticola), leading to periodontal disease progression, decreased after HCV elimination. OLP disappeared in three of the four patients and decreased in the other after sustained virological responses (SVRs). Conclusion. HCV elimination not only improved OLP lesions but also reduced the number of periodontal pathogens and the amount of red-complex periodontal pathogens.

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Prevalence of Periodontal Destruction and Putative Periodontal Pathogens in the Same Lebanese Family

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 970-976 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zoubeida Al Yahfoufi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Aggressive Periodontitis ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Exact Methods ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Periodontal Bacteria ◽

Informed Consent Form ◽

Periodontal Destruction

ABSTRACT Aim Periodontal diseases are associated with microorganisms rich in Gram-negative species. Several studies have indicated the presence of few a periodontopathic microorganisms in the same family. A parent with severe adult periodontitis, who is infected with bacteria associated with periodontal disease, may function as a source of infection. Their children may be at a greater risk to become colonized with bacteria. The purpose of this investigation was (1) to explore the presence of three bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Prevotella intermedia (PI), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) in the same Lebanese family and (2) to study the clinical destruction in the same family and their relations as members of this family due to the presence of PG. Materials and methods A total of 10 families were screened; only 5 (13 females and 5 males) were selected for this study, and at least one member of the family had untreated periodontal disease, chronic or aggressive. Every participant signed an informed consent form. A total of 18 available deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples were taken to analyze the presence of three periodontal bacteria. Statistics Multiple logistic regression was used for the exact methods. Results All 18 patients showed a positive result for PI. Also, PG. was recognized in 15 patients while AA was not detected in any of the subjects. All couples suffered from periodontitis, chronic or aggressive forms, five children suffered from gingivitis, three children had no clinical manifestation, and only one suffered from localized aggressive periodontitis. The statistical analysis showed with each 1 year of increase in age, the odds of having periodontal disease multiply by 1.39, i.e., age as a risk factor for periodontal disease due to the presence of PG and sharing the same plate. Conclusion This investigation demonstrates a high prevalence of periodontal microorganisms in children and young adults of Lebanese periodontitis parents and a microbiological similarity between the children and their mothers. All these factors could be a high risk of developing periodontal disease in the future. Clinical significance This article shows that vertical transmission of microorganisms is a possible risk factor for developing periodontal disease in the offspring. How to cite this article Al Yahfoufi Z. Prevalence of Periodontal Destruction and Putative Periodontal Pathogens in the Same Lebanese Family. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):970-976.

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Resveratrol and Its Analogs as Functional Foods in Periodontal Disease Management

Frontiers in Dental Medicine ◽

10.3389/fdmed.2021.636423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Rong Ivan Lim ◽

Philip M. Preshaw ◽

Haishu Lin ◽

Kai Soo Tan

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Periodontal Treatment ◽

Potential Utility ◽

Therapeutic Properties

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease driven by the interaction between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and the dysregulated host immune-inflammatory response. Naturally derived nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol and its analogs, are potential adjunctive therapies in periodontal treatment due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, different analogs of resveratrol and the choice of solvents used may lead to varying effects on therapeutic properties. This review presents the current findings and gaps in our understanding on the potential utility of resveratrol and its analogs in periodontal treatment.

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Comparison of Sampling Techniques For qPCR Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.12.5993 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 2853-2856 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Igor Jelihovschi ◽

Cristian Drochioi ◽

Aida Corina Badescu ◽

Raoul Vasile Lupusoru ◽

Alexandra Elena Munteanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Treponema Denticola ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Radiographic Evidence ◽

Gingival Bleeding ◽

As Species ◽

Qpcr Quantification

The diagnosis of periodontal disease is mainly based on use of clinical and radiographic evidence. In this study we employed a quantitative PCR analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola as species strongly involved in periodontal diseases, burden in periodontal pockets to detect the main sampling factors that interfere with qPCR results. From 22 patients with advanced periodontal disease, subgingival plaque was comparatively collected by paper points and periodontal Gracey curettes. Samples were collected from the same situs in presence of gingival bleeding and absence of bleeding. The concordance and agreement of results between samples were assessed. The present study demonstrates that subgingival plaque sampling with sterile absorbable paper points is often accompanied by gingival bleeding resulting in quantification biases of periodontal pathogens.

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AB0713 PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS/SPA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1652.1-1652

Author(s):

A. Pandey ◽

V. Ravindran ◽

M. Pandey ◽

R. Rajak ◽

V. Pandey

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Close Association ◽

Case Control ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Host Inflammatory Response

Background:A close association between periodontal disease and Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has long been specualted. Both diseases are characterized by dysregulation of the host inflammatory response, leading to further destruction of soft and hard connective tissue with there being evidence of increased levels of TNF-α and various interleukins in both patients of AS and periodontitis.Objectives:The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the available literature exploring the relationship between AS and periodontal disease.Methods:We searched Medline & Embase databases (from their inception till October 2019) using appropriate combinations of following search items with limits ‘(English, Human)’; Ankylosing spondylitis, spondyloarthritis, spondyloarthropathies, spondyloarthritides, spinal disease, musculoskeletal disease, Rheumatic disease AND periodontitis, periodontal disease, periodontoses, parodontoses, chronic periodontitis, gum disease, gingivitis, oral health, dental health, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss. This search was supplemented by the manual search of bibliographies of articles selected and conferences proceedings of EULAR. Only be reviews, observational study of cross-sectional, cohort or case control type on adult patients with AS were selected. Data was extracted from a predesigned proforma. A close association between periodontal disease and Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has long been specualted. Both diseases are characterized by dysregulation of the host inflammatory response, leading to further destruction of soft and hard connective tissue with there being evidence of increased levels of TNF-α and various interleukins in both patients of AS and periodontitis.Results:A total number of 984 articles were identified and 12 were selcted for detailed appraisal (Figure 1, PRISMA flow chart). They were all case control studies. The prevalence of periodontitis ranged from 38% to 88% in patients with AS whereas in the control group from 26% to 71 % in controls. Out of 12 studies, two showed significant changes in Plaque Index (PI), two studies showed altered Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), three showed significant increased in Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) and increased Bleeding On Probing (BOP) was seen in 2 studies. In 7 studies, periodontitis was seen in a significant number of patients with AS (P<0.05). All studies reported that the prevalence of periodontal disease in AS patients was higher as compared to non-AS patients.Conclusion:Our systematic review found an association between AS and periodontal disease. Patients with AS show higher prevalence of periodontitis and a poor oral hygiene as compared to healthy controls. At practice level, this systematic review underscores the need for a collaboration between dentists and rheumatologist.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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The burden of periodontal disease

Dental Update ◽

10.12968/denu.2019.46.10.907 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 907-913

Author(s):

Kasim Butt ◽

Razia Butt ◽

Praveen Sharma

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Severe Form ◽

Health Concern ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

The Uk

Periodontal disease is the most common chronic inflammatory disease seen in humans. It is a major public health concern, and in its severe form affects approximately 10.8% or 743 million people aged 15−99 worldwide. Trends such as the rise of smoking in developing countries, the obesity and diabetes epidemic, coupled with an ageing population with greater tooth retention, are all likely to increase the burden of periodontitis still further in the UK and worldwide. Consequences of periodontitis include hypermobility of teeth, tooth migration, drifting and eventual tooth loss. Tooth loss can directly affect the quality of life of a person in terms of reduced functional capacity, self-esteem and social relationships. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article reports the prevalence of periodontal disease in the UK and worldwide, along with the consequences of periodontitis. The importance of timely diagnosis to avoid litigation is discussed, as is the importance of effective management of periodontitis in order to improve patients' oral health-related quality of life.

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Mechanisms in allergic airway inflammation – lessons from studies in the mouse

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1462399408000707 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Bennett O.V. Shum ◽

Michael S. Rolph ◽

William A. Sewell

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Airway Inflammation ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽

Cell Types ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Pathological Feature ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Novel Therapeutic

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, involving recurrent episodes of airway obstruction and wheezing. A common pathological feature in asthma is the presence of a characteristic allergic airway inflammatory response involving extensive leukocyte infiltration, mucus overproduction and airway hyper-reactivity. The pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation is complex, involving multiple cell types such as T helper 2 cells, regulatory T cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, and parenchymal cells of the lung. The cellular response in allergic airway inflammation is controlled by a broad range of bioactive mediators, including IgE, cytokines and chemokines. The asthmatic allergic inflammatory response has been a particular focus of efforts to develop novel therapeutic agents. Animal models are widely used to investigate inflammatory mechanisms. Although these models are not perfect replicas of clinical asthma, such studies have led to the development of numerous novel therapeutic agents, of which some have already been successful in clinical trials.

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Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01606-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyle W. MacDonald ◽

Ryan M. Chanyi ◽

Jean M. Macklaim ◽

Peter A. Cadieux ◽

Gregor Reid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Health Concern ◽

Chewing Gum ◽

Gingival Fibroblasts ◽

Streptococcus Salivarius ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Whole Cell Lysate

Abstract Background Periodontal disease represents a major health concern. The administration of beneficial microbes has been increasing in popularity over efforts to manipulate the microbes using antimicrobial agents. This study determined the ability of Streptococcus salivarius to inhibit IL-6 and IL-8 production by gingival fibroblasts when activated by periodontal pathogens and their effect on the salivary microbiome. Methods Primary human gingival fibroblasts were challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum and a combination of all three. IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release were measured. Using this same model, S. salivarius K12, M18 and different supernatant and whole-cell lysate fractions of S. salivarius K12 were administered to pathogen-induced fibroblasts. A patient study of healthy participants was also conducted to determine the effect S. salivarius K12 had on the native microbiome using 16S next generation sequence analysis. Results All pathogens tested induced a significant IL-6 and IL-8 response. S. salivarius K12 or M18, did not exhibit an increase in inflammatory cytokines. When either of the probiotic strains were co-administered with a pathogen, there were significant reductions in both IL-6 and IL-8 release. This effect was also observed when gingival fibroblasts were pre-treated with either S. salivarius K12 or M18 and then stimulated with the oral pathogens. Chewing gum containing S. salivarius K12 did not alter the salivary microbiome and did not increase inflammatory markers in the oral cavity. Conclusion S. salivarius K12 and M18 prevented immune activation induced by periodontal disease pathogens. S. salivarius K12 did not alter the salivary microbiome or induce immune activation when administered as a chewing gum. These results warrant further study to determine if it may be an effective treatment in a model of periodontal disease.

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Stanniocalcin-1, an inhibitor of macrophage chemotaxis and chemokinesis

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00138.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 286 (2) ◽

pp. F356-F362 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

John Kanellis ◽

Roger Bick ◽

Gabriela Garcia ◽

Luan Truong ◽

Chun Chui Tsao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Intracellular Calcium ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Chemotactic Protein ◽

Stromal Cell Derived Factor ◽

Mammalian Counterpart

In macrophages, changes in intracellular calcium have been associated with activation of cellular processes that regulate cell adhesion and motility and are important for the response of macrophages to antigenic stimuli. The mammalian counterpart of the fish calcium-regulating hormone stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is expressed in multiple organs including the thymus and spleen, and hence, we hypothesized that it may have a role in modulating the immune/inflammatory response. Using murine macrophage-like (RAW264.7) and human monoblast-like (U937) cells to study chemotaxis in vitro, we found that STC1 attenuated chemokinesis and diminished the chemotactic response to monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α. Consistent with these findings, STC1 blunted the rise in intracellular calcium following MCP-1 stimulation in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo studies suggested differential expression of STC1 in obstructed kidney and localization to macrophages. MCP-1 and STC1 transcripts were both upregulated following ureteric obstruction, suggesting a functional association between the two genes. Our data suggest a role for mammalian STC1 in modulating the immune/inflammatory response.

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