scholarly journals Calibrated interdental brushing for the prevention of periodontal pathogens infection in young adults - a randomized controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Bourgeois ◽  
Manuel Bravo ◽  
Juan-Carlos Llodra ◽  
Camille Inquimbert ◽  
Stéphane Viennot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Strong Indicator ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract Periodontal disease is clearly correlated with systemic disease. The presence of periodontal pathogens in interdental spaces in young, healthy adults is a strong indicator of the need to introduce daily interdental prophylaxis. Twenty-five subjects (aged 18–35 years), diagnosticated clinically as periodontally healthy, were enrolled in this study. One hundred interdental sites were included. Among these sites, 50 “test” sites were cleaned daily with calibrated interdental brushes (IDBs), whereas the other 50 sites were not cleaned and considered “controls”. The interdental biofilm at these interdental sites was collected at the beginning of the study (basal) and at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 3 months. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology was used to quantify (i) 19 periodontal bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, and (ii) total bacteria. In the test sites, the quantity of total bacteria decreased over time with the use of IDBs. The bacteria from the red and orange Socransky complexes, which are associated with periodontal disease, significantly decreased in the test sites but not in the control sites. Bacteria from the yellow, and purple Socransky complexes, which are associated with periodontal health, increased significantly in both groups whereas bacteria from the blue Socransky complex increased significantly only in the test sites. Furthermore, at basal, 66% of test sites and 68% of control sites bled during interdental brushing. These percentages decreased by 85% in 3 months for the test sites and by 27% in the control sites. In conclusion, the daily use of calibrated IDBs can reduce periodontal pathogens, reestablish symbiotic microbiota and, decrease interdental inflammation in interdental sites of healthy young adults.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease: The Good, The Bad, and The Unknown

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea M. Sedghi ◽  
Margot Bacino ◽  
Yvonne Lorraine Kapila
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal disease is classically characterized by progressive destruction of the soft and hard tissues of the periodontal complex, mediated by an interplay between dysbiotic microbial communities and aberrant immune responses within gingival and periodontal tissues. Putative periodontal pathogens are enriched as the resident oral microbiota becomes dysbiotic and inflammatory responses evoke tissue destruction, thus inducing an unremitting positive feedback loop of proteolysis, inflammation, and enrichment for periodontal pathogens. Keystone microbial pathogens and sustained gingival inflammation are critical to periodontal disease progression. However, recent studies have revealed the importance of previously unidentified microbes involved in disease progression, including various viruses, phages and bacterial species. Moreover, newly identified immunological and genetic mechanisms, as well as environmental host factors, including diet and lifestyle, have been discerned in recent years as further contributory factors in periodontitis. These factors have collectively expanded the established narrative of periodontal disease progression. In line with this, new ideologies related to maintaining periodontal health and treating existing disease have been explored, such as the application of oral probiotics, to limit and attenuate disease progression. The role of systemic host pathologies, such as autoimmune disorders and diabetes, in periodontal disease pathogenesis has been well noted. Recent studies have additionally identified the reciprocated importance of periodontal disease in potentiating systemic disease states at distal sites, such as in Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, and oral cancer, further highlighting the importance of the oral cavity in systemic health. Here we review long-standing knowledge of periodontal disease progression while integrating novel research concepts that have broadened our understanding of periodontal health and disease. Further, we delve into innovative hypotheses that may evolve to address significant gaps in the foundational knowledge of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Qat Chewing and Periodontal Pathogens in Health and Disease: Further Evidence for a Prebiotic-Like Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Al-Alimi ◽  
Tara Taiyeb-Ali ◽  
Nasruddin Jaafar ◽  
Nezar Noor Al-hebshi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Parvimonas Micra ◽  
Nominal Significance ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Filifactor Alocis ◽  
Total Bacteria

Aim. Qat chewing has been reported to induce subgingival microbial shifts suggestive of prebiotic-like properties. The objective here was to assess the effect of qat chewing on a panel of classical and new putative periopathogens in health and periodontitis.Materials and Methods. 40 qat chewers and 40 nonchewers, equally stratified by periodontal health status, were recruited. Taqman, real-time PCR was used to quantify total bacteria,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Tannerella forsythia,Treponema denticola,Parvimonas micra,Filifactor alocis, Synergistetes, and TM7s in pooled subgingival biofilm samples. Differences in microbial parameters between the study groups were analysed using ordinal regression.Results. In health, the qat chewers harboured significantly lower relative counts ofP. gingivalis,T. forsythia, Synergistetes, and TM7s after adjustment for multiple comparisons (P≤0.007). At nominal significance level, they also carried lower counts of TM7s andP. micra(P≤0.05). In periodontitis, the chewers had lower counts of all taxa; however, onlyT. denticolawithstood correction for multiple comparisons (P≤0.0063).Conclusions. Qat chewing is associated with lower proportions of periopathogens, particularly in subjects with healthy periodontium, which supports previous reports of its prebiotic-like properties. This potentially beneficial biological effect can be exploited by attempting to isolate the active fraction.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of periodontal pathogen levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peri-implantitis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taichi Ito ◽  
Gentaro Mori ◽  
Yukari Oda ◽  
Tomoki Hirano ◽  
Hodaka Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Average Copy ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract Objective The mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of peri-implantitis are similar to those of periodontitis, and the causative bacteria are believed to similar. Previous studies support an association between peri-implantitis and periodontal pathogen. Thus, we investigated the bacterial flora of peri-implantitis patients in comparison to those of healthy implant and periodontitis patients. Materials and methods In total, 70 patients visiting Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital were divided into four groups: healthy, periodontitis, healthy implant, and peri-implantitis. For each group, the following five periodontal pathogens were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. Results The average copy number of total bacteria was significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the other groups. P. gingivalis was detected in the periodontitis and peri-implantitis groups at levels as high as 18.92% and 12.29%, respectively, and P. intermedia was found in the peri-implantitis group at a rate of 2.06%. Nevertheless, periodontal pathogens were generally detected at lower levels in the peri-implantitis group than in the periodontitis group. Conclusion We found lower bacterial counts in the peri-implantitis group relative to the periodontitis group. Our results suggest that the peri-implant tissue is less resistant to bacteria, so even a small number of bacteria can be a risk factor for peri-implantitis and the causative agent of peri-implantitis can be bacteria other than periodontal pathogen.

scholarly journals Effects of Hepatitis C Virus Elimination by Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents on the Occurrence of Oral Lichen Planus and Periodontal Pathogen Load: A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yumiko Nagao ◽  
Masahide Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Oral Lichen Planus ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oral Lichen

Objective. The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and oral lichen planus (OLP) is well known, but the association with periodontal disease has been reported less often. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of periodontal bacteria and OLP lesions before and after HCV elimination. Subjects and Methods. The subjects were four OLP patients (mean age 72.5 years) with HCV infection. Six types of periodontal bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) were quantified in saliva, and changes in OLP were examined before and after elimination of HCV by antiviral therapy. Biochemical blood tests also were performed. Results. The total number of periodontal bacteria, the numbers of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, and F. nucleatum, and the risk of presenting with the red-complex bacteria (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T.denticola), leading to periodontal disease progression, decreased after HCV elimination. OLP disappeared in three of the four patients and decreased in the other after sustained virological responses (SVRs). Conclusion. HCV elimination not only improved OLP lesions but also reduced the number of periodontal pathogens and the amount of red-complex periodontal pathogens.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Periodontal Destruction and Putative Periodontal Pathogens in the Same Lebanese Family

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 970-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoubeida Al Yahfoufi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Periodontal Destruction

ABSTRACT Aim Periodontal diseases are associated with microorganisms rich in Gram-negative species. Several studies have indicated the presence of few a periodontopathic microorganisms in the same family. A parent with severe adult periodontitis, who is infected with bacteria associated with periodontal disease, may function as a source of infection. Their children may be at a greater risk to become colonized with bacteria. The purpose of this investigation was (1) to explore the presence of three bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Prevotella intermedia (PI), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA) in the same Lebanese family and (2) to study the clinical destruction in the same family and their relations as members of this family due to the presence of PG. Materials and methods A total of 10 families were screened; only 5 (13 females and 5 males) were selected for this study, and at least one member of the family had untreated periodontal disease, chronic or aggressive. Every participant signed an informed consent form. A total of 18 available deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples were taken to analyze the presence of three periodontal bacteria. Statistics Multiple logistic regression was used for the exact methods. Results All 18 patients showed a positive result for PI. Also, PG. was recognized in 15 patients while AA was not detected in any of the subjects. All couples suffered from periodontitis, chronic or aggressive forms, five children suffered from gingivitis, three children had no clinical manifestation, and only one suffered from localized aggressive periodontitis. The statistical analysis showed with each 1 year of increase in age, the odds of having periodontal disease multiply by 1.39, i.e., age as a risk factor for periodontal disease due to the presence of PG and sharing the same plate. Conclusion This investigation demonstrates a high prevalence of periodontal microorganisms in children and young adults of Lebanese periodontitis parents and a microbiological similarity between the children and their mothers. All these factors could be a high risk of developing periodontal disease in the future. Clinical significance This article shows that vertical transmission of microorganisms is a possible risk factor for developing periodontal disease in the offspring. How to cite this article Al Yahfoufi Z. Prevalence of Periodontal Destruction and Putative Periodontal Pathogens in the Same Lebanese Family. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):970-976.

scholarly journals Localised Aggressive Periodontitis – A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Milind Wasnik ◽  
Suryakant Kumar ◽  
Arun Sajjanar ◽  
Niharika Gahlod ◽  
Sneha Khekade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Localized Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Google Search

The term “periodontal diseases” includes any inherited or acquired disorders of the tissues that are supporting the teeth i. e Gingiva, Cementum, PDL, and Alveolar bone. The periodontal disease can be either localized or generalized. Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) patients have interproximal attachment loss on at least two permanent first molars and incisors, with attachment loss on no more than two teeth other than first molars and incisors. In children and adolescents LAgP occurs without clinical evidence of systemic disease and it is characterized by the severe loss of alveolar bone around permanent teeth [10]. Most commonly the disease is localized to the permanent first molars and incisors. Aim: The aim of this review article is explain in details about aggressive periodontitis including different management aspect of the same. Methods: This paper presents a review of the aggressive periodontitis in children. An electronic search was conducted using Pub Med®/MEDLINE, and Google search using the terms: Periodontium, Localized Aggressive Periodontitis, Children and periodontal health, periodontal health in adolescents, gingival disease in children, periodontal disease in children,  gingivitis, periodontitis, gingival disease and its prevalence, periodontal disease and its prevalence.

scholarly journals Review- The periodontal pathogen Treponema denticola: an atherosclerosis risk factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e25810111637
Author(s):  
Pâmela Beatriz do Rosário Estevam dos Santos ◽  
Patrícia Michelle Nagai de Lima ◽  
Ana Luiza do Rosário Palma ◽  
Amjad Abu Hasna ◽  
Rodnei Dennis Rossoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk Factor

Objective: Treponema denticola “T. denticola” is a pathogen associated with periodontal diseases that exhibits capacity for adherence, invasion, and colonization of host tissues, which allows alternating its location and damage in different sites of human body. This review aimed to discuss different studies that detected T. denticola in atherosclerotic plaques, demonstrating the importance of periodontal disease on the systemic health and the necessity of exploring the outcome of this colonization apart from the oral cavity. Methodology: Fifty-five studies were identified and gathered in this review according to the following topics: Periodontal disease, atherosclerosis and T. denticola. In vitro and in vivo studies published between 2002 and 2020 were searched on PubMed, raising relevant insights about the role of T. denticola and its association with the systemic disease, atherosclerosis, focusing on the bacterial tissue invasion and development of atherosclerosis. Results: After bibliographic review, it was possible to identify studies demonstrating the presence of T. denticola and other oral pathogens in cardiac or vascular tissues and in blood serum, as well, there is research in which other evidence of a relationship with atherosclerosis is shown. Conclusion: The invasion of periodontal pathogens and its toxins associated to the host’s immune and inflammatory response may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Periodontal health and detection of periodontal bacteria in patients with acute coronary syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (82) ◽  
pp. 2079-2090
Author(s):  
Ana Pejčić ◽  
Radmila Obradović ◽  
Marija Bradić-Vasić ◽  
Ivan Minić ◽  
Džemil Kurtagić
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The Third ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Severe Periodontitis

Introduction: Recent studies have found that patients with periodontitis have greater risk of incurring fatal cardiovascular disease than patients without periodontitis. Emerging research has identified inflammation caused by periodontitis as significantly increasing the risk for ACS. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate a periodontal status in the patients with ACS, and to assess the association of different periodontal parameters with ACS. Material and methods: In the first group, patients both with ACS and periodontitis were enrolled as cases. Patients were examined 3 days after ischemia. The second group consisted of patients who had only periodontitis. The control group consisted of healthy individuals. Periodontal parameters were measured and matched on the basis of demographic characteristics and assessed between the groups. The severity of periodontitis in both cases was analyzed. Results: Analysis of the periodontal parameters showed that median scores were higher in patients in the first and the second group compared to the third control group but significantly higher in group with ACS. Levels of inflammatory markers were highest in the first group, compared to the second group and the control group. Periodontal pathogens were more strongly present in patients with ACS than in the group with periodontitis, indicating that it was a serious illness in these patients. Conclusion: This study supports an association between periodontitis and ACS. Severe periodontitis is present in this patients indicating that periodontitis can further act on the development of ACS.

Tobacco and Smoking: Environmental Factors That Modify the Host Response (Immune System) and Have an Impact On Periodontal Health

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E. Barbour ◽  
Keisuke Nakashima ◽  
Ji-Bo Zhang ◽  
Srilatha Tangada ◽  
Chin-Lo Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Pocket Depth

This review summarizes the current data on the effects of smoking and tobacco on the immune system and its potential impact on periodontal health. Smokers are 2.5-6 times more likely to develop periodontal disease than non-smokers, and there is evidence for a direct correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and the risk of developing disease. Tobacco users also tend to exhibit increased severity of periodontal disease. Direct correlations between tobacco use and increased attachment loss and pocket depth and reduced bone crest height have been reported. Although the correlation between tobacco use and periodontal disease is quite strong, the role of tobacco in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is uncertain. Recent studies indicate that one potential mechanism is that tobacco use exacerbates periodontal disease because it alters the immune response to periodontal pathogens. Indeed, smokers exhibit increased numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes which appear to be functionally compromised. Inadequate phagocyte activity could reduce the clearance of pathogens from the oral cavity and thereby facilitate the development of periodontal disease Tobacco-exposed B- and T-lymphocytes exhibit reduced proliferative capacities which could limit the production of protective immunoglobulins against oral pathogens. The risk factors for periodontal disease can be broadly classified as genetic, environmental, host-response factors, and host-related factors such as age. Tobacco, an environmental factor, undermines the host response and may facilitate the development and progression of periodontal disease. This review highlights the inter-relatedness of two of the risk factors associated with periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Dental Plaque Microbial Resistomes of Periodontal Health and Disease and Their Changes after Scaling and Root Planing Therapy

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Kang ◽  
Bianjin Sun ◽  
Yiju Chen ◽  
Yongliang Lou ◽  
Meiqin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Scaling And Root Planing ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Health And Disease

The emergence and development of resistance to antibiotics in periodontal pathogens have affected the success rate of treatment for periodontitis. The development of new antibacterial strategies is urgently needed to help control and treat periodontal disease, and dental plaque microbiome studies offer a promising new angle of attack.

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