scholarly journals Aboriginal Bacterial Flora in the Uricase-Deficient Rat Gut is Not the Main Factor Affecting Serum Uric Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nan Fan ◽  
Lvyu Li ◽  
Heng Xia ◽  
Yinfang Gao ◽  
Yongkun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fresh Stool ◽  
A Minor

The relationship between intestinal bacteria and hyperuricemia is a hot research topic. To better understand this relationship, uricase-deficient Sprague–Dawley rats (Kunming-DY rats) were used. The wild-type rats and Kunming-DY rats were used as controls. Kunming-DY rats were treated with ampicillin (90 mg/kg) and ciprofloxacin (150 mg/kg) for 5 days. Bacterial 16S rDNA in the fresh stool was sequenced, and the abundance was calculated. The rats’ serum uric acid (SUA) level was assayed, and the rats’ intake and output in 24 h were recorded. The bacterial diversity in three groups’ fresh stool was analyzed. The gut bacterial diversity and abundance changed in the Kunming-DY rats. More than 99% of bacteria were inhibited or killed by the combination of antibiotics. In contrast to each of the antibiotics alone, the combination of antibiotics lowered the Kunming-DY rats’ SUA level; it also caused mild diarrhea, which increased uric acid excretion through stool. These results suggested that the aboriginal gut bacteria in uricase-deficient rats play a minor role in determining the SUA levels. It is too early to conclude that aboriginal gut bacteria are a tempting target for lowering SUA levels.

scholarly journals Safety Profile for Evaluation of Berberine in Sprague- Dawley Rats: Effects on Renal, Liver and Myelopoietic Functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attia Anwar ◽  
Sajida Malik ◽  
Zobia Usman ◽  
Sadia Chiragh
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Berberine Hydrochloride ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The study was designed to investigate the effect of berberine toxicity on liver enzymes, renal function, serum uric acid and blood cell counts of Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in two groups. Group A (n=10) was given distilled water and Group B (n=10) wassupplemented berberine hydrochloride with dose of 75 mg/kg body weight/day. 24 weeks post-treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from both groups and tested for Hb (%), WBC, RBC and platelet counts, SGPT, alkaline phosphatse, serum uric acid, blood urea and serum creatinine. All thenumerical data were expressed as mean± SD. The values in two groups were analyzed with help of unpaired t-test. A p-value ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. After 24 weeks of treatment with berberine hydrochloride, no significant differences were observed in Hb%, platelet count, liver enzymes and RFTs between twogroups. There was a significant increase in RBC count and reduction in serum uric acid and WBC count in experimental group as compared to control group. There were no significant untoward effects of berberine on platelet count, LFTs and RFTs of Spargue-Dawley rats except neutropenia.

scholarly journals Effects of Tart Cherry Powder on Serum Uric Acid in Hyperuricemia Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ruirui Li ◽  
Yuefeng Tan ◽  
Yanxia Li ◽  
Xia Zhu ◽  
Xinyao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tart Cherry ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Hyperuricemia, as a critical risk factor for various adverse clinical outcomes, shows a trend of increasing prevalence among young-aged population. Dietary adjuvant therapy by function foods, such as tart cherry, is promising. Thus, effects of tart cherry powder specialized in hyperuricemia were explored via establishing a hyperuricemia model in Sprague Dawley rats by cotreatment with oteracil potassium and adenine. The results indicated that low dose of tart cherry powder (0.17 g/kg·bw) showed effects on hyperuricemia by slightly decreasing serum uric acid and improving kidney injury, whereas high dose of tart cherry powder (0.50 g/kg·bw) could merely alleviate kidney injury. Meanwhile, adenosine deaminase activity rather than xanthine oxidase activity was affected at low dose, which reveals low dose of tarty cherry powder may be beneficial to hyperuricemia through reduction of ADA activity, and its reported potentials on antioxidation or anti-inflammation provide clues for further study.

scholarly journals Influence of AT1 blockers on obesity and stress-induced eating of cafeteria diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Gustaityte ◽  
Martina Winkler ◽  
Ines Stölting ◽  
Walter Raasch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
At1 Blockers ◽  
A Minor

Based on findings that treatment with AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) prevents diet-induced obesity and that the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is stimulated by AngII and blocked by ARBs, we aimed to investigate whether ARB treatment can reduce stress-induced eating of cafeteria diet (CD), thus contributing to alterations in eating behavior. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with chow or CD and treated with telmisartan (TEL, 8 mg/kg/day) or vehicle. At weeks 2 and 12, rats were stressed over five consecutive days by restraint stress (RS, 4 h) and by additional shaking at d5. Tail blood was sampled during RS to determine hormone levels. During the first period of RS, ACTH and corticosterone responses were diminished at d5 in CD- compared to chow-fed rats. Independently of feeding, TEL did not reduce stress hormones. Compared to food behavior before RS, the stress-induced CD eating increased in controls but remained unchanged in TEL-treated rats. After 12 weeks, TEL reduced weight gain and energy intake, particularly in CD-fed rats. Similar to the first RS period, corticosterone response was reduced in CD-fed rats at d5 during the second RS period. TEL did not further reduce stress hormones and did not lessen the CD eating upon RS. We conclude that CD feeding compensates for stress reactions. However, stress-induced CD eating was only reduced by TEL after short term, but not after long-term drug treatment. Thus, the potency of ARBs to lower HPA activity only plays a minor role in reducing energy intake to prevent obesity.

scholarly journals Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of chronic mild hyperuricemia in rodents

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044
Author(s):  
Sun K Park ◽  
Tara R Rosenthal ◽  
Jessica S Williams ◽  
John M Shelton ◽  
Masaya Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor

Mildly elevated serum uric acid levels are common in people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but whether elevated uric acid has a causal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes remains uncertain. We tested whether chronic mild hyperuricemia in rodents under controlled laboratory conditions can cause glucose intolerance in otherwise healthy animals, or whether it can worsen glucometabolic control in animals that are genetically predisposed to T2DM. We used an established model of experimental hyperuricemia in rodents with potassium oxonate dietary supplementation, which led to sustained, approximately two-fold elevation of uric acid compared with control animals. We also reversed the hyperuricemic effect of oxonate in some animals by treatment with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Manipulation of serum uric acid levels in Sprague-Dawley rats for up to 18 weeks did not affect fasting glucose and glucose tolerance. Blood pressure was also not affected by hyperuricemia in rats fed a Western-type diet. We next sought to determine whether uric acid may aggravate or accelerate the onset of glucometabolic abnormalities in rats already predisposed to T2DM. Chronic oxonate treatment in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean control rats for up to 6 weeks did not affect fasting glucose, insulin, and glucose tolerance in ZDF rats. Taken together, these findings indicate that elevated uric acid does not directly contribute to the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance and T2DM in rodents.

Serum uric acid and obesity in Hawaiians

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

Serum uric acid, cholesterol, and cortisol levels: Interrelationships in normal men under stress.

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Rubin ◽  
Richard H. Rahe ◽  
Brian R. Clark ◽  
Ransom J. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Normal Men

Use of Different Tissue Thromboplastins in the Control of Anticoagulant-Therapy

1958 ◽  
Vol 02 (05/06) ◽  
pp. 462-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Verstraete ◽  
Patricia A. Clark ◽  
Irving S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor

SummaryAn analysis of the results of prothrombin time tests with different types of thromboplastins sheds some light on the problem why the administration of coumarin is difficult to standardize in different centers. Our present ideas on the subject, based on experimental data may be summarized as follows.Several factors of the clotting mechanism are influenced by coumarin derivatives. The action of some of these factors is by-passed in the 1-stage prothrombin time test. The decrease of the prothrombin and factor VII levels may be evaluated in the 1-stage prothrombin time determination (Quick-test). The prolongation of the prothrombin times are, however, predominantly due to the decrease of factor VII activity, the prothrombin content remaining around 50 per cent of normal during an adequate anticoagulant therapy. It is unlikely that this degree of depression of prothrombin is of major significance in interfering with the coagulation mechanism in the protection against thromboembolism. It may, however, play a minor role, which has yet to be evaluated quantitatively. An exact evaluation of factor VII is, therefore, important for the guidance of anticoagulant therapy and the method of choice is the one which is most sensitive to changes in factor VII concentration. The 1-stage prothrombin time test with a rabbit lung thromboplastin seems the most suitable method because rabbit brain preparations exhibit a factor VII-like activity that is not present in rabbit lung preparations.

Produktivkraft als Versprechen

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (185) ◽  
pp. 621-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Siefkes
Keyword(s):  
Private Consumption ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
A Minor

The ‘Fragment on Machines’ from Marx’s Grundrisse is often cited as an argument that the internal forces of capitalism will lead to its doom. But the argument that the progressive reduction of labor must doom capitalism lacks a proper foundation, as a comparison with the ‘Schemes of Reproduction’ given in Capital II shows. The latter, however, aren’t fully convincing either. In reality, more depends on the private consumption of capitalists than either model recognizes. Ultimately, most can be made of the ‘Fragment on Machines’ by reading it not as an exposure of capitalism’s internal contractions, but as a discussion of a possible communist future where labor (or work) will play but a minor role.

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