scholarly journals An Approach to Modeling and Analyzing Reliability for Microservice-Oriented Cloud Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Guisheng Fan ◽  
Huiqun Yu ◽  
Liqiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
User Request ◽  
Cloud Application ◽  
Cloud Applications ◽  
Microservice Architecture

Microservice architecture is a cloud-native architectural style, which has attracted extensive attention from the scientific research and industry communities to benefit independent development and deployment. However, due to the complexity of cloud-based platforms, the design of fault-tolerant strategies for microservice-oriented cloud applications becomes challenging. In order to improve the quality of service, it is essential to focus on the microservice with more criticality and maximize the reliability of the entire cloud application. This paper studies the modeling and analysis of service reliability in the cloud environment. Firstly, a formal description language is defined to model microservice, user request, and container accurately. Secondly, the reliability analysis is conducted to measure a critical microservice’s fluctuation and vibration attributes within a period, and the related properties of the constructed model are analyzed. Thirdly, a fault-tolerant strategy with redundancy operation has been proposed to optimize cloud application reliability. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments. The simulation results show that the algorithm obtains the maximum benefits and has high performance through several experiments.

Formally Modeling and Analyzing the Reliability of Cloud Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guisheng Fan ◽  
Huiqun Yu ◽  
Liqiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Operational Semantics ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Cloud Application ◽  
Cloud Applications

Cloud computing has become an important, useful paradigm for building applications with cloud services. However, cloud services exist in heterogeneous environments on the Internet. It is challenging to guarantee the reliability of cloud applications. Although there are efforts studying cloud and grid service reliability, very few have considered the modeling and analysis of the reliability of cloud applications. To address this emerging, important problem, we propose the first systematic approach that considers both cloud application elements and their running environment so as to faithfully model the dynamics of cloud computing. First, we present a formal description language to model the different components of a cloud application, and use it to analyze the static and dynamic factors affecting the reliability of cloud applications. Second, we propose reliability assurance strategies to ensure that cloud applications dynamically meet their required reliability. Third, Computation Tree Logic (CTL) is used to convert the reliability assurance strategy into the CTL formulas. We present operational semantics and related theories of Petri nets for establishing the correctness of our proposed method. Finally, a series of simulations are performed to evaluate the efficiency of our proposed approach.

scholarly journals Model-Based Cloud Service Deployment Optimisation Method For Minimisation of Application Service Operational Cost

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Stupar ◽  
Darko Huljenić
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Cloud Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Service Deployment ◽  
Cloud Applications

Abstract Many of the currently existing solutions for cloud cost optimisation are aimed at cloud infrastructure providers, and they often deal only with specific types of application services, leaving the providers of cloud applications without the suitable cost optimization solution, especially concerning the wide range of different application types. In this paper, we present an approach that aims to provide an optimisation solution for the providers of applications hosted in the cloud environments, applicable at the early phase of a cloud application lifecycle and for a wide range of application services. The focus of this research is development of the method for identifying optimised service deployment option in available cloud environments based on the model of the service and its context, with the aim of minimising the operational cost of the cloud service, while fulfilling the requirements defined by the service level agreement. A cloud application context metamodel is proposed that includes parameters related to both the application service and the cloud infrastructure relevant for the cost and quality of service. By using the proposed optimisation method, the knowledge is gained about the effects that the cloud application context parameters have on the service cost and quality of service, which is then used to determine the optimised service deployment option. The service models are validated using cloud application services deployed in laboratory conditions, and the optimisation method is validated using the simulations based on proposed cloud application context metamodel. The experimental results based on two cloud application services demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to provide relevant information about the impact of cloud application context parameters on service cost and quality of service, and use this information in the optimisation aimed at reducing service operational cost while preserving the acceptable service quality level. The results indicate the applicability and relevance of the proposed approach for cloud applications in the early service lifecycle phase since application providers can gain useful insights regarding service deployment decision without acquiring extensive datasets for the analysis.

Data Consistency Research of the Cloud Storage Environment Based on P2P Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 2589-2592
Author(s):  
Jun Wei Ge ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Yi Qiu Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Data Consistency ◽  
Service Reliability ◽  
Cloud Storage Environment ◽  
P2p Technology ◽  
Server Architecture

Many of the characteristics of P2P technology such as decentralization, scalability, robustness, high performance and load balancing are in line with the cloud storage design requirements. In this article, it proposesd a cloud storage model based on P2P technology. This model uses multivariate data server architecture, which can effectively solve the bottleneck problem of centralized cloud storage system. Thereby increasing the cloud storage system performance and the quality of cloud storage services, enhance service reliability. In this article, through researching data consistency algorithm named Paxos and the model systems metadata consistency problem, we improve and optimize Basic Paxos making it applied in the model system.

Rapid Development of Service-based Cloud Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Fotis Gonidis ◽  
Iraklis Paraskakis ◽  
Anthony J. H. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Cloud Application ◽  
Multiple Platform ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Cloud Applications

Cloud application platforms gain popularity and have the potential to alter the way service-based cloud applications are developed involving utilisation of platform basic services. A platform basic service provides certain functionality and is usually offered via a web API. However, the diversification of the services and the available providers increase the challenge for the application developers to integrate them and deal with the heterogeneous providers' web APIs. Therefore, a new approach of developing applications should be adopted in which developers leverage multiple platform basic services independently from the target application platforms. To this end, the authors present a development framework assisting the design of service-based cloud applications. The objective of the framework is to enable the consistent integration of the services, and to allow the seamless use of the concrete providers. The optimal service provider each time can vary depending on criteria such as pricing, quality of service and can be determined based upon Big Data analysis approaches.

scholarly journals Evaluating Service-Oriented and Microservice Architecture Patterns to Deploy eHealth Applications in Cloud Computing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4350
Author(s):  
Huriviades Calderón-Gómez ◽  
Luis Mendoza-Pittí ◽  
Miguel Vargas-Lombardo ◽  
José Manuel Gómez-Pulido ◽  
Diego Rodríguez-Puyol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Microservice Architecture

This article proposes a new framework for a Cloud-based eHealth platform concept focused on Cloud computing environments, since current and emerging approaches using digital clinical history increasingly demonstrate their potential in maintaining the quality of the benefits in medical care services, especially in computer-assisted clinical diagnosis within the field of infectious diseases and due to the worsening of chronic pathologies. Our objective is to evaluate and contrast the performance of the architectural patterns most commonly used for developing eHealth applications (i.e., service-oriented architecture (SOA) and microservices architecture (MSA)), using as reference the quantitative values obtained from the various performance tests and their ability to adapt to the required software attribute (i.e., versatile high-performance). Therefore, it was necessary to modify our platform to fit two architectural variants. As a follow-up to this activity, corresponding tests were performed that showed that the MSA variant functions better in terms of performance and response time compared to the SOA variant; however, it consumed significantly more bandwidth than SOA, and scalability in SOA is generally not possible or requires significant effort to be achieved. We conclude that the implementation of SOA and MSA depends on the nature and needs of organizations (e.g., performance or interoperability).

Rapid Development of Service-Based Cloud Applications

Big Data ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 392-417
Author(s):  
Fotis Gonidis ◽  
Iraklis Paraskakis ◽  
Anthony J. H. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Cloud Application ◽  
Multiple Platform ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Cloud Applications

Cloud application platforms gain popularity and have the potential to alter the way service-based cloud applications are developed involving utilisation of platform basic services. A platform basic service provides certain functionality and is usually offered via a web API. However, the diversification of the services and the available providers increase the challenge for the application developers to integrate them and deal with the heterogeneous providers' web APIs. Therefore, a new approach of developing applications should be adopted in which developers leverage multiple platform basic services independently from the target application platforms. To this end, the authors present a development framework assisting the design of service-based cloud applications. The objective of the framework is to enable the consistent integration of the services, and to allow the seamless use of the concrete providers. The optimal service provider each time can vary depending on criteria such as pricing, quality of service and can be determined based upon Big Data analysis approaches.

scholarly journals IAAS Reactive Auto Scaling Performance Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 538-541
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Cloud Application ◽  
Performance Challenges ◽  
Auto Scaling ◽  
Cloud Applications

The principle highlight of a cloud application is its versatility. Significant IaaS cloud administrations suppliers (CSP) utilize auto scaling on the dimension of virtual machines (VM). Other virtualization arrangements (for example compartments, units) can likewise scale. An application scales in light of progress in watched measurements, for example in CPU use. Every so often, cloud applications display the powerlessness to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) necessities during the scaling brought about by the reactivity of auto scaling arrangements. This paper gives the after effects of the auto scaling execution assessment for two-layered virtualization (VMs and units) directed in the open billows of AWS, Microsoft and Google utilizing the methodology and the Auto scaling Performance Estimation Tool created by the creators

THE EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHODS ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF AFRICAN BREADFRUITS (TRECULIA AFRICANA) SEEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Nwozo Sarah Onyenibe ◽  
Julius Oluwaseun Oluwafunmilola ◽  
Stanley Udogadi Nwawuba
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
African Breadfruit

The extracted seeds of African breadfruit are identified to be extremely healthy whenever it is correctly processed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of processing methods on the nutritional quality of African breadfruit seed. A qualitative phytochemical analysis including: Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Saponin, Tannin, Anthraquinone, Terpenoids, Steroid, and Cardiac Glycosides for the different fraction of African breadfruit seed was performed using a standard method. The result revealed the presence and greater amount of phytochemical for the raw fraction; seven in eight, six in eight for steamed fraction, and four in eight for boiled and roasted respectively. Anti-nutrient, Proximate, and Mineral Content were also conducted using standard methods. The amino acid composition was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results of the present study revealed that anti-nutrients including Phytate, Tannins, and Oxalate were significantly p<0.05 reduced in the boiled fraction 5.47±0.15, 3.42±0.02 and 6.89±0.05, and highest in the raw fraction 7.77±0.01, 5.09±0.03 and 9.34±0.14. The proximate composition including; percentage crude fat, Ash, Carbohydrate, Fatty acid, and Energy value were significantly lower p<0.05 in the boiled fraction relative to the other fractions. Mineral contents; calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus were also significantly p<0.05 elevated in the boiled fraction relative to the raw, steamed, and roasted fraction. The amino acid composition was highest in the roasted and boiled fraction 57.350 and 56.978, and lowest in the steamed and raw fraction 35.754 and 28.748 respectively. Therefore, boiling (cooking) is encouraged for the preparation of African breadfruit seed.

scholarly journals Development and application of a spectrophotometric method in quality evaluation of benzimidazole anthelminthics in Nairobi city county

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnson K. Murage ◽  
Beatrice K. Amugune ◽  
Peter Njogu ◽  
Stanley Ndwigah
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Market Surveillance

Abstract Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of communicable diseases which are prevalent in the tropics affecting more than one billion people. Treatment and prevention of these infections is very costly to developing economies. Helminthiases are classified among NTDs. The communities afflicted are poor and have limited access to essential resources for their livelihood. Poor-quality drugs for NTDs may lead to death or prolonged treatment without achieving the desired results. The limited resources used in purchasing poor-quality drugs will therefore be wasted instead of being put to good use. Most of the methods available for the analysis of benzimidazole anthelminthics utilize high-performance liquid chromatography. They are therefore time consuming, require sophisticated and expensive equipment, utilize rare and expensive reagents and solvents, and call for skilled personnel. A simple, rapid, and inexpensive ultraviolet spectrophotometric method of analysis would therefore come in handy especially in the analysis of many samples as occurs during post-authorization market surveillance for quality. Results The suitable solvent for the spectroscopic analysis was established as 0.1 M methanolic HCl. The wavelength of analysis was set at 294 nm. Upon validation, the method was found to have good linearity. The range over which linearity was established was way beyond the 80 to 120% of the working concentration specified by the ICH. The method exhibited good precision. Out of 32 commercial samples analyzed, five (15.6%) did not comply with compendial specifications. Intra-brand batch variation was also observed. Out of three batches of product A002T analyzed, one did not comply with compendial specifications. Conclusion A major limitation in the analysis of benzimidazole anthelminthics is the lack of reliable, simple, rapid, and low-cost methods of analysis with high throughput. The developed method serves to fill this gap. It can be used in the analysis of raw materials and finished products. It can also be used in the establishment of the quality of products prior to registration. The method will prove very useful in post-market surveillance of quality of benzimidazole anthelminthics.

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