scholarly journals Core Prescribing Indicators and the Most Commonly Prescribed Medicines in a Tertiary Health Care Setting in a Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Priyadarshani Galappatthy ◽  
Priyanga Ranasinghe ◽  
Chiranthi K. Liyanage ◽  
Maheshi Wijayabandara ◽  
Dinuka S. Warapitiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Rational Prescribing ◽  
Prescribed Medicines

Irrational prescribing is common, especially in developing countries. It is important to identify the magnitude of irrational use, to take necessary steps to promote rational prescribing. We identified core prescribing indicators and commonly prescribed medicines at ward settings (IW) and outpatients’ clinics (OPC) in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at IW and OPC settings. Prescriptions were obtained from 5 major specialties (Clinical Medicine (CM), Gynaecology and Obstetrics (GO), Paediatrics, Psychiatry, and Surgery). The WHO core prescribing indicators were used to describe the pattern of prescribing, and the most commonly prescribed medicines were identified. A total of 1,318 prescriptions were analyzed. The five most commonly prescribed medicines were paracetamol (31.0%), omeprazole (20.6%), folic acid (18.3%), atorvastatin (16.2%), and salbutamol (15.3%). The average number of medicines per encounter was 4.8 ± 3.6 (IW: 5.7 ± 4; OPC: 3.8 ± 2.8; p < 0.001 ), with the highest IW (7.8 ± 4.2) and OPC (7.8 ± 2.7) values were from CM, being significantly higher than all other disciplines ( p < 0.05 ). Percentage encounters with an antibiotic or an injection was 26.4% and 30.1%, respectively, with IW being significantly higher than OPC ( p < 0.001 ). Percentage of medicines prescribed by generic name and from the essential medicine list (EML) was 90.1% and 91.1%, respectively, with no significant IW and OPC difference. In conclusion, a high degree of polypharmacy was noted. The use of injectable medicines, prescribing from the EML, and generic name prescribing was satisfactory; however, overall rational prescribing needs further improvement. Further investigation into the degree of rational prescribing associating it with clinical information will be important.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drug Use Patterns of Out Patient Attendees in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Dermatology and Venereology Department as a Tool to Promote Rational Prescribing

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Nushrat Noor ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Afsan ◽  
Hafiza Akhter ◽  
Farhana Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Indicators

Background: Drug utilization studies are pre requisite for the formulation of drug policies. They offer useful methods for teaching and training in drug therapy and also identify the problems that arise from drug usage in healthcare delivery system and highlight the current approaches to the rational use of medicines. Objectives: The main objective of the prescription audit or evaluation was to measures for improving the prescription practices and to generate information on the core prescribing indicators proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Methods: This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study. The study was conducted in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Dermatology & Venereology in a tertiary care private hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh in between January and March’2012. A total of 300 prescriptions were obtained with the help of a pre-inserted carbon paper in a special format using WHO core prescribing indicators. Results: The average number of drugs per encounter was 3.8 and no single drug was prescribed by generic name. Use of antibiotic (56% of encounters) was frequent, but injection use (2.67% of encounters) was within the recommendation of WHO. The use of fixed drug combinations (FDCs) was 15.28% of prescribed drugs. Only 22.08% drugs were prescribed from national essential medicine list. Conclusion: The findings from the current study showed a trend towards inappropriate prescribing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v4i1.21158 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (1): 04-09

scholarly journals PRESCRIPTION AUDITING BASED ON THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) PRESCRIBING INDICATORS IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KERALA

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
DHANYA T H ◽  
SANALKUMAR K B ◽  
ANDREWS M A
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Indicators

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of major drug groups prescribed, assess the Rational Prescription pattern by measuring the WHO Core Prescribing Indicators and to assess the quality of the prescriptions by assessing the legibility of prescription in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study done in hospital pharmacy for a period of 6 months. Approval from Institutional Research Committee and Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before starting the study. Sample size was taken as 1020. Results: One hundred and twenty prescriptions were analyzed. About 49% prescriptions were of males and 54% of females. Mean age of the patients were 46 years. A total of 3557 medicines were prescribed in 1020 prescriptions. Due to lack of legibility, we were unable to decode 122 medicines out of 3557 medicines prescribed. The dosage forms prescribed were; oral 87.4%, injections 1.4%, inhalational agents 0.4%, and topical agents 10.8%. Average number of medicines per prescription was 3.5. Percentage of medicines prescribed by generic name was 45%. Percentage of antibiotics per prescription was 24.8%. Percentage of injections per prescription was 4.8%. Percentage of medicines prescribed as per NATIONAL essential drugs list (EDL) was 3.2% and as per the WHO EDL was 2.6%. Percentage of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) was 6.5%. Conclusion: It was evident that polypharmacy was present as indicated by the average number of medicines prescribed. Medicines prescribed by generic name and from Essential Medicine List were less in number. Antibiotics and injections prescribed was in conformity with the WHO recommended values, which means that there was no irrational use of antibiotics and unwanted use of injectables. Percentage of FDCs was 6.5%. Most commonly prescribed drug was Ranitidine as per our study. Hence, as per this study, prescribers did not follow prescribing core indicators of the WHO closely, except for two indicators. The quality of prescriptions with respect to legibility and clarity was found to be optimal.

Prevalence and determinants of depression in females with primary infertility.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 372-376
Author(s):  
Sundus Fatima ◽  
Zaidan Idrees Choudhary ◽  
Nariman Haider ◽  
Fareed Aslam Minhas ◽  
Sadia Yasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Infertility

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of depression in females with primary infertility at a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi and identify the factors associated with the condition. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Infertility Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gyanecology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: February to August 2016. Material & Methods: Females between the ages of 18 and 40 years with primary infertility were included in the study. The presence and severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Socio-demographic details and clinical information was collected on a pre-designed proforma. Results: A total of 102 females were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 31 years with a STD of ± 4.3 years. 78.4% (n=80) patients were suffering from depression on the basis of HAM-D scores. 18 (17.6%) had mild depression, 34 (33.3%) had moderate depression, 20 (19.6%) had severe depression and 8 (7.8%) patients had very severe depression. An analysis of the socio-demographic factors showed that a majority of the females were educated, housewives and living in extended families. The frequency of depression was significantly associated with a low monthly household income (p=0.046). Conclusion: A high proportion of females with primary infertility suffer from depression. Screening for psychiatric illnesses should be part of the standard evaluation of these patients. Early detection and timely psychological intervention can lead to a significant reduction in long-term morbidity.

scholarly journals The Resurgence of Measles Infection and its Associated Complications in Early Childhood at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ILYAS ◽  
SUMERA AFZAL ◽  
JAMSHAID AHMAD ◽  
SAAD ALGHAMDI ◽  
MUHAMMAD KHURRAM
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northwestern Region

Measles infection is of substantial interest to immunologists due to its paradoxical interaction with the immune system. After the acquisition of the measles infection, secondary infection plays a pivotal role in measles-related deaths. A cross-sectional study conducted between December 2018 and July 2019 is presented here. A total of one hundred children of both genders presented with measles complications were included following WHO criteria. Measles confirmation was done by quantitative determination of anti-measles antibodies (IgM) in patients’ sera while patient-related demographic data, vaccination status, and other clinical information were obtained on a separate form. The number of female patients (52%) slightly exceeded the number of males (48%). 43% of patients’ parents were illiterate, and half of the patients (50%) were from a poor background. The majority of children (76%) who presented with the complications did not receive a measles vaccine. 56% of children were breastfed while 58% received vitamin A supplements but developed complications. The elevated levels of anti-measles IgM were observed in 77% of cases. In both genders, the major complications were pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), acute diarrhea, diarrhea and LRTI, pneumonia and diarrhea, otitis media and pneumonia, myocarditis and LRTI, and pneumothorax. The majority of the infected children (n = 48) under 12 months of age had associated complications. It has been observed that the measles virus strikes early age children in the northwestern region of Pakistan, which is an alarming situation and is associated with the aforementioned complications, especially in unvaccinated children. Anti-measles IgM is an important serological parameter for early diagnosis of measles infection.

PERCEPTION OF QUALIFIED MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS TOWARD PRESCRIBING IN INTERNATIONAL NON-PROPRIETARY (GENERIC) NAMES – AN OBSERVATIONAL, CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
MANAB NANDY ◽  
KUSHAL BANERJEE ◽  
INDRANIL BISWAS ◽  
KAJORI NANDY ◽  
SOUVIK MAJUMDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Study Questionnaire

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the perception and practice of medical practitioners, working in tertiary care, and teaching institutions in Eastern India, regarding the use of generic (non-proprietary) names while prescribing. The study tried to assess their perception toward using drugs from the National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM), as well. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. Medical practitioners attached to the institution were considered for the study and those who gave voluntarily consent were included. Hundred participants were interviewed based on convenient random sampling. They were provided with the study questionnaire and the responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 using charts and tables. Results: Majority (43/100) did not feel that generic medicines are as effective as reputed brands, while 32 felt they are of equally effective. About 45% (45/99) felt generics to be equally safe as and 24% (24/99) did not feel so. About 86% considered generics to be cheaper. About 56% did not prefer to substitute with generics in all conditions. About 73% had doubts regarding the quality of production of generics. The decision to use generics was mostly influenced by the lower cost (73%) and by administrative pressure (53%). About 58% felt that the NLEM does not contain all the medicines they would require in practice. About 94% agreed to prescribe more in generics if the quality may be ensured. Conclusion: Awareness of the NLEM and about generics needs to be improved. Authorities need to ensure the quality of generics and assure the prescribers about it.

Confidence toward vaccination as reported by parents of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Vacunas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. AlGoraini ◽  
N.N. AlDujayn ◽  
M.A. AlRasheed ◽  
Y.E. Bashawri ◽  
S.S. Alsubaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

A Study on prescribing pattern of drugs in orthopaedic in-patient department at a tertiary care hospital in Guntur region

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Anjani Teja Ch ◽  
Ramesh babu K ◽  
Leela subramanyam S ◽  
Janani Y ◽  
Eswar Sai Kiran K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Bed Days

The descriptive observational study was conducted over six months among inpatients of the orthopaedics department. The aim is to observe the prescribing pattern of drugs, to find out the percentage of analgesics given and most commonly prescribed analgesic, to compare the prescribed drugs whether they are in NLEM, WHO list and calculate DDD/100 Bed-days and to analyze the drugs for WHO prescribing drugs. A total of 250 patients were included in the study. Out of this, 168 were male, and 82 were female. Most of the patients were in the age group of 31-40[45 in number with 18%]. The most common condition was found to fracture [113 in number with 95.2%]. Commonly prescribed drugs were analgesics 447 with 26.76%. Among all the NSAID's, PCM was most commonly prescribed analgesic with 34.4%. The highest no, of drugs was found to be 4drugs/prescription with 24%. Monthly one analgesic was prescribed per prescription with 38.8%. Utilization of analgesics in term of DDD/100 Bed-days was 55.26; Drugs will be evaluated per prescription as per prescribing indicators of WHO was done, the average no. of drugs per prescription was found to be 0.45, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was found to be 13.3%, percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed were found to be 94.4%, In ratio percentage of drugs prescribed from the national list of essential medicine was found to be 92.6%. This study would help to facilitate better health care delivery.

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