scholarly journals Effect of Cognitive Function on Balance and Posture Control after Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hui-xian Yu ◽  
Zhao-xia Wang ◽  
Chang-bin Liu ◽  
Pei Dai ◽  
Yue Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Posture Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Balance Function ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Group 16 ◽  
Hemiplegic Gait

Hemiplegic gait is the most common sequela of stroke. Patients with hemiplegic gait are at a risk of falling because of poor balance. The theory of cognitive-motor networks paved the way for a new field of research. However, the mechanism of the relationship of cognition with gait or posture control networks is unclear because of the dynamic characteristics of walking and changing postures. To explore differences in the balance function and fall risk between patients with and without cognitive impairment after stroke, we utilized the Berg balance scale, Timed “Up and Go” test, and 10 m walking test. Patients were divided into two groups: the observation group (16 patients, female 6 and male 10), comprising patients with cognitive impairment after stroke, and the control group (16 patients, female 7 and male 9), comprising patients without cognitive impairment after stroke. We found that patients with cognitive impairment had worse balance function and a higher risk of falls. They needed a longer time to turn around or sit down. Our findings indicated that posture control in turning around and sitting down required more cognitive resources in daily life.

Effectiveness of balance training programme in reducing the frequency of falling in established osteoporotic women: a randomized controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibolya Mikó ◽  
Imre Szerb ◽  
Anna Szerb ◽  
Gyula Poor
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Objective: To investigate the effect of a 12-month sensomotor balance exercise programme on postural control and the frequency of falling in women with established osteoporosis. Design: Randomized controlled trial where the intervention group was assigned the 12-month Balance Training Programme and the control group did not undertake any intervention beyond regular osteoporosis treatment. Subjects: A total of 100 osteoporotic women – at least with one osteoporotic fracture – aged 65 years old and above. Main measures: Balance was assessed in static and dynamic posture both with performance-based measures of balance, such as the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Up and Go Test, and with a stabilometric computerized platform. Interventions: Patients in the intervention group completed the 12-month sensomotor Balance Training Programme in an outpatient setting, guided by physical therapists, three times a week, for 30 minutes. Results: The Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Up and Go Test showed a statistically significant improvement of balance in the intervention group ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Balance tests using the stabilometer also showed a statistically significant improvement in static and dynamic postural balance for osteoporotic women after the completion of the Balance Training Programme. As a consequence, the one-year exercise programme significantly decreased the number of falls in the exercise group compared with the control group. Conclusion: The Balance Training Programme significantly improved the balance parameters and reduced the number of falls in postmenopausal women who have already had at least one fracture in the past.

scholarly journals Balance a few years after total hip replacement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wareńczak ◽  
Przemysław Lisiński
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to conduct a long-term evaluation of whether total hip replacement permanently affects the quality of postural reactions and body balance. Material and methods: The unilateral Total Hip Replacement (THR) group consisted of 30 subjects (mean age: 69.4). The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects (mean age: 68.8). The force platform and functional tests such as Timed Up and Go, 3m walk test, Functional Reach Test, 30s Chair Stand Test, Step Test and Berg Balance Scale were used to assess dynamic balance. Results: Subjects from the study group exhibited significantly increased time (p=0.002) and distance (p=0.012) in the tests performed on the force platform compared to the control group. We also observed worse balance and functional test scores in the THR group: Timed Up and Go test (p<0.001), 3m walk test (p<0.001), Functional Reach Test (p=0.003), 30s Chair Stand Test (p=0.002) and Step Test (operated leg: p<0.001, non-operated leg: p=0.002). The results obtained in the Berg Balance Scale tests were not significantly different between the groups (p=0.597). Conclusions: Our research shows that total hip replacement permanently impairs patients’ dynamic balance and functionality in certain lower-extremity activities. Keywords: balance, total hip replacement, gait, muscle strength

scholarly journals Balance Strategy Exercise versus Lower Limb-ROM Exercise for Reducing the Risk of Falls among Older People

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Zakia Azkia ◽  
Rahmi Setiyani ◽  
Lita Heni Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Older People ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Balance Strategy

Background: Falls are a significant health problem and the most common cause of injuries in older people. Different types of exercise have been recommended to prevent falls, including balance exercise and range of motion. However, there is a lack of evidence to compare the effect of the two exercises.Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effect of Balance Strategy Exercise (BSE) and Lower Limb-Range of Motion (ROM) exercise on reducing the risk of falls among older people living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using a pre-post design without a control group. A total of 30 older adults from two nursing homes who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in the study. A cluster randomization technique was used to assign the older people into either BSE or Lower-Limb ROM groups evenly. Treatment was given for 30 minutes per session, three sessions per week for three weeks. The risk of falls was measured using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed significant differences in the TUG scores before and after the intervention within both the BSE (p=0.001) and the Lower Limb-ROM group (p=0.001). However, the Lower Limb-ROM group demonstrated a significantly higher reduction in TUG score than the BSE group after the intervention (p=0.008).Conclusion: Lower Limb-ROM exercise is better to reduce the risk of falls among older people living in institutional care than BSE. This exercise can be applied as part of a fall prevention program in nursing homes.

Effectiveness of acupuncture vs. core stability training in balance and functional capacity of women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa María Garrido-Ardila ◽  
María Victoria González-López-Arza ◽  
Maria Jiménez-Palomares ◽  
Agustín García-Nogales ◽  
Juan Rodríguez-Mansilla
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Physiotherapy Programme ◽  
And Control

Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of a core stability training physiotherapy programme vs. acupuncture for the management of balance and functional capacity impairments of women with Fibromyalgia. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatients setting. Subjects: Women with Fibromyalgia and balance impairment. Interventions: Participants were randomized to a core stability physiotherapy programme group ( n = 45), acupuncture treatment group ( n = 45) and control group ( n = 45) for 13 weeks. Main Measures: Measures were taken at baseline (week 0), postintervention (week 6) and follow-up (week 13). The primary outcome measures were static balance (posturography) and dynamic balance and functional mobility (Berg Balance Scale, timed up and go test and 10-m walk). The secondary outcome measure was functional capacity (Fibromyalgia Health Assessment Questionnaire and the physical function item from the Spanish Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire). Results: In all, 103 participants completed the study. The results showed statistically significant improvements in the acupuncture and physiotherapy groups vs. the control group at week 6 regarding Berg Balance Scale ( P = 0.00, both groups), timed up and go test ( P = 0.00 and P = 0.01, respectively) and 10-m walk test at comfortable speed ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). The 10-m walk test at maximum speed showed significance when comparing the physiotherapy and control group ( P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were found between the physiotherapy and the acupuncture groups. In relation to functional capacity, the improvements achieved after the treatments were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Core stability-based physiotherapy and acupuncture improve dynamic balance and postural control in women with Fibromyalgia.

scholarly journals Assessment of balance in mild and moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease: implications on falls and functional capacity

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2a) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Mayumi Kato-Narita ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini ◽  
Marcia Radanovic
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disability Assessment ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Balance Scale

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between balance, falls and loss of functional capacity in mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease(AD). METHOD: 40 subjects without cognitive impairment (control group) and 48 AD patients (25 mild, 23 moderate) were evaluated with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD). Subjects answered a questionnaire about falls occurrence in the last twelve months. RESULTS: Moderate AD patients showed poorer balance (p=0.001) and functional capacity (p <0.0001) and it was observed a correlation between falls and balance (r= -0.613; p=0.045). CONCLUSION: There is a decline of balance related to AD which is a factor associated to the occurrence of falls, albeit not the most relevant one. The loss of functional capacity is associated with the disease's progress but not to a higher occurrence of falls. The balance impairment did not correlate with functional decline in AD patients.

scholarly journals Long-Term Multimodal Exercise Program Enhances Mobility of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pinto Pereira ◽  
Maria Dilailça Trigueiro de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Maria Joana Duarte Caetano ◽  
Rodrigo Vitório ◽  
Ellen Lirani-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a long-period multimodal exercise program on balance, mobility and clinical status of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods. Thirty-three PD patients were assigned into two groups: a training group (TG—n=22; aged 67.23±8.39 years) and a control group (CG—n=9; aged 71.56±8.50 years). The TG patients were enrolled in a 6-month multimodal exercise program. This program was designed to improve physical capacity components and to reduce PD impairments. Balance and mobility were assessed immediately before and after the training protocol using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the “Timed up and go” (TUG), and the Posture Locomotion Test (PLM). Also, clinical variables were assessed (disease stage and impairments). Results. The TG showed an improvement in the TUG (P=0.006) while CG were not influenced by the 6-months period. Both groups showed no differences for BBS and PLM and for their disease impairments—assessed through the Unified Parkinson’s disease Scale. Conclusions. Long-term multimodal exercise programs are able to improve mobility of patients with Parkinson’s disease and therefore should be used on clinical day life.

scholarly journals Balance and Mobility as Predictors of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Helene Ursin ◽  
Astrid Bergland ◽  
Brynjar Fure ◽  
Audhild Tørstad ◽  
Arnljot Tveit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Ischaemic Attack

Background: The number of patients with cognitive impairment following stroke is increasing due to the rise in the number of stroke survivors. Health authorities highlight the need for prediction and early diagnostics. The aims of this study were to investigate if balance and mobility may predict cognitive impairment 1 year after stroke. Methods: The participants were patients with first-ever stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). The exclusion criteria were pre-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Measurements of balance comprised the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Figure of Eight test (Fig8). Mobility was measured by maximum walking speed and the Timed Up and Go test. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment were merged into a main outcome: cognitive impairment. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were performed. Results: One hundred and eighty subjects performed balance and mobility measures at baseline, and 158 participated in the follow-up; 13 died and 9 did not complete the follow-up. Two variables made a significant contribution in the adjusted analyses (Fig8, BBS). The strongest predictor of cognitive impairment was Fig8 with an odds ratio of 1.06. Conclusion: The results of Fig8 and BBS measured in the acute phase of stroke were predictors of cognitive impairment 1 year later in this cohort of first-ever stroke or TIA.

Effects of mental practice strategies associated to physiotherapy on gait and risk of falls in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study of a randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Silva ◽  
L Silva ◽  
K Silva ◽  
S Silva ◽  
D Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Degenerative Disorder

Abstract Introduction Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder that interferes with the voluntary movements due to dysfunction of the basal ganglia and presenting with motor signals, such as the reduction of gait speed. This contributes to an increased risk of falls. In rehabilitation, mental practice (MP) has been shown to promote plastic modulation of neural circuits and improve motor learning, but the results of research with MP in PD are still ambiguous due to the diversity of intervention strategies. Objectives To compare the effects of MP strategies associated to physiotherapy in gait and risk of falls in PD patients. Methodology We performed a pilot study of a clinical randomized, single blind, trial, conducted in accordance with the consort checklist. Patients with idiopathic PD were included and allocated to four groups: Control group (CG); Group with mental practice guided by images (MPI); Group with mental practice guided by audio (MPA); group with mental practice without a guide (MPWG). The subjects of the experimental groups were submitted to 15 sessions of physiotherapy and mental practice, while the CG received only physiotherapy. The sessions were held 2 times per week, 40 minutes for physiotherapy and approximately 5-10 minutes for the corresponding mental practice protocol. Spatial-temporal parameters of gait were assessed with the 10 meters Walking Test (TC10m), and the risk of falls was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results The MPI group showed significant results for the parameters time (p = 0.027) and speed (p = 0.025) when compared with the results of the CG. No main effects for the group were observed concerning cadence and risk of falls had. Groups MPWG and MPA showed no significant results for the TC10m and TUG when compared with the CG. Conclusion The results of this pilot study suggest that MP guided by images associated to physical therapy was more effective to increase the gait speed than the alternative strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of a health promotion and fall prevention program in elderly individuals participating in interaction groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lays Cavallero Pagliosa ◽  
Alexandra Renosto
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Falls In Elderly

Introduction Falls in elderly people are an increasing public health problem resulting in high costs to health services. Thus, it is essential to invest in the development of actions and programs focused on decreasing such risks. Objective To verify the effects of a program of health promotion and prevention of falls in relation to balance and functional abilities in elderly people participating in interaction groups in Caxias do Sul City, RS State. Materials and methods For this purpose, 14 elderly people were selected for assessment and reassessment through the following instruments: the Barthel Index, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and a questionnaire to characterize the sample. Over the course of 2 months, group activities were conducted in a multi-sensory and proprioceptive circuit with a frequency of 2 times per week, totaling 14 meetings. Results The average age of participants was about 72 years old, mostly women (78.6%); 64.3% of them had experienced falls, and 92.9% had already practiced physical activities. After the intervention, there was an average increase of 9.14 points in the BBS (p = 0.000) and an average reduction of 4.4 seconds in gait speed on the TUG test (p = 0.000). Conclusion The application of the proposed program resulted in increasing balance and gait performance of the elderly, reducing the risk of falls.

The effect of foot orthoses on balance, foot function, and mobility in rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552199331
Author(s):  
Juliana Zonzini Gaino ◽  
Manoel Barros Bértolo ◽  
Caroline Silva Nunes ◽  
Cecília de Morais Barbosa ◽  
Síbila Floriano Landim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Balance Scale ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Foot Function

Objectives: To compare balance, foot function and mobility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with and without foot orthoses. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient rheumatology clinic. Subjects: A total of 94 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis were randomized; of these, 81 were included in the analyses (Intervention group: 40; Control group: 41). Intervention: The Intervention Group received custom-made foot orthoses while the Control Group received none intervention. Main measure: The “Foot Function Index,” the “Berg Balance Scale,” and the “Timed-up-and-go Test” were assessed at baseline an after four weeks. The chosen level of significance was P < 0.05. Results: Average (standard deviation) participant age was 56.7 (±10.6) years old and average disease duration (standard deviation) was 11.4 (± 7.2) years. Groups were similar at baseline, except for comorbidity index and race. After four weeks, significant interaction group versus time was observed for Foot Function Index (change: Intervention group: −1.23 ± 1.58; Control group: −0.12 ± 1.16 – P = 0.0012) and for Berg Balance Scale (change: Intervention group: 2 ± 3; Control group: 0 ± 3 – P = 0.0110), but not for the Timed-up-and-go Test (change: Intervention group: −1.34 ± 1.99; Control group: −0.84 ± 2.29 – P = 0.0799). Conclusion: Foot orthoses improved foot function and balance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

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