scholarly journals A Short Review on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Zeolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Tessema Derbe ◽  
Shewaye Temesgen ◽  
Mamaru Bitew
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Acidic Properties ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Hydrophilicity And Hydrophobicity ◽  
Uniform Pore Size

The review emphasizes on synthesis, characterization, and application of zeolite. Zeolite is a hydrated aluminosilicate having a tetrahedral structural framework; it contains channels and cages which are occupied by exchangeable active metal ions and water molecules. Zeolite was synthesized through different synthesis methods, particularly, hydrothermal and green synthesis methods. The review also has tried to address the structure of zeolite such as morphology, functional group, and particle size using different characterization methods as reported via different authors. The characterization results verify that zeolite shows many unique properties such as uniform pore size, acidic properties, thermal stability, mobile extra cation, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity. These lead to a number of applications in catalysis, water purification, adsorption, and agriculture.

Effects of Wet Chemical Oxidation on Surface Functionalization and Morphology of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Trought ◽  
Isobel Wentworth ◽  
Timothy Leftwich ◽  
Kathryn Perrine
Keyword(s):  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Surface Morphologies

The knowledge of chemical functionalization for area selective deposition (ASD) is crucial for designing the next generation heterogeneous catalysis. Surface functionalization by oxidation was studied on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The HOPG surface was exposed to with various concentrations of two different acids (HCl and HNO3). We show that exposure of the HOPG surface to the acid solutions produce primarily the same -OH functional group and also significant differences the surface topography. Mechanisms are suggested to explain these strikingly different surface morphologies after surface oxidation. This knowledge can be used to for ASD synthesis methods for future graphene-based technologies.

A first-principles study of the atomic layer deposition of ZnO on carboxyl functionalized carbon nanotubes: the role of water molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 3467-3478
Author(s):  
J. I. Paez-Ornelas ◽  
H. N. Fernández-Escamilla ◽  
H. A. Borbón-Nuñez ◽  
H. Tiznado ◽  
Noboru Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
The Right

Atomic description of ALD in systems that combine large surface area and high reactivity is key for selecting the right functional group to enhance the ligand-exchange reactions.

A water wire inL-prolyl-L-serine monohydrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Henrik Görbitz ◽  
Vitthal N. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Title Compound ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Packing Arrangement ◽  
Hydroxy Groups ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

Despite the extra functional group in the serine side chain, the crystal packing arrangement of the title compound {systematic name: (S)-3-hydroxy-2-[(S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido]propanoic acid monohydrate}, C8H14N2O4·H2O, is essentially the same as observed for a series of L-Pro-L-Nop peptide hydrates, where Nop is a strictly nonpolar residue. This is rendered possible by a monoclinicP21packing arrangement withZ′ = 2 that deviates from orthorhombicP212121symmetry only for the seryl hydroxy groups, which form infinite O—H...O—H hydrogen-bonded chains along the 5.3 Åaaxis. At the same time, cocrystallized water molecules form parallel water wires.

scholarly journals Graphene-Based Assemblies for Moist-Electric Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Chen ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Huhu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Conversion System ◽  
Energy Conversion System ◽  
Electric Generation ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Moisture is a ubiquitous and clean resource in nature, which continuously diffuses in the atmosphere and demonstrates huge chemical potential energy that is difficult to be utilized. Recently, the generation of power from interactions between graphene and gaseous water molecules in moisture has triggered great research interest that could provide a novel energy conversion system for our society. graphene-based assemblies have been considered as ideal platforms for moist-electric generation (MEG) in many studies, because of the abundant of functional groups, controllable microstructure and diverse macro morphologies. Therefore, in this short review, we will first state the preparation techniques of graphene-based assemblies for MEG. Then, the fundamental mechanisms of MEG are discussed and the latest advances on graphene MEG are reviewed. Finally, an overview of the current challenges and future development trends in graphene MEG is provided.

scholarly journals In- and ex situ PXRD studies of ZnO nanoparticle growth in sub-critical water

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1413-C1413
Author(s):  
Espen Bøjesen ◽  
Kirsten Jensen ◽  
Christoffer Tyrsted ◽  
Nina Lock ◽  
Mogens Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Situ Experiments

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a material of great scientific and industrial relevance and is used widely in a variety of applications. Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles can be performed by a wide range of methods resulting in a tremendous variety of sizes and shapes. Different in situ characterization methods have been used to investigate the ZnO formation under various synthesis conditions; these include numerous spectroscopic methods and small angle scattering. Common for these studies is that the primary focus has been to extract information on particle size and shape of ZnO, while a more rigorous microstructural and structural analysis has been lacking. Furthermore, the aforementioned studies have primarily been focused on soft chemical synthesis methods, at low temperatures and in non-aqueous media, thus omitting the widely used environmentally benign and versatile hydrothermal method. In the present work the formation of ZnO during hydrothermal synthesis has been followed using in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) combined with Rietveld refinement, thus enabling the extraction of crystallographic as well as microstructural information during the formation and growth of ZnO. Supporting ex situ syntheses and characterization by electron microcopy, high resolution PXRD and other techniques have been used to corroborate the findings from the in situ experiments. Mapping out a vast parameter space has led to a deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing the nucleation and growth of ZnO nanoparticles during hydrothermal synthesis. Among the parameters studied were the influence of temperature, type of base used and the influence of different ionic salts as synthesis directing agents. The various synthesis parameters were found to influence the following structural and microstructural features: crystallite shape, morphology and size as well as the twin-fault concentration, degree of doping and crystallinity.

Grafting of Amine functional group on silicate based material as adsorbent for water purification: A short review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3192-3203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred G.N. Wamba ◽  
Guillaume P. Kofa ◽  
Sylvere N. Koungou ◽  
Pascal S. Thue ◽  
Eder C. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Amine Functional Group

Nanostructured WO3 based gas sensors: a short review

Sensor Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Rao Sriram ◽  
Saidireddy Parne ◽  
Venkata Satya Chidambara Swamy Vaddadi ◽  
Damodar Edla ◽  
Nagaraju P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Sensing Performance

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the basic principle of WO3 gas sensors to achieve high gas-sensing performance with good stability and repeatability. Metal oxide-based gas sensors are widely used for monitoring toxic gas leakages in the environment, industries and households. For better livelihood and a healthy environment, it is extremely helpful to have sensors with higher accuracy and improved sensing features. Design/methodology/approach In the present review, the authors focus on recent synthesis methods of WO3-based gas sensors to enhance sensing features towards toxic gases. Findings This work has proved that the synthesis method led to provide different morphologies of nanostructured WO3-based material in turn to improve gas sensing performance along with its sensing mechanism. Originality/value In this work, the authors reviewed challenges and possibilities associated with the nanostructured WO3-based gas sensors to trace toxic gases such as ammonia, H2S and NO2 for future research.

Product Divergence in Coinage-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of π-Rich Compounds

Synthesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (07) ◽  
pp. 1402-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Chan ◽  
Joshua Boyle ◽  
Yichao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Coinage Metal ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Product Outcome

This short review aims to summarize how the product outcome of reactions of a common starting material can sometimes be controlled by the judicious choice of copper, silver or gold as the catalyst. It highlights the different reactivities observed in the functional group transformations of π-rich substrates mediated by the three group 11 metal salts.1 Introduction2 Reactions of Propargyl Amines, Esters and Their Derivatives3 Reactions of Phenylacetylene Derivatives4 Reactions of π-Rich Alcohols and Ethers5 Indolyl Cyclopropene and Alkynone Rearrangements6 Reactions Involving Metal-Carbene and Metal-Carbenoid Intermediates7 Conclusion

Study of Solute Influences on the Binding of Metals to Stichococcus Bacillaris with 113Cd NMR

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2151-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Zhang ◽  
Vahid Majidi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Formation Constant ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Average Formation ◽  
Stichococcus Bacillaris

The interaction between a unialgal species ( Stichococcus bacillaris) and cadmium in the presence of several different solutes was investigated by 113Cd NMR. The interaction between the algae and cadmium was very strong, and the Cd/algae complex has an average formation constant of 2.8 × 10s. Upon addition of different solutes into the algae suspension, two results were obtained: in some cases the cadmium in the Cd/algae biomass was removed, and in other situations water molecules around the bound cadmium were replaced by the added ligands. When the Cd/algae biomass was suspended in acetic acid or sodium acetate buffer solutions, some of the bound cadmium was released, but only one resonance was observed for both the Cd/algae complex and the free cadmium in the solution. This chemical shift similarity indicates that the predominant functional group on the cell wall of S. bacillaris is carboxylate. Gold(III) was also found to strongly interact with S. bacillaris.

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