EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMBINAAN OLAHRAGA PRESTASI CLUB BADMINTON JUANDA SPORT CENTER KOTA SUNGAI PENUH BERBASIS CIPPO

Berdasarkan pengamatan, ditemukan menurunnya prestasi olahraga Club Badminton Juanda Sport Center, diduga program latihan yang diberikan kepada atlet kurang berjalan secara maksimal. Hal ini bisa mengakibatkan prestasi Club Badminton Juanda Sport Center sulit untuk mencapai prestasi yang diharapkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi program pembinaan Club Badminton Juanda Sport Center. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data secara kualitatif deskriptif, dengan menggambarkan kegiatan yang berlangsung di lapangan secara terfokus dan kompleks. Yang menggambarkan keseluruhan program pembinaan Club Badminton Juanda Sport Center mencakupi dari segi metode CIPPO (Context, Input, Process, Product, Outcome). Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program pembinaan olahraga prestasi Club Badminton Juanda Sport Center ditinjau dari context sudah cukup efktif. Program pembinaan ditinjau dari input kurang efektif, terutama dalam kualitas pelatih serta atlet. Program pembinaan ditinjau dari process juga kurang efektif, khususnya pelaksanaan program latihan dan pengawasan. Program pembinaan ditinjau dari segi product cukup efektif dan program pembinaan ditinjau dari outcome cukup efektif. Secara keseluruhan, program pembinaan olahraga prestasi tergolong kurang efektif dan perlu dilakukan revisi program. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi program pembinaan, yang perlu menjadi prioritas utama club badminton Juanda Sport Center untuk meningkatkan prestasi atlet badminton adalah peningkatan waktu latihan dan kualitas pelatih.

13. The Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines against Pneumococcal Pneumonia among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Two pneumococcal vaccines are currently recommended for use in U.S. adults: 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Recommendations for adult PCV13 use were supported by a large randomized-controlled trial (RCT) demonstrating PCV13 efficacy against pneumococcal pneumonia (PnPn) and vaccine-type (VT) PnPn in older adults. New pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are expected to be licensed for adults in late 2021 and recommendations for use among adults will be reviewed and revised, as needed. We conducted a systematic review to summarize evidence on the vaccine efficacy and effectiveness (VE) of PPSV23 and PCV13 against PnPn among adults. Methods We conducted a search of literature published from 1998 to February 2021 on PCV13 and PPSV23 VE studies using eight reference databases. Studies targeting adults with immunocompromising conditions were excluded. VE results with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were abstracted and stratified by vaccine product, outcome evaluated (PnPn and VT PnPn), study design, and effect measure. When applicable, random effects models were used to estimate pooled VE and I-squared statistic was reported to assess heterogeneity. Results Of 3,422 screened studies, we included 15 studies: three on PCV13 and 12 on PPSV23 (Table 1). In addition to the RCT, we identified two observational studies for PCV13 (Table 1); however, pooled VE of the observational studies was not estimated due to differences in methods for reporting results. Pooled PPSV23 VE against PnPn from two RCTs was 63% (95% CI: 31, 80 I2=0%). Pooled VE of PPSV23 against VT PnPn from three observational studies was 18% (95% CI: -35, 35 I2=38%). PPSV23 effectiveness against PnPn was limited with a pooled VE of 25% (95% CI: 7, 39 I2=78%) from nine observational studies. Conclusion Findings from observational studies supported PCV13 VE against VT PnPn reported in the RCT. Differences in the study design made the magnitude of PPSV23 effectiveness against PnPn and VT PnPn difficult to assess; however, findings from recent observational studies suggest PPSV23 provides limited protection against VT PnPn. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Generating Creativity in Elementary School Teaching: A Case Study of Teacher Professional Development in Indonesia

Creativity plays an important role in education for both students and teachers. In this study, the researchers aim to investigate how teachers generate elementary students’ creativity in the classroom. The study involved ten elementary school English teachers from ten schools in Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This descriptive qualitative study employed snowball sampling by which the researchers invited one teacher to participate in this study and later the teacher suggested other potential participants that could be considered as the research samples. In gathering the data, the researchers identified teachers’ perspectives in generating creativity using questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaires results were in the form of a Likert Scale and a diagram was employed to display the overall tendency. Further, interviews were descriptively analysed to support the results of the questionnaires. The results of this study demonstrated that in generating creativity in the classroom, the following criteria should be fulfilled: (1) students’ mistakes should be welcomed and accepted as important part of learning; (2) students are expected to perform not only by constructing novel ideas, but also creating a product (outcome) that facilitates their creativity in the classroom. Other results close to the previous two main points are related to open-ended and real-life (authentic) tasks, resources availability, the atmosphere of care, and the teachers as a guide. In this study, the researchers provide data about how elementary school teachers generate creativity for elementary school students. It is suggested that further research should nurture and provide an atmosphere of care and physical environment to generate creativity.

Investigation on the Stoichiometry of Carbon Dioxide in Isotope-Exchange Reactions with Phenylacetic Acids

The functionalization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a C1 building block has attracted enormous attention. Carboxylation reactions, in particular, are of major interest for applications in isotope labeling. Due to the inexpensive nature of CO2, information about its stoichiometric use is generally unavailable in the literature. Because of the rarity and limited availability of CO2 isotopomers, this parameter is of concern for applications in carbon-isotope labeling. We investigated the effects of the stoichiometry of labeled CO2 on carbon isotope exchange of phenyl­acetic acids. Both thermal and photocatalytic procedures were studied, providing insight into product outcome and isotope incorporation. Preliminary results on isotope-dilution effects of carbonate bases in photocatalytic carboxylation reactions have also been obtained.

Bioadhesive Films AS Drug Delivery Systems

: Bioadhesive films are considered as a novel drug delivery system which provides improved therapy and better patient compliance than conventional dosage forms. The type and concentration of polymer or the blend of polymers used are important factors influencing the properties of bioadhesive films and influencingthe product outcome and performance. But the modification of available polymers to synthesize polymers with improved properties is the current area of research. Furthermore, addressing the challenges in formulating bioadhesive films for transdermal delivery of a variety of different classes of drug molecules is the frontier for future research. With the advancement of synthetic chemistry and the development of newer technology like 3D printing, more and more studies are going on bioadhesive films that have opened up a bunch of opportunities in this field of research. This article reviews the current advancements in developingbio-adhesive films and provides basic principles that will be helpful to overcome the difficulties that are associated with the design of formulation.

Molecular Basis for Polyketide Ketoreductase–Substrate Interactions

Polyketides are a large class of structurally and functionally diverse natural products with important bioactivities. Many polyketides are synthesized by reducing type II polyketide synthases (PKSs), containing transiently interacting standalone enzymes. During synthesis, ketoreductase (KR) catalyzes regiospecific carbonyl to hydroxyl reduction, determining the product outcome, yet little is known about what drives specific KR–substrate interactions. In this study, computational approaches were used to explore KR–substrate interactions based on previously solved apo and mimic cocrystal structures. We found five key factors guiding KR–substrate binding. First, two major substrate binding motifs were identified. Second, substrate length is the key determinant of substrate binding position. Third, two key residues in chain length specificity were confirmed. Fourth, phosphorylation of substrates is critical for binding. Finally, packing/hydrophobic effects primarily determine the binding stability. The molecular bases revealed here will help further engineering of type II PKSs and directed biosynthesis of new polyketides.

THE IMPLEMENTATION Of ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT IN 4.0 ERA IN JEPARA REGENCY

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kurikulum pesantren di Kabupaten Jepara di Era 4.0. Mengapa pesantren sudah menggunakan 4.0, tapi peserta didik tidak menguasai penggunaan media digital. Pondok Kabupaten Jepara ini adalah untuk mengetahui dinamika proses kebijakan pelaksanaan manajemen pendidikan di pesantren tersebut, untuk mengetahui pola manajemen yang dipraktekkan pengelola (kyai) dalam menggerakkan dan mengelola semua sumber daya di pesantren dan untuk mengetahui faktor penunjang dan faktor penghambat dalam kebijakan pengembngan manajemen pesantren sebagai tindak lanjut dalam peningkatan pengelolaan pendidikan pesantren. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di pondok pesatren memakai penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan metode kualitatif atau pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan telaah dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi, analisis datang dengan tiga langkah yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data atau penyimpulan. Hasil penelitian dideskripsikan dengan dianalisis sehingga dapat menemukan menemukan teori serta pesan manajemen pendidikan madrasah pesantren (kyai) dengan manajemen pendidikan pesantren (kemenag). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan merupakan suatu metode yang di gunakan untuk suatu hasil produk tertentu serta menguji keefektifan dari produk tersebut. Upaya untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan dan temuan temuan baru. Jadi penelitian ini adalah upaya untuk membuktikan mengembangkan dan menemukan bukti kongkret kebenaran sebuah model yang telah ada. hasil penelitian sangat mendukung dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu adanya fasiltas proyektor, laptop, audio, sehingga pada saat pembelajaran materi sangat didukung dengan fasilitas tersebut, dan juga guru sangat terbantu fasilitas tersebut itu terbukti pada saat proses pembelajran guru menyampaikan materi menggunakan semua fasilitas tersebut sehingga peserta didik tidak jenuh dikelas. [This study aims to: (1) explain the meaning of Islamic boarding schools; 2) explain the basis of religion, philosophical foundation and also social foundation Management culture of Islamic Boarding Schools; and (3) explain the curriculum development of Islamic boarding schools in Jepara. This research was carried out in several Islamic boarding schools in Jepara district. This study uses a qualitative method by emphasizing descriptive and problem analysis using a type of problem analysis (field research) that focuses on the analytical studies. So this research is an attempt to prove the development and finding concrete evidence of the truth of an existing model. The results of the study show that development is a method used for a particular product outcome and testing the effectiveness of the product. Efforts to develop new knowledge and findings. So this research is an attempt to prove the development and also find the real evidence and the truth of an existing model. The result of this research support the learning process such as the existence of projector facilities, laptops and audio, so that the learning process will be supported by these facilities, and also the teacher is greatly helped by these facilities as evidenced during the learning process the teacher delivers the material by using all of these facilities so that students not feel saturated in the class.]

Conserved bases for the initial cyclase in gibberellin biosynthesis: from bacteria to plants

All land plants contain at least one class II diterpene cyclase (DTC), which utilize an acid-base catalytic mechanism, for the requisite production of ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP) in gibberellin A (GA) phytohormone biosynthesis. These ent-CPP synthases (CPSs) are hypothesized to be derived from ancient bacterial origins and, in turn, to have given rise to the frequently observed additional DTCs utilized in more specialized plant metabolism. However, such gene duplication and neo-functionalization has occurred repeatedly, reducing the utility of phylogenetic analyses. Support for evolutionary scenarios can be found in more specific conservation of key enzymatic features. While DTCs generally utilize a DxDD motif as the catalytic acid, the identity of the catalytic base seems to vary depending, at least in part, on product outcome. The CPS from Arabidopsis thaliana has been found to utilize a histidine-asparagine dyad to ligate a water molecule that serves as the catalytic base, with alanine substitution leading to the production of 8β-hydroxy-ent-CPP. Here this dyad and effect of Ala substitution is shown to be specifically conserved in plant CPSs involved in GA biosynthesis, providing insight into plant DTC evolution and assisting functional assignment. Even more strikingly, while GA biosynthesis arose independently in plant-associated bacteria and fungi, the catalytic base dyad also is specifically found in the relevant bacterial, but not fungal, CPSs. This suggests functional conservation of CPSs from bacteria to plants, presumably reflecting an early role for derived diterpenoids in both plant development and plant–microbe interactions, eventually leading to GA, and a speculative evolutionary scenario is presented.

A Mechanistic Model for the Extraction of Phenolics from Grapes During Red Wine Fermentation

Phenolic extraction is a critical part of red wine making. Though empirical models of phenolic extraction kinetics exist, the current level of mechanistic understanding does not allow for accurate predictions. In this work, we propose a mechanistic model for the extraction of phenolics from grape skins and seeds as a function of temperature and ethanol. This model examines the release of phenolics, the adsorption of phenolics onto grape material, and the disappearance of anthocyanins from solution. Additionally, we performed epifluorescence microscopy to explore our finding that seed tannins’ release rate appears independent of concentration, and found that the grape seed appears to ablate over fermentation. We also determined the activation energy of anthocyanin disappearance, in good agreement with similar systems. The proposed model results in an excellent fit, and increases the understanding of phenolic extraction and the ability to predict and optimize product outcome in red wine making.