scholarly journals Exercise Reduces Morphine-Induced Hyperalgesia and Antinociceptive Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xingrui Gong ◽  
Rongmei Fan ◽  
Qinghong Zhu ◽  
Xihong Ye ◽  
Yongmei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Morphine ◽  
Tolerance Development ◽  
P38 Inhibitor ◽  
Morphine Administration ◽  
Exercise Preconditioning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Chronic morphine intake for treating various pain is frequently concomitant with morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. The mechanisms can be explained by the activation of p38-MAPK proteins in microglia in the spinal cord horn. Exercise has been shown to prevent the development of microglia overactivation. Thus, we designed to test whether exercise prevents the morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance as well as suppression of p38 phosphorylation. A p38 inhibitor SB203580, exercise, and exercise preconditioning were used for treating morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance development in the present study. The behavior tests for hyperalgesia and tolerance were performed in male Wistar rats before and after morphine administration. Western blotting and immunostaining for examining phosphorylated-p38 expression were performed after the behavior tests. Our results showed that SB203580 and exercise, but not exercise preconditioning, prevented the occurrence of morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. Meanwhile, exercise decreased morphine-induced phosphorylated-p38 overexpression. In summary, exercise prevented the development of morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. The mechanism may be related to inhibition of p38 phosphorylation.

scholarly journals Effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors on fibroblast differentiation in the zone of postoperative scar formation

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Ирина Александровна Шурыгина ◽  
Н.В. Зеленин ◽  
Г.Б. Гранина ◽  
М.Г. Шурыгин
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P38 Inhibitor ◽  
P38 Mapk Inhibitors ◽  
Mapk Inhibitors ◽  
P38 Mapk Inhibitor ◽  
Postoperative Scar ◽  
Mapk Inhibitor

Цель исследования: оценить влияние блокатора р38 МАРК SB203580 на дифференцировку фибробластов в зоне формирования послеоперационного рубца. Материалы и методы: На модели линейной кожно-мышечной раны у крыс линии Вистар оценено влияние локального введения блокатора р38 МАРК SB203580 в составе лекарственной пленки на дифференцировку фибробластов (n = 30) по сравнению с заживлением раны без введения активного вещества (n = 30). Проводили оценку количества коллагена в области раны, периоперационной зоне и интактной дерме, а также иммуноморфологическое окрашивание на CD34, CD45, ММР9 и актин в сроки от 2 часов до 30 суток. Результаты: Установлено, что применение блокатора р38 SB203580 приводило к значительному снижению интенсивности коллагенообразования в зоне формирующегося рубца. Так, у животных контрольной группы относительная площадь, занятая волокнами коллагена в зоне послеоперационной раны, закономерно возрастала в сроки от 3 до 30 суток, достигая максимальных значений к концу наблюдения - 73,54% [66,87; 78,01]. При введении SB203580 в течение всего срока наблюдения отмечалось достоверное снижение коллагенообразования в сравнении с группой контроля, к 30 суткам показатель составил 43,60% [41,05; 60,15] (р = 0.002). Введение SB203580 снижало привлечение прогениторных клеток фибробластического ряда в зону формирования послеоперационного рубца, повышало фиброкластическую активность. Aim. To assess effects of a p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, on fibroblast differentiation in the zone of postoperative scar formation. Materials and methods. The effect of locally injected p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, on fibroblast differentiation (n = 30) was compared with wound healing without an active substance injection (n = 30) on a model of linear musculocutaneous wound in Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g. We measured the amount of collagen in the wound zone, perioperative zone, and intact derma and conducted immunomorphological staining for CD34, CD45, MMP9, and actin at timepoints of 2 hours to 30 days. Results. The p38 inhibitor, SB203580, induced a significant decrease in collagenation intensity in the zone of forming scar. In Wistar rats of the control group, the percent area of collagen fibers in the zone of postoperative wound was increasing between days 3 and 30 and reached a maximum of 73.54 % [66.87; 78.01] by the end of observation period. The SB203580 injection significantly decreased collagenation over the entire period of observation compared with the control group (43.60 % [41.05; 60.15] by day 30, р = 0.002). The SB203580 injection decreased the engagement of fibroblastic progenitors in the zone of postoperative scar formation and increased the fibroclast activity.

scholarly journals Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) Memperbaiki Profil Lipid Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Jantan Dislipidemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Melita Hidajat ◽  
I Gusti Made Aman ◽  
Hendro Sukoco ◽  
Ferbian Milas Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia

The purpose of this study was to prove that the administration of Jati (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) leaves extract improves the lipid profile of dyslipidemic male Wistar rats. Subjects were 20 rats (Rattus norvegicus), male, Wistar strain, dyslipidemia (total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg dl-1), aged 2 months old, weighing 180-200 grams. The control group (10 rats) were given a placebo of 3 ml aquadest (P0) and the treatment group was given extracts of the Jati (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) leaves extract of 25 mg kg-1 BW (P1). Before and after treatment for 14 days, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels were examined. The results showed that in the P0 group there were no changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels (p>0.05), whereas the P1 group experienced a decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels (p<0.05) and an increase in HDL levels (p<0.05). The results of this study indicated that the Jati leaves extract was effective to improve the lipid profile of dyslipidemic rats. It was necessary to compare the effectiveness of Jati leaves extract with synthetic dyslipidemia drugs used in the community such as statin.

Effect of spaceflight on periosteal bone formation in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. R305-R309 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Wronski ◽  
E. R. Morey
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periosteal Bone Formation ◽  
Mechanical Unloading ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Nonsignificant Decrease

Male Wistar rats were placed in orbit for 18.5 days aboard the Soviet COSMOS 1129 biological satellite. Tetracycline was administered before and after spaceflight to label areas of bone formation. An inhibition of periosteal bone formation occurred during spaceflight in the tibial and humeral diaphyses, but this defect was corrected during the postflight period. The increased extent of arrest lines at these skeletal sites suggested that periosteal bone formation may have even ceased during spaceflight. The rib exhibited a small but nonsignificant decrease in periosteal bone formation. Endosteal bone resorption was not affected markedly by spaceflight conditions. The observed inhibition of periosteal bone formation may be a result of mechanical unloading, but endocrine factors cannot be ruled out.

scholarly journals The supplementation effect of Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract on the fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in male Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Stefani Marietta ◽  
AAG Budhiarta ◽  
I Wayan Weta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Mean Differences

Background: Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and vitamin-C contained in the Red Dragon fruit’s skin have a positive impact on glycemic control and lipid oxidation. This study aimed to determine the effect of Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract on reducing the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improving the lipid profile of Wistar rats with diabetes and dyslipidemia. Methods: A randomized pre-test post-test control group experimental study was done on 22 male Wistar rats, aged 2-3 months that suffered from diabetes and dyslipidemia. Subjects were divided into the control group (given 2cc distilled water + 9 mg metformin) and the treatment group (given 160 mg red dragon fruit’s skin extract + 9 mg metformin) for 14 days. FBG and lipid profile measurements were done before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using the compare mean test. Results: There was no significant mean difference of GDP between groups before (p=0.414) and after treatment (p=0.125), total cholesterol between groups before (p = 0.572) and after treatment (p=0.361), triglycerides between groups before (p=0.073) and after treatment (p=0.111). There was a significant mean difference of HDL between groups before (p=0.003) and after treatment (p=0.047), LDL between groups before (p=0.006) and after treatment (p=0.043). Although there were significant mean differences in HDL and LDL between groups before and after treatment, the pre-post treatment of HDL and LDL mean differences showed no significant mean difference (p=0.328 and p=0.704 consecutively). Conclusion: Red Dragon fruit’s skin extract treatment did not significantly reduce the mean FBG and lipid profile levels.

scholarly journals Catfish Oil (Pangasius hypophthalmus) effect to ferritin and sTfR in iron deficiency anemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Hersanti Sulistyaningrum ◽  
Fronthea Swastawati ◽  
Maria Mexitalia ◽  
Etika Ratna Noer
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Catfish Oil

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a micronutrient problem and the prevalence is still high. Catfish oil (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is a natural source of heme iron which can improve body iron levels.Objectives: This study was aimed to examine and analyze the effect of catfish oil on ferritin and sTfR levels in male wistar rats with iron deficiency anemia models.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on male wistar rats which were divided into groups C- (standard feed), C+ (standard feed but had the iron removed), X1 (standard feed without iron but was supplemented with catfish oil), X2 (standard feed without iron but was supplemented with ferrous sulfate) for 14 days. Ferritin and sTfR levels were measured before and after intervention using ELISA.Results: The study showed an increase ferritin levels in X1 (21.87 ng/ml ±0.76), X2 (24.47 ng/ml ±0.54) and there was no significant difference between the two (p=0.069; p>0.05); a decrease in C- (0.25 ng/ml ±0.43), C+ (0.32 ng/ml ±0.059) (p=0.00; p<0.05). The sTfR levels decreased before and after intervention (p=0.00; p<0.05) in C+ (0.24 μ/mL ±0.99), X1 (60.66 μ/mL ±0.29), X2 (62.10 μ/mL ±0.90) and increased in C- (0.40 μ/mL ±0.97).Conclusions: The study indicates ferritin levels increased in the rats receiving catfish oil is not different from the rats that received ferrous sulfate and sTfR levels decreased significantly in wistar rats with iron deficiency anemia receiving catfish oil although the results were not as good as ferrous sulfate supplementation

Chronic morphine administration enhances the expression of Kv1.5 and Kv1.6 voltage-gated K + channels in rat spinal cord

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Matus-Leibovitch ◽  
Zvi Vogel ◽  
Vittoria Ezra-Macabee ◽  
Sarah Etkin ◽  
Igal Nevo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Morphine ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Morphine Administration

Increased Prostaglandin E2Release and Activated Akt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Occur after Opioid Withdrawal in Rat Spinal Cord

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Dunbar ◽  
Ivan Karamian ◽  
Lou Roberts ◽  
Jiahui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Opioid Withdrawal ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Chronic Morphine ◽  
Morphine Administration ◽  
Opioid Administration

Background Prostaglandin E(2) is an important spinal modulator of nociception. However, the effects of chronic opioid administration and withdrawal on prostaglandin E(2) release and associated signaling pathways in the spinal cord are generally unknown. Methods This study sought to examine these effects using a spinal microdialysis technique in a model of chronic morphine administration and withdrawal in the rat. Results The authors found that spinal prostaglandin E(2) release was unaffected by chronic morphine treatment but was significantly increased during withdrawal. Recurrent withdrawal did not further enhance this release. The authors also found up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and phosphorylation of protein kinase Akt at Ser-473 in response to opioid withdrawal. In addition, they demonstrated that beta-catenin, a transcription factor downstream of Akt, was induced during morphine withdrawal, particularly during recurrent withdrawal. Conclusions These results suggest that opioid withdrawal activates signaling pathways associated with neuronal survival and transcriptional control, two processes implicated in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity.

Adrenal and vagus modulation of cisplatin-induced gastric emptying and ulceration

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 406-407
Author(s):  
Surinder K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Cisplatin is a most valuable broad spectrum antineoplastic drug available for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It has several severe toxic side effects of which gastrointestinal and nephrotoxicity are the major dose limiting. It also induces hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia that have been demonstrated to effect the secretory activity of the neurohypophysis and the parathyroid glands. In rats cisplatin treatment causes stomach bloating and ulceration that can be ablated by daily injections of calcium just before the treatment and during the treatment or using vagotomy. Adrenalectomy has also been shown to prevent ulceration. Present study is an effort to determine the effect of cisplatin on morphological and cytochemical changes in the neuromuscular interactions of the stomach smooth muscle and the adrenal glands before and after vagotomy.Male Wistar rats [Crl:(WI)BR] weighing 200-300 g were given intraperitoneal injection of 9 mg/kg in 0.85% saline. Alternate group of animals received in addition daily injections of calcium (1 ml of 1.3% calcium chloride).

Therapeutic Effects of Azithromycin on Spinal Cord Injury in Male Wistar Rats: A Role for Inflammatory Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rismanbaf ◽  
Khashayar Afshari ◽  
Mehdi Ghasemi ◽  
Abolfazl Badripour ◽  
Arvin Haj-Mirzaian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Background Inflammatory responses, including macrophages/microglia imbalance, are associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) complications. Accumulating evidence also suggests an anti-inflammatory property of azithromycin (AZM). Material and Methods Male Wistar rats were subjected to T9 vertebra laminectomy. SCI was induced by spinal cord compression at this level with an aneurysmal clip for 60 seconds. They were divided into three groups: the sham-operated group and two SCI treatment (normal saline as a vehicle control vs. AZM at 180 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 3 days postsurgery; first dose: 30 minutes after surgery) groups. Locomotor scaling and behavioral tests for neuropathic pain were evaluated and compared through a 28-day period. At the end of the study, tissue samples were taken to assess neuroinflammatory changes and neural demyelination using ELISA and histopathologic examinations, respectively. In addition, the proportion of M1/M2 macrophage polarization was assessed by using flow cytometry. Results Post-SCI AZM treatment (180 mg/kg/d for 3 days) significantly improved locomotion (p < 0.01) and decreased sensitivity to mechanical (p < 0.01) and thermal allodynia (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decline (p < 0.01) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) elevation (p < 0.01) in the spinal cord tissue of the AZM-treated group compared with the control groups 28 days post-SCI. AZM significantly improved neuroinflammation as evidenced by reduction of the M1 expression, elevation of M2 macrophages, and reduction of the M1/M2 ratio in both the dorsal root ganglion and the spinal cord tissue after SCI compared with controls (p < 0.01). Conclusion AZM treatment can be considered a therapeutic agent for SCI, as it could reduce neuroinflammation and SCI sensory/locomotor complications.

scholarly journals Male Wistar rats show uniform wind-up responses in carrageenan-induced inflammation but not in the normal situation

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Solano ◽  
J. Mazario ◽  
J. M. Orellana ◽  
J. F. Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Spinal Reflexes ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
C Fibre ◽  
Withdrawal Reflexes

The technique of recording spinal cord withdrawal reflexes as single motor units (SMUs) does not require intense preparatory surgery and allows the study of the nociceptive system in physiological conditions. It has been used to show that the wind-up phenomenon depends on the level of excitability of spinal cord neurones, the integrity of the spinal cord and the parameters of the stimulation used. We have now used SMU recordings to assess whether wind-up is also an heterogeneous phenomenon depending on the muscle studied, and, if so, how the presence of hyperalgesia affects its generation. The experiments were performed in normal and carrageenan-induced inflammation in male Wistar rats anesthetized with α-chloralose. Wind-up was recorded in units from peroneus longus, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus. The results showed that in normal animals, the curves of C-fibre mediated wind-up reached saturation at different times and the shape of the curves was different depending on the muscle studied and on the intensity of stimulation used. In inflammation, however, C-fibre mediated wind-up became very uniform in the muscles studied, with a similar shape and saturation point. A-fibre mediated wind-up was only observed in animals with inflammation and no differences were observed between muscles. We conclude that in the absence of preparatory surgery and inflammation, C-fibre wind-up is heterogeneous, and supports a modular organization of nociceptive spinal reflexes. In hyperalgesia, however, wind-up curves are similar in units from different muscles, confirming a loss of modular organization that also affects the generation of wind-up.

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