scholarly journals The Impact of LED Colour Rendering on Reaction Time of Human Eyes in Tunnel Interior Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Li-Li Dong ◽  
Qi Lou ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Wen-Hai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
Colour Rendering ◽  
The Impact

The long reaction time of human eyes will increase the probability of traffic accidents in tunnels which can be reduced by improving lighting conditions. In recent years, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have replaced the traditional lighting source in a tunnel. Colour rendering index 2012 (CRI2012, a colour rendering evaluation index) is the most suitable evaluation method for colour rendering of LEDs. In order to study the impact of colour rendering of LEDs on the reaction time of human eyes, a driving simulation environment was designed. First, three CCTs (correlated colour temperatures), four CRI2012s, and eight colours of targets were assessed using mesopic photometry model MES-2. The calculation results indicated that the contrast of targets had a positive correlation with CRI2012 and had a negative correlation with CCT. Then, reaction time experiment was conducted in simulated tunnel environments. There are 30 observers who participated. The results show that the LEDs with higher CRI2012 and lower CCT in tunnel is conducive to reducing the reaction time of human eyes. High CRI2012 enables drivers to accurately and quickly identify colours. This paper provides a reference for the design of light source parameters, roads, walls, and warning signs in the tunnel.

scholarly journals The Impact of LED Color Rendering on the Dark Adaptation of Human Eyes at Tunnel Entrances

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Zhong Zhao ◽  
Li-Li Dong ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Qi Lou ◽  
Wen-Hai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Color Rendering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

The dark adaptation of drivers’ eyes at a tunnel entrance seriously affects traffic safety. This can be improved by the design of tunnel lighting. Light-Emitting Diode (LEDs) have been applied as a new type of luminaire in tunnel lighting in recent years, but at present, there are few studies on the influence of color rendering of LEDs on tunnel traffic safety, and there is no explicit indicator for the selection of appropriate color rendering parameters in tunnel lighting specifications, which has aroused researchers’ concern. In this article, several new color rendering evaluation indexes were compared, and as a result, it is considered that CRI2012 (a color difference-based color rendering index) is more suitable for evaluating the color rendering of LEDs used at tunnel entrances. The dark adaptation phenomenon was simulated in the laboratory. Four CRI2012s, three color temperatures and eight colored targets were used in the experiments. The results showed that yellow, silver and white can provide shorter reaction times, while red and brown lead to longer reaction times, which can provide a reference for the design of road and warning signs at tunnel entrances. The effect of target color on reaction time was greater than that of color rendering. Under most target colors, the higher the CRI2012, the shorter the reaction time. When designing the color rendering of the LEDs at a tunnel entrance, the value should thus be as large as possible (close to 100), and a lower color temperature value (about 2800 K) should be selected. This paper provides technical support for tunnel lighting design and a reference for tunnel lighting specifications, which is of significance to improve driving safety and avoid traffic accidents in highway tunnels.

The Process of Globalization and Its Impact on Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Veton Zejnullahi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
The Impact

The process of globalization, which many times is considered as new world order is affecting all spheres of modern society but also the media. In this paper specifically we will see the impact of globalization because we see changing the media access to global problems in general being listed on these processes. We will see that the greatest difficulties will have small media as such because the process is moving in the direction of creating mega media which thanks to new technology are reaching to deliver news and information at the time of their occurrence through choked the small media. So it is fair to conclude that the rapid economic development and especially the technology have made the world seem "too small" to the human eyes, because for real-time we will communicate with the world with the only one Internet connection, and also all the information are take for the development of events in the four corners of the world and direct from the places when the events happen. Even Albanian space has not left out of this process because the media in the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo are adapted to the new conditions under the influence of the globalization process. This fact is proven powerful through creating new television packages, written the websites and newspapers in their possession.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfolane Using a LED-Based Photocatalytic Treatment System

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Sripriya Dharwadkar ◽  
Linlong Yu ◽  
Gopal Achari
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
The Impact

Sulfolane is an emerging industrial pollutant detected in the environments near many oil and gas plants in North America. So far, numerous advanced oxidation processes have been investigated to treat sulfolane in aqueous media. However, there is only a few papers that discuss the degradation of sulfolane using photocatalysis. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of sulfolane using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and reduced graphene oxide TiO2 composite (RGO-TiO2) in a light-emitting diode (LED) photoreactor was investigated. The impact of different waters (ultrapure water, tap water, and groundwater) and type of irradiation (UVA-LED and mercury lamp) on photocatalytic degradation of sulfolane were also studied. In addition, a reusability test was conducted for the photocatalyst to examine the degradation of sulfolane in three consecutive cycles with new batches of sulfolane-contaminated water. The results show that LED-based photocatalysis was effective in degrading sulfolane in waters even after three photocatalytic cycles. UVA-LEDs displayed more efficient use of photon energy when compared with the mercury lamps as they have a narrow emission spectrum coinciding with the absorption of TiO2. The combination of UVA-LED and TiO2 yielded better performance than UVA-LED and RGO-TiO2 for the degradation of sulfolane. Much lower sulfolane degradation rates were observed in tap water and groundwater than ultrapure water.

scholarly journals Assessing inequality, irregularity, and severity regarding road traffic safety during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Weizi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has affected every sector of our society, among which human mobility is taking a dramatic change due to quarantine and social distancing. We investigate the impact of the pandemic and subsequent mobility changes on road traffic safety. Using traffic accident data from the city of Los Angeles and New York City, we find that the impact is not merely a blunt reduction in traffic and accidents; rather, (1) the proportion of accidents unexpectedly increases for “Hispanic” and “Male” groups; (2) the “hot spots” of accidents have shifted in both time and space and are likely moved from higher-income areas (e.g., Hollywood and Lower Manhattan) to lower-income areas (e.g., southern LA and southern Brooklyn); (3) the severity level of accidents decreases with the number of accidents regardless of transportation modes. Understanding those variations of traffic accidents not only sheds a light on the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 across demographic and geographic factors, but also helps policymakers and planners design more effective safety policies and interventions during critical conditions such as the pandemic.

scholarly journals Alternative Friendships to Improve Men’s Health Status. The Impact of the New Alternative Masculinities’ Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2188
Author(s):  
Oriol Ríos-González ◽  
Mimar Ramis-Salas ◽  
Juan Carlos Peña-Axt ◽  
Sandra Racionero-Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Alternative Masculinities ◽  
The Impact

Background: Men who develop behaviors connected with the model of hegemonic masculinity present several health problems. Previous research has shown the types of problems that men commonly suffer in this regard such as chronic diseases, dietary disorders, and traffic accidents. To combat and overcome this situation, several campaigns, policies and recommendations have been undertaken, and consequently, their influence has been analyzed. However, there have been few investigations into the role of men’s friendship in the reduction of these physical health problems. The findings presented in this article are focused on this issue, illustrating the impact of male friendship on the shaping of healthy behaviors. Methods: Drawing upon a qualitative-based methodology articulated in a case study of the Men in Dialogue association, located in Spain, the study has followed the premises of the communicative approach, a total of 15 structured online open-ended questionnaires have been performed and analyzed. The median age of the participants is 37.5 years. Results: The findings show how men involved in Men in Dialogue are promoting a kind of masculine friendship that is improving men’s emotional well-being and, consequently, their physical health.

scholarly journals UTILIZING NUTRITION SERVICES PROVIDERS TO PREVENT LATE-LIFE SUICIDE: IMPLEMENTING A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S824-S825
Author(s):  
Matthew C Fullen ◽  
Mary Chase Mize ◽  
Laura R Shannonhouse
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Nutrition Services ◽  
Suicide Prevention Training ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A challenge in preventing late-life suicide is identifying and responding to persons-at-risk prior to a suicide attempt. Distressed older adults are less likely to turn to a mental health professional, meaning that community-based prevention strategies are vitally important to comprehensive prevention frameworks. Due to their “natural helper” role, nutrition services (NS) volunteers may be well-positioned to identify suicide warning signs and respond accordingly. Unfortunately, there is a lack of systematic, empirically-tested evaluations of the effectiveness of community-based strategies to prevent older adult suicide, including the use of NS volunteers. To remedy this, the authors partnered with several home- and community-based service organizations to measure the impact of training nutrition services volunteers in suicide prevention skills. The authors will present preliminary findings from this federally-funded randomized, controlled trial of suicide prevention training (i.e., ASIST; safeTALK) on late-life suicidality and its correlates.

Assessing the impact of the transition to Light Emitting Diodes based solar lighting systems in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh M. Harish ◽  
Shuba V. Raghavan ◽  
Milind Kandlikar ◽  
Gireesh Shrimali
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Solar Lighting ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Imposed dynamic irradiation to intensify photocatalytic reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Guba ◽  
Florian Gaulhofer ◽  
Dirk Ziegenbalg
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Photochemical Processes ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Photonic Efficiency

AbstractDynamic irradiation is a potent option to influence the interaction between photochemical reactions and mass transport to design high performant and efficient photochemical processes. To systematically investigate the impact of this parameter, the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene was conducted as a test reaction. Dynamic irradiation was realized through provoked secondary flow patterns, multiple spatially distributed light emitting diodes (LEDs) and electrical pulsation of LEDs. A combined experimental and theoretical approach revealed significant potential to enhance photochemical processes. The reaction rate was accelerated by more than 70% and even more important the photonic efficiency was increased by more than a factor of 4. This renders imposed dynamic irradiation an innovative and powerful tool to intensify photoreactions on the avenue to large scale sustainable photochemical processes.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Construction of a Climate Resilient City: An Empirical Study Based on the Difference in Differences Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2082
Author(s):  
Zifeng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Facing climate risks has become a common problem for mankind and a topic of great importance for the Chinese government. To thoroughly implement the overall requirements for the construction of an ecological civilization and effectively improve the capacity of cities to adapt to climate change, China launched the pilot construction of “Climate Resilient Cities” in 2017. In this paper, 16 prefecture level cities in Anhui Province of China were selected as the research objects, and the multi-level grey system evaluation method was used to measure the climate resilience of these regions. We used the difference in differences method to evaluate the effect of the pilot policy of “Climate Resilient Cities.” The pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” showed a significant contribution to the regional climate resilience, and, after isolating the impact of other factors on the regional climate resilience, the pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” increased the climate resilience of the pilot cities by four percentage points. The pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” had a significant contribution to the urban infrastructure development and ecological space optimization, as well as non-significant impacts to the urban water security, emergency management capacity-building, and science and technology innovation initiatives.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial and Non-Financial Work Incentives on the Safety Behavior of Heavy Truck Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Sebastjan Škerlič ◽  
Vanja Erčulj
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the research is to determine how compensation affects the safety behavior of truck drivers and consequently the frequency of traffic accidents. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on a sample of 220 truck drivers in international road transport in the EU, where the results of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) show that in the current state of the transport sector, financial and non-financial incentives have a positive impact on the work and safety behavior of drivers. Financial incentives also have an impact on drivers’ increased perception of their driving ability, while moving violations continue to have a major impact on the number of accidents. The proposed improvements enable decision-makers at the highest level to adopt legal solutions to help manage the issues that have been affecting the industry from a work, social and safety point of view for the past several years. The results of the research therefore represent an important guideline for improvements to the legislature as well as in the systematization of truck driver compensation within companies.

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