scholarly journals Exemplifying the Effects Using WetSpass Model Depicting the Landscape Modifications on Long-Term Surface and Subsurface Hydrological Water Balance in Bilate Basin, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Abera Shigute Nannawo ◽  
Tarun Kumar Lohani ◽  
Abunu Atlabachew Eshete
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Wetspass Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
Mean Square Errors

The alteration of spatial patterns of landscape interrupts water balance components in Bilate basin of Ethiopia. The aim is to characterize the spatio-temporal variation of surface-subsurface hydrological water balance using the WetSpass model comprising of soil type, topography, groundwater depth, and slope. Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) and Arc-GIS software were assimilated for the classification of Landsat images from 1989 to 2019 replicating the forest, shrub, and grasslands which decrease by 4.0%, 9.41%, and 14.87%, respectively, and agricultural land increasing by 27.06% from 1989 to 2019. The goodness of fit in surface runoff and subsurface flow for the two model outputs with the square of regression (R2) of 0.79 and 0.81, while the root mean square errors (RMSEs) 8.26 mm and 8.39 mm for 1989 and 2019, respectively, were calculated. Average annual interception, groundwater recharge, surface runoff, and actual-evapotranspiration were 36.4 mm, 127.34 mm, 614.95 mm, and 517.59 mm, respectively, revealing that WetSpass works remarkably in simulating the components of the hydrological water balance.

scholarly journals Water Balance Estimation Using Integrated GIS-Based WetSpass Model in the Birki Watershed, Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Esayas Meresa ◽  
Abbadi Girmay ◽  
Amare Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Wetspass Model

This study aims to estimate long-term average annual and seasonal water balance components for Birki watershed using WetSpass model with the integrated geospatial modeling approach with ten years’ hydro-meteorological and biophysical data of the watershed. Both primary and secondary data were collected using both field survey and disk-based data collection methods. The WetSpass model was used for data analysis purposes. The finding showed that in the summer season the annual groundwater recharge is 24.1 mm year-1 (96.5%), winter season mean groundwater recharge is 0.8 mm year-1 (3.5%) and yearly mean groundwater recharge is 24.9 mm year-1, Surface runoff yearly mean value is 40.6 mm year-1, Soil evaporation yearly mean value is 10.8 mm year-1, Evapotranspiration yearly mean value is 60.8 mm year-1, Intersection loss yearly mean value is 17 mm year-1, and Transpiration loss yearly value is 6.8 mm year-1 in the entire watershed. The mean annual precipitation, which is 573 mm, is contributed to 7.4%, 7.1% and 85.5% recharge to the groundwater, to surface runoff, and evapotranspiration, respectively. Annually 1.1205 million m3 water recharges into the groundwater table as recharge from the precipitation on the entire watershed. The contribution of this study could be used as baseline information for regional water resource experts, policy makers and researchers for further investigation. It can also be concluded that integrated WetSpass and GIS-based models are good indicators for estimating and understanding of water balance components in a given watershed to implement an integrated watershed management plan for sustainable utilization and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Prediction of the Impacts of Land Cover Changes on Hydrological Processes in Data Constrained Southern Slopes of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-247
Author(s):  
Mateso Said ◽  
Canute Hyandye ◽  
Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah ◽  
Hans Charles Komakech ◽  
Linus Kasian Munishi
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Water Balance Components

This study provides a detailed assessment of land cover (LC) changes on the water balance components on data constrained Kikafu-Weruweru-Karanga (KWK) watershed, using the integrated approaches of hydrologic modeling and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was validated and used to simulate hydrologic responses of water balance components response to changes in LC in spatial and temporal scale. PLSR was further used to assess the influence of individual LC classes on hydrologic components. PLSR results revealed that expansion in cultivation land and built-up area are the main attributes in the changes in water yield, surface runoff, evapotranspiration (ET), and groundwater flow. The study findings suggest that improving the vegetation cover on the hillside and abandoned land area could help to reduce the direct surface runoff in the KWK watershed, thus, reducing flooding recurring in the area, and that with the ongoing expansion in agricultural land and built-up areas, there will be profound negative impacts in the water balance of the watershed in the near future (2030). This study provides a forecast of the future hydrological parameters in the study area based on changes in land cover if the current land cover changes go unattended. This study provides useful information for the advancement of our policies and practices essential for sustainable water management planning.

scholarly journals Impact of Arable Land to Grassland Conversion on the Vegetation-period Water Balance of a Small Agricultural Catchment (Němčický Stream)

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kovář ◽  
D. Vaššová
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Grassland Conversion ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

This paper presents results of decadal (10-day) water balance simulations for the vegetation periods (April to October) of 2001 (normal year), 2002 (wet year) and 2003 (dry year) in the Němčick&yacute; Stream experimental catchment (3.52 km<sup>2</sup>). The catchment is a typical agricultural area with a large extent of arable land. This paper shows that the model used (WBCM) is capable of reliably simulating decadal water balance components for the actual land use. The same model is then used to estimate water balance changes brought about when 10% of arable land has been transformed into permanent grassland. It is shown that this land use change results in a pronounced reduction of surface runoff and an increase in subsurface storage over the vegetation periods of all three years. The vegetation period groundwater runoff was only enhanced in the wet year, while the total runoff was reduced in all three years.&nbsp;

Analysis of Urban Expansion on Agricultural Food Production in Calabar, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
M. A. Oyinloye ◽  
U. M. Ogban ◽  
O. S. Aboyeji
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Gis Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agricultural Food

Urban growth appears to have direct effects on the available agricultural land in and around urban area which in turn affects food production and other agricultural activities in the city. Indiscriminate urban growth and increasing losses of agricultural lands have become an issue in developing countries. The aim of this study is to use Remote Sensing and GIS to monitor the impact of urban expansion on agricultural food production in Calabar, Nigeria. Landsat images of 1986, 2003 and 2018 of Calabar municipal and Calabar South were obtained. The study employed supervised digital image classification method using ILWIS 3.2 and ArcGIS 10.2a software. GIS software was used to classify the landuse into built-up area, natural vegetation, bare soil, agricultural land and water bodies. Also, a set of structured questionnaire were administered using the stratified random sampling technique to elicit information on the socio economic and driven factors responsible for conversion of agricultural landuse, effect of urban expansion on agricultural food production and measures adopted to preserve agricultural land uses. The results revealed increase in urban expansion on food production over the periods (1986–2018). Recommendations were provided that will reduce the rate of urban expansion on agricultural food production in the study area.

scholarly journals Modeling the distributed effects of forest thinning on the long-term water balance and stream flow extremes for a semi-arid basin in the southwestern US

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 10827-10891 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Moreno ◽  
H. V. Gupta ◽  
D. D. White ◽  
D. A. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Forest Thinning ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. To achieve water resources sustainability in the water-limited Southwestern US, it is critical to understand the potential effects of proposed forest thinning on the hydrology of semi-arid basins, where disturbances to headwater catchments can cause significant changes in the local water balance components and basin-wise stream flows. In Arizona, the Four Forest Restoration Initiative (4FRI) is being developed with the goal of restoring 2.4 million acres of ponderosa pine along the Mogollon Rim. Using the physically based, spatially distributed tRIBS model, we examine the potential impacts of the 4FRI on the hydrology of Tonto Creek, a basin in the Verde–Tonto–Salt (VTS) system, which provides much of the water supply for the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Long-term (20 year) simulations indicate that forest removal can trigger significant shifts in the spatio-temporal patterns of various hydrological components, causing increases in net radiation, surface temperature, wind speed, soil evaporation, groundwater recharge, and runoff, at the expense of reductions in interception and shading, transpiration, vadose zone moisture and snow water equivalent, with south facing slopes being more susceptible to enhanced atmospheric losses. The net effect will likely be increases in mean and maximum stream flow, particularly during El Niño events and the winter months, and chiefly for those scenarios in which soil hydraulic conductivity has been significantly reduced due to thinning operations. In this particular climate, forest thinning can lead to net loss of surface water storage by vegetation and snow pack, increasing the vulnerability of ecosystems and populations to larger and more frequent hydrologic extreme conditions on these semi-arid systems.

scholarly journals Effect of deforestation on watershed water balance: hydrological modelling-based approach / Vplyv odlesnenia na vodnú bilanciu povodia: prístup na báze hydrologického modelovania

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hlásny ◽  
Dušan Kočický ◽  
Martin Maretta ◽  
Zuzana Sitková ◽  
Ivan Barka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Watershed Hydrology ◽  
Water Balance Components

Abstract Changes in land cover, including deforestation, can have significant effect on watershed hydrology. We used hydrological model with distributed parameters to evaluate the effect of simulated deforestation on water balance components in the watershed Ulička (97 km2, 84.3% forest cover) located in the eastern Slovakia. Under the current land cover, average interception accounted for 21.1% of the total precipitation during the calibration period 2001-2013. Most of the precipitation (77%) infiltrated into the soil profile, and less than half of this amount percolated into the ground water aquifer. The surface runoff accounted for 1.2% of the total precipitation only, while the interflow accounted for ca. 12%. The largest proportion of the precipitation contributed to the base flow (23%). Watershed`s deforestation induced significant decrease in the interception and evapotranspiration (by 76% and 12%, respectively). At the same time, total runoff, surface runoff, interflow and base flow increased by 20.4, 38.8, 9.0 and 25.5%, respectively. Daily discharge increased by 20%. The deforestation significantly increased peak discharge induced by a simulated extreme precipitation event with the recurrence interval of 100 years. In the deforested watershed, the peak discharge was higher by 58% as compared with the current land cover. Peak discharge occurred in 432 minutes with the current land cover and in 378 minutes with deforestation, after the precipitation event had started. The presented assessment emphasized the risk of adverse effect of excessive deforestation on watershed hydrology. At the same time, the developed model allows testing the effect of other land cover scenarios, and thus supports management in the investigated watershed.

scholarly journals Hydrological trade-offs due to different land covers and land uses in the Brazilian Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil A. A. Anache ◽  
Edson Wendland ◽  
Lívia M. P. Rosalem ◽  
Cristian Youlton ◽  
Paulo T. S. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Land Covers ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract. Farmland expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado, considered one of the largest agricultural frontiers in the world, has the potential to alter water fluxes on different spatial scales. Despite some large-scale studies being developed, there are still few investigations in experimental sites in this region. Here, we investigate the water balance components in experimental plots and the groundwater table fluctuation in different land covers: wooded Cerrado, sugarcane, pasture and bare soil. Furthermore, we identify possible water balance trade-offs due to the different land covers. This study was developed between 2012 and 2016 in the central region of the state of São Paulo, Southern Brazil. Hydrometeorological variables, groundwater table, surface runoff and other water balance components were monitored inside experimental plots containing different land covers; the datasets were analyzed using statistical parameters; and the water balance components uncertainties were computed. Replacing wooded Cerrado by pastureland and sugarcane shifts the overland flow (up to 42 mm yr−1), and soil water storage (up to 504 mm yr−1). This fact suggests significant changes in the water partitioning in a transient land cover and land use (LCLU) system, as the evapotranspiration is lower (up to 719 mm yr−1) in agricultural land covers than in the undisturbed Cerrado. We recommend long-term observations to continue the evaluations initiated in this study, mainly because tropical environments have few basic studies at the hillslope scale and more assessments are needed for a better understanding of the real field conditions. Such efforts should be made to reduce uncertainties, validate the water balance hypothesis and catch the variability of hydrological processes.

scholarly journals URBAN CONFIGURATION AND WATER BALANCE WITH AQUACYCLE MODEL IN THE BELÉM CATCHMENT, SOUTHERN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (79) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Juliana Wilse Landolfi Teixeira de Carvalho ◽  
Irani Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Linear Interaction

The influence of anthropogenic activities on drainage basins increases the complexity of hydrological systems in urban watersheds due to the increased amount of impervious surfaces and the interaction between natural and constructed drainage systems. Herein, the aim is to verify how water balance components respond to anthropogenic changes in different configurations of urban space. The study focuses on the Belém catchment, located in Curitiba, Southern Brazil city. Simulations were performed using the Aquacycle model to evaluate the water balance of fourteen Hydrologic Similarity Areas, which were delimited based on the integrated analysis of zoning law, and demographic density data. The results show a direct and linear interaction between an increase in impervious areas with an increase in surface runoff and decreases in infiltration and evapotranspiration, demonstrating the relationship among urban configuration and components of hydrological cycle. Linear regression analysis indicates R² of 0.986 between impervious surfaces and surface runoff, 0.956 for evapotranspiration and 0.934 for groundwater recharge. However, streamflow and baseflow parameters showed no sensitivity to the percentage of impervious surfaces, with R² 0.557 and 0.244, respectively. Finally, the results indicate a significant contribution to the water balance resulting from water-supply system leakage and wastewater discharge into the drainage system.

scholarly journals Hydrological trade-offs due to different land covers and land uses in the Brazilian Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1263-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil A. A. Anache ◽  
Edson Wendland ◽  
Lívia M. P. Rosalem ◽  
Cristian Youlton ◽  
Paulo T. S. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Land Covers ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract. Farmland expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado, considered one of the largest agricultural frontiers in the world, has the potential to alter water fluxes on different spatial scales. Despite some large-scale studies being developed, there are still few investigations in experimental sites in this region. Here, we investigate the water balance components in experimental plots and the groundwater table fluctuation in different land covers: wooded Cerrado, sugarcane, pasture and bare soil. Furthermore, we identify possible water balance trade-offs due to the different land covers. This study was developed between 2012 and 2016 in the central region of the state of São Paulo in southern Brazil. Hydrometeorological variables, groundwater table, surface runoff and other water balance components were monitored inside experimental plots containing different land covers; the datasets were analyzed using statistical parameters; and the water balance components uncertainties were computed. Replacing wooded Cerrado by pastureland and sugarcane shifts the overland flow (up to 42 mm yr−1) and the water balance residual (up to 504 mm yr−1) and may affect groundwater table behavior. This fact suggests significant changes in the water partitioning in a transient land cover and land use (LCLU) system, as the evapotranspiration is lower (up to 719 mm yr−1) in agricultural land covers than in the undisturbed Cerrado. We recommend long-term observations for continuing the evaluations initiated in this study, mainly because there are few basic studies on tropical environments at the hillslope scale and more assessments are needed for a better understanding of the real field conditions. Such efforts should be made to reduce uncertainties, validate the water balance hypothesis and catch the variability of hydrological processes.

scholarly journals Assessment of Changes in Water Balance Components under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C Global Warming in Transitional Climate Basin by Multi-RCPs and Multi-GCMs Approach

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Hao ◽  
Jingjin Ma ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Dongyong Wang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Spatial Inhomogeneity ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Change Trend ◽  
The Impact

The global warming of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C proposed in the Paris Agreement has become the iconic threshold of climate change impact research. This study aims to assess the potential impact of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming on water balance components (WBC) in a transitional climate basin—Chaobai River Basin (CRB)—which is the main water supply source of Beijing. A semi-distributed hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was driven by climate projections from five General Circulation Models (GCMs) under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) to simulate the future WBC in CRB under the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming, respectively. The impacts on annual, monthly WBC were assessed and the uncertainty associated with GCMs and RCPs were analyzed quantitatively, based on the model results. Finally, spatial variation of WBC change trend and its possible cause were discussed. The analysis results indicate that all the annual WBC and water budget are projected to increase under both warming scenarios. Change trend of WBC shows significant seasonal and spatial inhomogeneity. The frequency of flood will increase in flood season, while the probability of drought in autumn and March is expected to rise. The uneven spatial distribution of change trend might be attributed to topography and land use. The comparison between two warming scenarios indicates that the increment of 0.5 °C could lead to the decrease in annual surface runoff, lateral flow, percolation, and the increase in annual precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET). Uncertainties of surface runoff, lateral flow, and percolation projections are greater than those of other components. The additional 0.5 °C global warming will lead to larger uncertainties of future temperature, precipitation, surface runoff, and ET assessment, but slightly smaller uncertainties of lateral flow and percolation assessment. GCMs are proved to be the main factors that are responsible for the impact uncertainty of the majority assessed components.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document