scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species Are Essential for Vasoconstriction upon Cold Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Shiquan Chang ◽  
Bei Jing ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Huimei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Enos Expression ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Saline Pretreatment

Purpose. We explored the role of ROS in cold-induced vasoconstriction and corresponding mechanism. Methods. Three experiments were performed. First, we measured blood flow in human hands before and after cold exposure. Second, 24 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: 8 mice received saline injection, 8 received subcutaneous Tempol injection, and 8 received intrathecal Tempol injection. After 30 min, we determined blood flow in the skin before and after cold exposure. Finally, we used Tempol, CCG-1423, and Go 6983 to pretreat HAVSMCs and HUVECs for 24 h. Then, cells in the corresponding groups were exposed to cold (6 h, 4°C). After cold exposure, the cytoskeleton was stained. Intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We measured protein expression via Western blotting. Results. In the first experiment, after cold exposure, maximum skin blood flow decreased to 118.4 ± 50.97 flux units. Then, Tempol or normal saline pretreatment did not change skin blood flow. Unlike intrathecal Tempol injection, subcutaneous Tempol injection increased skin blood flow after cold exposure. Finally, cold exposure for 6 h shrank the cells, making them narrower, and increased intracellular Ca2+ and ROS levels in HUVECs and HAVSMCs. Tempol reduced cell shrinkage and decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, Tempol decreased intracellular ROS levels. Cold exposure increased RhoA, Rock1, p-MLC-2, ET-1, iNOS, and p-PKC expression and decreased eNOS expression. Tempol or CCG-1423 pretreatment decreased RhoA, Rock1, and p-MLC-2 levels in HAVSMCs. Furthermore, Tempol or Go 6983 pretreatment decreased ET-1, iNOS, and p-PKC expression and increased eNOS expression in HUVECs. Conclusion. ROS mediate the vasoconstrictor response within the cold-induced vascular response, and ROS in blood vessel tissues rather than nerve fibers are involved in vasoconstriction via the ROS/RhoA/ROCK1 and ROS/PKC/ET-1 pathways in VSMCs and endothelial cells.

Skin blood flow reduction induced by cigarette smoking: role of vasopressin

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. H895-H901 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Waeber ◽  
M. D. Schaller ◽  
J. Nussberger ◽  
J. P. Bussien ◽  
K. G. Hofbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vasopressin Antagonist ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Blood Flow Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion

The effect of vasopressin released by cigarette smoking on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and skin blood flow (SBF) was investigated in 12 normotensive habitual smokers. At a 1-wk interval, each subject smoked within 10 min two cigarettes before and after intravenous injection of either the specific vascular vasopressin antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (5 micrograms/kg) or its vehicle administered in double-blind fashion. SBF was assessed with a laser Doppler flowmeter. Smoking increased plasma vasopressin (P less than 0.01). In six subjects subsequently treated with the antagonist, plasma vasopressin rose to greater than 10 pg/ml and SBF fell by 18.2 +/- 4.8%. This SBF reduction was prevented by the vasopressin antagonist. In contrast, the vehicle had no effect. In the 24 studies taken together, there was a significant correlation (r = -0.60, P less than 0.01) between the SBF decrease during the first smoking period and the plasma vasopressin levels measured afterwards. The BP and HR rise caused by smoking was not modified by the antagonist. Thus it appears that the decrease in SBF induced by smoking is due to enhanced vasopressin secretion.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Local Vibration Frequencies on the Multiscale Regularity of Plantar Skin Blood Flow

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Fuyuan Liao ◽  
Keying Zhang ◽  
Lingling Zhou ◽  
Yanni Chen ◽  
Jeannette Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Frequency Interval ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Local vibration has shown promise in improving skin blood flow (SBF). However, there is no consensus on the selection of the best vibration frequency. An important reason may be that previous studies utilized time- and frequency-domain parameters to characterize vibration-induced SBF responses. These parameters are unable to characterize the structural features of the SBF response to local vibrations, thus contributing to the inconsistent findings seen in vibration research. The objective of this study was to provide evidence that nonlinear dynamics of SBF responses would be an important aspect for assessing the effect of local vibration on SBF. Local vibrations at 100 Hz, 35 Hz, and 0 Hz (sham vibration) with an amplitude of 1 mm were randomly applied to the right first metatarsal head of 12 healthy participants for 10 min. SBF at the same site was measured for 10 min before and after local vibration. The degree of regularity of SBF was quantified using a multiscale sample entropy algorithm. The results showed that 100 Hz vibration significantly increased multiscale regularity of SBF but 35 Hz and 0 Hz (sham vibration) did not. The significant increase of regularity of SBF after 100 Hz vibration was mainly attributed to increased regularity of SBF oscillations within the frequency interval at 0.0095–0.15 Hz. These findings support the use of multiscale regularity to assess effectiveness of local vibration on improving skin blood flow.

Interactions between local and reflex influences on human forearm skin blood flow

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Johnson ◽  
G. L. Brengelmann ◽  
L. B. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Human Forearm ◽  
Forearm Skin ◽  
Forearm Muscle

A three-part experiment was designed to examine interactions between local and reflex influences on forearm skin blood flow (SkBF). In part I locally increasing arm skin temperature (Tsk) to 42.5 degrees C was not associated with increases in underlying forearm muscle blood flow, esophageal temperature (Tes), or forearm blood flow in the contralateral cool arm. In part II whole-body Tsk was held at 38 or 40 degrees C and the surface temperature of one arm held at 38 or 42 degrees C for prolonged periods. SkBF in the heated arm rose rapidly with the elevation in body Tsk and arm Tsk continued to rise as Tes rose. SkBF in the arm kept at 32 degrees C paralleled rising Tes. In six studies, SkBF in the cool arm ultimately converged with SkBF in the heated arm. In eight other studies, heated arm SkBF maintained an offset above cool arm SkBF throughout the period of whole-body heating. In part III, local arm Tsk of 42.5 degrees C did not abolish skin vasoconstrictor response to lower body negative pressure. We conclude that local and reflex influences to skin interact so as to modify the degree but not the pattern of skin vasomotor response.

Role of Nitric Oxide towards Vasodilator Effects of Substance P and ATP in Human Forearm Vessels

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanari Shiramoto ◽  
Tsutomu Imaizumi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hirooka ◽  
Toyonari Endo ◽  
Takashi Namba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Forearm ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent

1. It has been shown in animals that substance P as well as acetylcholine releases endothelium-derived nitric oxide and evokes vasodilatation and that ATP-induced vasodilatation is partially mediated by nitric oxide. The aim of this study was to examine whether vasodilator effects of substance P and ATP are mediated by nitric oxide in humans. 2. In healthy volunteers (n = 35), we measured forearm blood flow by a strain-gauge plethysmograph while infusing graded doses of acetylcholine, substance P, ATP or sodium nitroprusside into the brachial artery before and after infusion of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (4 or 8 μmol/min for 5 min). In addition, we measured forearm blood flow while infusing substance P before and during infusion of l-arginine (10 mg/min, simultaneously), or before and 1 h after oral administration of indomethacin (75 mg). 3. Acetylcholine, substance P, ATP or sodium nitroprusside increased forearm blood flow in a dose-dependent manner. NG-Monomethyl-l-arginine decreased basal forearm blood flow and inhibited acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation but did not affect substance P-, ATP-, or sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilatation. Neither supplementation of l-arginine nor pretreatment with indomethacin affected substance P-induced vasodilatation. 4. Our results suggest that, in the human forearm vessels, substance P-induced vasodilatation may not be mediated by either nitric oxide or prostaglandins and that ATP-induced vasodilatation may also not be mediated by nitric oxide.

Maintenance of renal autoregulation during infusion of aminophylline or adenosine

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (3) ◽  
pp. F366-F373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Premen ◽  
J. E. Hall ◽  
H. L. Mizelle ◽  
J. E. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Renal Metabolism ◽  
Renal Autoregulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

Adenosine has been postulated to link control of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) with changes in renal metabolism. In the present study, we examined the role of adenosine in renal autoregulation by comparing the responses of normal anesthetized dogs to step decreases in renal artery pressure (RAP) to the response obtained after receptor blockade of adenosine with aminophylline or by flooding the kidney with exogenous adenosine. In six dogs at normal RAP, intrarenal infusion of aminophylline (10 mumol/min) did not alter renal hemodynamics. GFR and RBF were well autoregulated (greater than 90% of control) at RAP values equal to or greater than 85 mmHg before and after aminophylline. At RAP equal to 75 mmHg, GFR and RBF decreased by 27 +/- 10 and 20 +/- 8%, respectively, before aminophylline and by 25 +/- 7 and 13 +/- 6% after aminophylline. In a different group of six dogs, intrarenal infusion of adenosine (6 mumol/min) significantly increased RBF (32 +/- 9%) and decreased GFR (38 +/- 10%) at normal RAP. However, GFR and RBF were both well autoregulated (greater than 90% of control) at RAP values equal to or greater than 85 mmHg before and after adenosine. At RAP equal to 75 mmHg, GFR and RBF decreased by 10 +/- 5 and 7 +/- 3%, respectively, before adenosine and by 12 +/- 6 and 17 +/- 5% after adenosine. Neither aminophylline nor adenosine attenuated the elevations in plasma renin activity associated with reductions in RAP. These data fail to provide evidence that adenosine is an important factor in autoregulation of GFR and RBF during acute reductions in RAP within the autoregulatory range.

The effect of repeated cold exposure of the hand on the reactivity of digital vessels

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gaskell ◽  
Kathleen L. Long
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Opening Pressure ◽  
Relative Flow Rate ◽  
Opposite Hand ◽  
Critical Opening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Relative Flow

One hand of each of 10 subjects was immersed in stirred water at 4 °C for 1 h per day, 5 days per week, for 3 weeks, to produce local acclimatization to cold. The opposite hand was immersed at the same time in water at 32 °C. The reactivity of digital vessels in a finger of each hand was measured as the increase in the critical opening pressure of the vessels in response to an intravenous infusion of noradrenaline at 2 and 5 μg/min. The reactivity of digital vessels in the test hand was compared with that in the control hand both before and after the repeated cold exposure of the test hand to see whether the cold exposure altered the reactivity of vessels in the test hand relative to that in the control hand. No evidence of such a relative change was obtained. Resting blood flow at 21 and 32 °C in the test hand was compared with that in the control hand both before and after the repeated cold exposure. No change in the relative flow rate in the two hands was observed as a result of the cold exposure. Roentgen studies of the hands did not reveal any effect of the repeated cold exposure on the mineralization of the bones of the hands.

Hemoglobin, NO, and 20-HETE interactions in mediating cerebral vasoconstriction following SAH

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (1) ◽  
pp. R84-R89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Takeuchi ◽  
Noriyuki Miyata ◽  
Marija Renic ◽  
David R. Harder ◽  
Richard J. Roman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response

Recent studies have indicated that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) contributes to the fall in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the factors that stimulate the production of 20-HETE are unknown. This study examines the role of vasoactive factors released by clotting blood vs. the scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) by hemoglobin (Hb) in the fall in CBF after SAH. Intracisternal (icv) injection of blood produced a greater and more prolonged (120 vs. 30 min) decrease in CBF than that produced by a 4% solution of Hb. Pretreating rats with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 10 mg/kg iv) to block the synthesis of NO had no effect on the fall in CBF produced by an icv injection of blood. l-NAME enhanced rather than attenuated the fall in CBF produced by an icv injection of Hb. Blockade of the synthesis of 20-HETE with TS-011 (0.1 mg/kg iv) prevented the sustained fall in CBF produced by an icv injection of blood and the transient vasoconstrictor response to Hb. Hb (0.1%) reduced the diameter of the basilar artery (BA) of rats in vitro by 10 ± 2%. This response was reversed by TS-011 (100 nM). Pretreatment of vessels with l-NAME (300 μM) reduced the diameter of BA and blocked the subsequent vasoconstrictor response to the addition of Hb to the bath. TS-011 returned the diameter of vessels exposed to l-NAME and Hb to that of control. These results suggest that the fall in CBF after SAH is largely due to the release of vasoactive factors by clotting blood rather than the scavenging of NO by Hb and that 20-HETE contributes the vasoconstrictor response of cerebral vessels to both Hb and blood.

The Role of Nitric Oxide in Skin Blood Flow Increases Due to Vibration in Healthy Adults and Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Maloney-Hinds ◽  
Jerrold S. Petrofsky ◽  
Grenith Zimmerman ◽  
David A. Hessinger
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Adults

scholarly journals Transcranial doppler sonography in two patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain swelling: report of two cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (3a) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Bor-Seng-Shu ◽  
Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira ◽  
Roberto Hirsch ◽  
Almir Ferreira de Andrade ◽  
Raul Marino Jr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Brain Swelling ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intracranial Arteries

The role of decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of severe posttraumatic cerebral swelling remains quite a controversial issue. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study demonstrating the effect of decompressive craniectomy on cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity by means of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). We present two patients who developed traumatic brain swelling and uncontrollable intracranial hypertension with coma and signs of transtentorial herniation. One patient underwent bifrontal, while the second, unilateral, frontotemporoparietal decompressive craniectomy with dural expansion. In both patients, TCD examinations were performed immediately before and after surgery to study the cerebral hemodynamic changes related to the operations. Pre and postoperative TCD examinations demonstrated a significant increase in blood flow velocity in the intracranial arteries in both subjects. In conclusion, our cases suggest that decompressive craniectomy with dural expansion may result in elevation of CBF velocity in patients with massive brain swelling. The increase in CBF velocity appears to occur not only in the decompressed hemisphere, but also on the opposite side.

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