scholarly journals Acute Effects of Muscular Fatigue on Vertical Jump Performance in Acrobatic Gymnasts, Evaluated by Instrumented Insoles: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez-Martí ◽  
Pedro A. Latorre-Román ◽  
María Sofía Martínez-García ◽  
Victor M. Soto-Hermoso ◽  
Miguel A. Carvajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Muscular Fatigue ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Stretch Shortening Cycle ◽  
Regular Training

The study of fatigue during training is becoming a very useful tool to avoid possible injuries not only during the training sessions but also during recovery time. Many researches have proved that concepts such as muscular fatigue and postactivation potentiation have a close relationship. With this aim, vertical jump can provide a very important information that can help to analyze the muscular fatigue that happened during this type of activity, mainly if the monitoring system is able to measure jumping parameters during their regular training session in their natural training environment. This study was performed with instrumented insoles called ECnsole. These insoles were tested with a group of twelve volunteers. In a tumbling surface, the participants performed a jumping protocol in three conditions: rest, fatigue-induced, and recovery. Using these validated insoles, the acrobatic gymnasts showed an inability to use the stretch-shortening cycle for improving vertical jumping performance after fatigue condition, although no deterioration of jump performance was found.

scholarly journals Age-Related Decline in Vertical Jumping Performance in Masters Track and Field Athletes: Concomitant Influence of Body Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Alvero-Cruz ◽  
Mieszko Brikis ◽  
Phil Chilibeck ◽  
Petra Frings-Meuthen ◽  
Jose F. Vico Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Masters Athletes

Vertical jumping power declines with advancing age, which is theoretically explicable by loss of muscle mass and increases in body fat. However, the results of previous cross-sectional studies remain inconsistent on these relationships. The present study included 256 masters athletes who competed at the 2018 track and field world championships in Málaga, Spain. We assessed body composition with bioelectrical impedance (Inbody S10) and vertical jumping power with a Leonardo ground reaction force platform. Relationships between age, jumping power, and body composition were analyzed by correlation and regression analyses. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate effects of each factor on vertical jumping power. Age-related rates of decreases in maximal power and jump height were similar between male and female athletes. Percent fat-free mass and percent body fat were negatively and positively, respectively, associated with age in masters athletes and were comparable to those previously observed in the general population. Moreover, these effects in body composition can, to a great extent, explain the age-related decline in jumping power, an effect that seems at least partly independent of age. Finally, the multiple regression model to determine independent predictors of vertical jump performance yielded an overall R2 value of 0.75 with the inclusion of (1) athletic specialization in power events, (2) percent fat-free mass, and (3) phase angle. However, partial regression yielded significant effects of age, but not gender, on peak power, even when adjusting for athletic specialization, percent fat-free mass, and phase angle. We concluded that loss of skeletal muscle mass and changes in bio-impedance phase angle are important contributors to the age-related reduction in anaerobic power, even in adults who maintain high levels of physical activity into old age. However, age per se remains a significant predictor of vertical jump performance, further demonstrating deteriorated muscle quality at old age (sarcosthenia).

scholarly journals Postactivation potentiation improves jumps performance in children ages 6 to 8 years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
C Gerber ◽  
P Sirieiro ◽  
I Nasser ◽  
C Taber ◽  
H Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Vertical Jumps

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of postactivation potentiation (PAP) in vertical and horizontal jump performance in pre-pubertal children. Material and method: One hundred and nineteen children (65 girls and 54 boys; 6.8 ± 0.7 years old; 124.5 ± 6.4 cm; 25.2 ± 5.1 kg) participated in this study. This was a transversal cross-sectional study which incorporated a within-subjects repeatedmeasures design, where participants completed all protocols. The experimental procedure required four total testing, separated by one week, using a counterbalanced. This study investigated jumping performance associated with weighted jumps, lowload vertical jumps, and horizontal jumps. During two sessions the participants performed vertical jumps with and without PAP, the other two sessions the same procedures were performed for horizontal jumps. The PAP protocol consisted of one set of five weighted countermovement jumps with low-load (10% of body mass) and a rest interval of four minutes prior to the jump tests. Paired t-tests were used between conditions (PAP and control) in the vertical jump and horizontal jump test. In addition, Cohen’s d effect size and 95% confidence interval was used. Results: Significant jump height was observed in the vertical jump in the PAP condition compared to the control condition (p = 0.007). Similar results were observed for the horizontal jump tests, with significant longer distance observed in the PAP condition (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Pre-pubertal children can benefit from the effects of PAP in vertical and horizontal jumping performance when preceded by low-load ballistic movements. A protocol implementing low-loads, determined by a relative percentage of body mass is effective to promote PAP for young children.

scholarly journals The effects of cluster-set and traditional-set post activation potentiation protocols on vertical jump performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Dello Iacono ◽  
Marco Beato ◽  
Israel Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Muscular Fatigue ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Cluster Set ◽  
Squat Jumps

Purpose. To compare the acute effects of two post activation potentiation (PAP) protocols using traditional or cluster-set configurations on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Methods. Twenty-six male basketball players were evaluated on three occasions separated by 72 hours. On the first session, athletes performed barbell squat jumps with progressively heavier loads to determine their individual optimum power loads. On the second and third sessions, athletes completed two PAP protocols in a randomized, counterbalanced order: 3 sets of 6 repetitions of squat jumps using optimum power loads performed with either a traditional (no inter-repetition rest) or a cluster-set (20 s rest every 2 repetitions) configurations. After a comprehensive warm-up, CMJ height was measured using a force platform before, 30 s, 4 min, and 8 min after completing the PAP protocols. Results. While at post-30 s athletes jumped lower compared to baseline in both conditions, jump heights were 0.71 cm higher following the cluster-set compared to the traditional condition (95% CI: 0.37, 1.05 cm). While athletes jumped higher compared to baseline at post-4 and post-8 min in both conditioning, jump heights were higher following the cluster-set compared to the traditional condition in post-4 min by 1.33 cm (95% CI: 1.02, 1.65 cm) and in post-8 min by 1.64 cm (95% CI: 1.41, 1.88 cm). Conclusions. Both traditional and cluster-set configurations induced a PAP response in vertical jump performance using optimum power loaded squat jumps, but the cluster-set configuration led to superior performance likely due to the reduced accumulation of muscular fatigue.

Using an overhead target increases volleyball-specific vertical jump performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 175433712110396
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yildiz ◽  
Zeki Akyildiz ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Deniz Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Vertical Jumps ◽  
Regular Training

In volleyball, spikes, and block jumps are among the most important movements when earning points and impacting performance. Many studies have found a greater jump height after acutely augmented feedback and extrinsic focus of attention on vertical jump height. However, there are limited studies on the long-term effects of using an overhead target on volleyball-specific vertical jumps (block and spike jumps). Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of using an overhead target on the vertical jump heights of volleyball players. Twenty-five professional male volleyball players (age: 24.44 ± 3.78 years; height: 1.82 ± 8.79 cm; body mass: 80.96 ± 9.37 kg) were randomly assigned either to the experimental group with an overhead target (OHT) ( n = 9), group without an overhead target (WOHT) ( n = 10), or the control group ( n = 8). The OHT group performed vertical jumps with an overhead target before their regular training program, while the WOHT group completed vertical jumps without an overhead target before their regular training program. Meanwhile, the control group performed only their regular training program, which was a 5 week (3 days per week) program. All participants’ spike jump (SPJ) and block jump (BJ) results were assessed before and after the intervention. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (3 × 2) did not reveal any significant between-group interactions for SPJ and BJ ( F = 7.32, p < 0.11 and F = 1.59, p < 0.22 respectively), but significant results were found for the time effect ( F = 96.33, p < 0.01 and F = 132.25, p < 0.01 respectively) and group × time interaction ( F = 42.59, p < 0.01 and F = 61.52, p < 0.01, respectively). While the pre- and post-tests for BJ and SPJ values did not change in the control group ( p > 0.05), both of these values increased in the OHT group (60.00 ± 5.95–67.44 ± 5.98 cm, p < 0.01 for d = 1.24 and 49.00 ± 6.74–56.22 ± 5.29 cm p < 0.01 for d = 1.19, respectively) and WOHT group (57.50 ± 4.86–60.50 ± 4.99 cm, p < 0.01 for d = 0.60 and 47.75 ± 4.65–50.25 ± 3.69 cm, p < 0.01 for d = 0.59). It has been suggested that trainers and professionals can use an overhead target to increase the BJ and SPJ heights of professional volleyball players.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TRADITIONAL STRENGTH TRAINING AND OLYMPIC WEIGHTLIFTING IN HANDBALL PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Bárbara Slovak ◽  
Leandro Carvalho ◽  
Fernando Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo Costa Amaral ◽  
Deborah Duarte Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Plyometric Exercise ◽  
Regular Training

ABSTRACT Introduction Olympic weightlifting has been adopted as an alternative to plyometric exercise. However, the effects of these exercises in young handball athletes is not known. Objective To compare the effect of Olympic weightlifting training with traditional strength training on jumping, squatting and acceleration performance in young handball athletes. Ten female handball athletes were evaluated. After six weeks of regular training, the athletes underwent eight weeks of training specifically designed for the survey, with equivalence of the total volume of training and differences in the means used. The evaluations were performed after six weeks of regular training (Baseline), after four weeks of traditional strength training and after four weeks of Olympic weightlifting. Vertical Jumps with and without movement of the arms, acceleration of 10 m, 20 m and 30 m, and 1RM in squatting were quantified. Results Increases (p<0.05) were observed in accelerations and squatting in the Olympic weightlifting and in squatting in the traditional strength training. Differences in coordination, time to activation of the gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus, peak force and power and rate of force development between the jumps and exercises used in the training are hypotheses to be considered for the different responses adaptations found in the jumps. Conclusion The Olympic weightlifting training resulted in an increase in accelerations and strength, but not in vertical jump performance in young handball athletes. Level of Evidence I; Prognostic Studies - Investigation of the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on Disease Outcome.

scholarly journals Differences In Male Collegiate And Recreationally Trained Soccer Players On Balance, Agility, And Vertical Jump Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Sauls ◽  
Nicole C. Dabbs
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Division Ii ◽  
Training Background

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the differences in collegiate and recreationally trained soccer players in sprint, vertical jump, and balance performance. Methods: Twenty-one soccer players, twelve Division II collegiate and nine recreationally trained volunteered to participate. Session one acted as a familiarization day, where the participants were familiarized with testing day protocols. During testing day, participants performed a dynamic warm-up, followed by balance measurements, three countermovement vertical jumps, and pro-agility shuttle test. Results: There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between groups in the all balance variables. Collegiate soccer players had a significantly (p<0.05) greater peak velocity in vertical jump then recreationally trained soccer players. There were significant differences (p<0.05) between groups for maximum for split velocities, where collegiate soccer players were greater than recreationally trained soccer players. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in groups in all other variables. Conclusion: These results indicate that collegiate, Division II, soccer players had greater vertical jumping and sprinting velocities when compared to recreationally trained soccer players. These results may have been impacted by the lack of resistance training background in either of the two groups. With the addition of more time on a collegiate resistance training program, it is very likely the Division II athletes will see a significant increase in all balance, sprint, and vertical jump performance measures compared to recreationally trained players who receive little to no specialized resistance training. 

scholarly journals A cloth facemask increased ratings of perceived exertion and reduced affect, but did not affect sprint or muscular performance during training in athletes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Dantas ◽  
Rui Barbosa Neto ◽  
Natália Mendes Guardieiro ◽  
Ana Lucia de Sá Pinto ◽  
Bruno Gualano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Time Interaction

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of using face masks during sports is likely balanced by coaches and athletes between the risk of infection and their impact on exercise performance. To inform this decision, we aimed to test the effects of wearing a cloth face mask on exercise performance and subjective responses during training of track and field athletes. Participants (n=10) performed two training sessions with and without a 3-layered cloth mask in a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design. The training session was designed to simulate the specific demands of the sport that the athletes practiced. The sprint protocol consisted of performing five maximal 30 m sprints, with a passive 4-min interval between runs. Performance variables (sprint time, acceleration) were calculated using the sprint time data. Jump performance was assessed pre- and post-sprints using a countermovement vertical jump. Throughout the training session, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect were collected. There was no evidence of condition x time interactions for sprint time (P=0.21) or acceleration (P=0.47). There was weak evidence of an effect of condition (P=0.05) on RPE, though no evidence of a condition x time interaction (P=0.35). There was moderate evidence of a condition x time interaction (P=0.02) for affect, with lower ratings following sprints 3, 4 and 5 when using the mask. These findings suggest that wearing a mask may negatively impact subjective feelings of training without necessarily harming sprint performance. During an unmitigated epidemic such as in Brazil, the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with wearing a face mask appears to outweigh the increased discomfort and perception of effort related to this safety tool.

scholarly journals Combined and comparative effects of plyometrics and dynamic stretching on vertical jump in volleyball players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Thattarauthodiyil ◽  
Bhaskar Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Group 5

Objective: Aim of this study was to investigate the combined and comparative training outcomes of plyometrics and dynamic stretching of lower limb muscle groups on vertical jump performance in male and female collegiate volleyball players. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out as two training sessions in a week, for eight weeks duration. The total number of participants was 90 male and 90 female collegiate volleyball players aged 18-22 years. All the participants were recreational players and they were playing one hour daily in the evening. They were randomly distributed into three male groups (Group 1, Group 2 & Group 3) and three female groups (Group 4, Group 5 & Group 6) with 30 participants in each group. All the participants underwent Sargent vertical jump performance test before starting the training session it was repeated in every two weeks of training program. Results: Plyometrics and plyometrics with dynamic stretching led to significant improvements in vertical jump height (VJH), and this improvement was progressed after every two weeks of training. However, the control groups did not display any improvement. The effect of training was significantly higher in male and female groups who have performed plyometrics with lower limbs dynamic stretching as compared with the groups that performed only plyometric exercises (p<0.05). Compared to females, male participants had a better improvement of VJH in both training groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that two sessions of plyometric exercise training per week for eight weeks can improve the ability of VJH in male and female collegiate volleyball players. However, combined training of lower body plyometrics and lower limbs dynamic stretching had better results in terms of vertical jump performance.

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