scholarly journals Effects of Novel Material Field Effect Transistor for Heterogeneous Energy and Traffic-Aware Secure Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
C. Ambika Bhuvaneswari ◽  
E. D. Kanmani Ruby ◽  
A. Manjunathan ◽  
R. Balamurugan ◽  
P. Jenopaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
P Type

The advent of the automated technological revolution has enabled the Internet of Things to rejuvenate, revolutionize, and redeem the services of sensors. The recent development of microsensor devices is distributed in a real-world terrestrial environment to sense various environmental changes. The energy consumption of the remotely deployed microsystems depends on its utilization efficiency. Improper utilization of sensor nodes’ heterogeneity could lead to uneven energy consumption and load imbalance across the network, which will degrade the performance of the network. The proposed heterogeneous energy and traffic aware (HETA) considers the key parameters such as delay, throughput, traffic load, energy consumption, and life span. The residual energy and a minimum distance between the base station and cluster members are taken into consideration for the cluster head selection. The probability of hitting data traffic has been utilized to analyse energy and traffic towards the base station. The role of the sensor node has been realized and priority-based data forwarding are also proposed. As a result, the heterogeneous energy and traffic aware perform well in balancing traffic towards the base station, which is analysed in terms of maximum throughput and increase in a lifetime of heterogeneous energy networks more than 5000 rounds, and the algorithm outperforms 34.5% of nodes are alive with transmissible energy. The proposed research also endorses unequal clustering and minimum energy consumption. We have modeled our proposed research using various p-type junctionless nanowire FET without doping injunctions. The materials used in this analysis were silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), indium phosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and Al(x)Ga(1−x)As. The dimensions of the p-type cylindrical nanowire channel were 25 nm long and 10 nm in diameter.

A QoS aware Framework to support Minimum Energy Data Aggregation and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
R.B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Energy Constrained

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensor nodes obtain data and communicate its data to a centralized node called base station (BS) using intermediate gateway nodes (GN). Because sensors are battery powered, they are highly energy constrained. Data aggregation can be used to combine data of several sensors into a single message, thus reducing sensor communication costs and energy consumption. In this article, the authors propose a QoS aware framework to support minimum energy data aggregation and routing in WSNs. To minimize the energy consumption, a new metric is defined for the evaluation of the path constructed from source to destination. The proposed QoS framework supports the dual goal of load balancing and serving as an admission control mechanism for incoming traffic at a particular sensor node. The results show that the proposed framework supports data aggregation with less energy consumption than earlier strategies.

A QoS Aware Framework to Support Minimum Energy Data Aggregation and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 348-363
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
R.B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Communication Costs ◽  
Energy Constrained

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensor nodes obtain data and communicate its data to a centralized node called base station (BS) using intermediate gateway nodes (GN). Because sensors are battery powered, they are highly energy constrained. Data aggregation can be used to combine data of several sensors into a single message, thus reducing sensor communication costs and energy consumption. In this article, the authors propose a QoS aware framework to support minimum energy data aggregation and routing in WSNs. To minimize the energy consumption, a new metric is defined for the evaluation of the path constructed from source to destination. The proposed QoS framework supports the dual goal of load balancing and serving as an admission control mechanism for incoming traffic at a particular sensor node. The results show that the proposed framework supports data aggregation with less energy consumption than earlier strategies.

scholarly journals Mobile Base Station and Clustering to Maximize Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oday Jerew ◽  
Kim Blackmore ◽  
Weifa Liang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Mobile Base

Using a mobile base station (BS) in a wireless sensor network can alleviate nonuniform energy consumption among sensor nodes and accommodate partitioned networks. In the work of Jerew and Liang (2009) we have proposed a novel clustering-based heuristic algorithm for finding a trajectory of the mobile BS that strikes a nontrivial tradeoff between the traffic load among sensor nodes and the tour time constraint of the mobile BS. In this paper, we first show how to choose the number of clusters to ensure there is no packet loss as the BS moves between clusters. We then provide an analytical solution to the problem in terms of the speed of the mobile BS. We also provide analytical estimates of the unavoidable packet loss as the network size increases. We finally conduct experiments by simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the use of clustering in conjunction with a mobile BS for data gathering can significantly prolong network lifetime and balance energy consumption of sensor nodes.

Performance Analysis of RNC Clustering Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Rawat ◽  
Siddhartha Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Threshold Function ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Clustering Protocol

Background and Objective: The functionalities of wireless sensor networks (WSN) are growing in various areas, so to handle the energy consumption of network in an efficient manner is a challenging task. The sensor nodes in the WSN are equipped with limited battery power, so there is a need to utilize the sensor power in an efficient way. The clustering of nodes in the network is one of the ways to handle the limited energy of nodes to enhance the lifetime of the network for its longer working without failure. Methods: The proposed approach is based on forming a cluster of various sensor nodes and then selecting a sensor as cluster head (CH). The heterogeneous sensor nodes are used in the proposed approach in which sensors are provided with different energy levels. The selection of an efficient node as CH can help in enhancing the network lifetime. The threshold function and random function are used for selecting the cluster head among various sensors for selecting the efficient node as CH. Various performance parameters such as network lifespan, packets transferred to the base station (BS) and energy consumption are used to perform the comparison between the proposed technique and previous approaches. Results and Discussion: To validate the working of the proposed technique the simulation is performed in MATLAB simulator. The proposed approach has enhanced the lifetime of the network as compared to the existing approaches. The proposed algorithm is compared with various existing techniques to measure its performance and effectiveness. The sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a 100m*100m area. Conclusion: The simulation results showed that the proposed technique has enhanced the lifespan of the network by utilizing the node’s energy in an efficient manner and reduced the consumption of energy for better network performance.

Energy Efficient Group Based Linear Wireless Sensor Networks for Application in Pipeline Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Duru ◽  
Neco Ventura ◽  
Mqhele Dlodlo
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring

Background: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been researched to be one of the ground-breaking technologies for the remote monitoring of pipeline infrastructure of the Oil and Gas industry. Research have also shown that the preferred deployment approach of the sensor network on pipeline structures follows a linear array of nodes, placed a distance apart from each other across the infrastructure length. The linear array topology of the sensor nodes gives rise to the name Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSNs) which over the years have seen themselves being applied to pipelines for effective remote monitoring and surveillance. This paper aims to investigate the energy consumption issue associated with LWSNs deployed in cluster-based fashion along a pipeline infrastructure. Methods: Through quantitative analysis, the study attempts to approach the investigation conceptually focusing on mathematical analysis of proposed models to bring about conjectures on energy consumption performance. Results: From the derived analysis, results have shown that energy consumption is diminished to a minimum if there is a sink for every placed sensor node in the LWSN. To be precise, the analysis conceptually demonstrate that groups containing small number of nodes with a corresponding sink node is the approach to follow when pursuing a cluster-based LWSN for pipeline monitoring applications. Conclusion: From the results, it is discovered that energy consumption of a deployed LWSN can be decreased by creating groups out of the total deployed nodes with a sink servicing each group. In essence, the smaller number of nodes each group contains with a corresponding sink, the less energy consumed in total for the entire LWSN. This therefore means that a sink for every individual node will attribute to minimum energy consumption for every non-sink node. From the study, it can be concurred that energy consumption of a LWSN is inversely proportional to the number of sinks deployed and hence the number of groups created.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Based Low Energy Aware Gateway (LEAG) Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5S3) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of a large amount of nodes connected in a self-directed manner. The most important problems in WSN are Energy, Routing, Security, etc., price of the sensor nodes and renovation of these networks is reasonable. The sensor node tools included a radio transceiver with an antenna and an energy source, usually a battery. WSN compute the environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, pollution levels, etc., WSN built the network with the help of nodes. A sensor community consists of many detection stations known as sensor nodes, every of which is small, light-weight and portable. Nodes are linked separately. Each node is linked into the sensors. In recent years WSN has grow to be an essential function in real world. The data’s are sent from end to end multiple nodes and gateways, the data’s are connected to other networks such as wireless Ethernet. MGEAR is the existing mechanism. It works with the routing and energy consumption. The principal problem of this work is choosing cluster head, and the selection is based on base station, so the manner is consumes energy. In this paper, develop the novel based hybrid protocol Low Energy Aware Gateway (LEAG). We used Zigbee techniques to reduce energy consumption and routing. Gateway is used to minimize the energy consumption and data is send to the base station. Nodes are used to transmit the data into the cluster head, it transmit the data into gateway and gateway compress and aggregate the data then sent to the base station. Simulation result shows our proposed mechanism consumes less energy, increased throughput, packet delivery ration and secure routing when compared to existing mechanism (MGEAR).

scholarly journals An Energy Efficient Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenice Prabu A ◽  
Hevin Rajesh D
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Aggregated Data

Abstract In Wireless sensor network, the major issues are security and energy consumption. There may be several numbers of malicious nodes present in sensor networks. Several techniques have been proposed by the researchers to identify these malicious nodes. WSNs contain many sensor nodes that sense their environment and also transmit their data via multi-hop communication schemes to the base station. These sensor nodes provides power supply using battery and the energy consumption of these batteries must be low. Securing the data is to avoid attacks on these nodes and data communication. The aggregation of data helps to minimize the amount of messages transmitted within the network and thus reduces overall network energy consumption. Moreover, the base station may distinguish the encrypted and aggregated data based on the encryption keys during the decryption of the aggregated data. In this paper, two aspects of the problem is concerned, we investigate the efficiency of data aggregation: first, how to develop cluster-based routing algorithms to achieve the lowest energy consumption for aggregating data, and second, security issues in wsn. By using Network simulator2 (NS2) this scheme is simulated. In the proposed scheme, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio and throughput is analyzed. The proposed clustering, routing, and protection protocol based on the MCSDA algorithm shows significant improvement over the state-of - the-art protocol.

Energy Efficient Schemes for Base Station Management in 4G Broadband Systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bousia ◽  
Elli Kartsakli ◽  
Angelos Antonopoulos ◽  
Luis Alonso ◽  
Christos Verikoukis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Main Component

Reducing the energy consumption in wireless networks has become a significant challenge, not only because of its great impact on the global energy crisis, but also because it represents a noteworthy cost for telecommunication operators. The Base Stations (BSs), constituting the main component of wireless infrastructure and the major contributor to the energy consumption of mobile cellular networks, are usually designed and planned to serve their customers during peak times. Therefore, they are more than sufficient when the traffic load is low. In this chapter, the authors propose a number of BSs switching off algorithms as an energy efficient solution to the problem of redundancy of network resources. They demonstrate via analysis and by means of simulations that one can achieve reduction in energy consumption when one switches off the unnecessary BSs. In particular, the authors evaluate the energy that can be saved by progressively turning off BSs during the periods when traffic decreases depending on the traffic load variations and the distance between the BS and their associated User Equipments (UEs). In addition, the authors show how to optimize the energy savings of the network by calculating the most energy-efficient combination of switched off and active BSs.

scholarly journals Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Underwater Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Komal Memon ◽  
Nafeesa Bohra ◽  
Faisal K Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

There is a great demand of an Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) in applications of water monitoring and offshore exploration. In such applications, network comprises of multiple sensor nodes which are deployed at different locations and depths of water. Sensor nodes perform collective tasks such as data collection and data transmission to other nodes or Base Station (BS). The bottom nodes are located at depth of water, and are not able to communicate directly with the surface level nodes, these nodes require multi-hop communication with appropriate routing protocol. Therefore, an energy efficient routing protocols are used for such scenarios, which is necessary as well as challenging task. As sensors are battery operated devices, which are really problematic to recharge or replace. The error and propagation path delays are high in acoustic channels therefore underwater communication is much effected. Realizing the circumstances, more attention has been given to compare energy efficient routing protocols which comparatively consume low energy and achieve high throughput. This paper, comprises of analysis and comparison of existing UWSN based efficient energy routing protocols. Based upon the analysis and comparison, VBF and DBR have been proposed that fulfill the requirements. The analysis is done on NS-2 and for comparison, the performance metrics which are evaluated are: Packet delivery Ratio (PDR), energy consumption, throughput and average End to End (E2E) delay. The results show that VBF protocol consume very large amount of energy as compared to DBR protocol. Whereas DBR protocol have characteristics like low energy consumption, minimum delay high PDR and high throughput than VBF protocol.  

scholarly journals Digital Media Art Communication Based on Wireless Cooperative Routing with Minimum Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shuli Song
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Media Art ◽  
Cooperative Routing ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption

Wireless cooperative routing algorithm transmits the data collected in the target area to users, so that users can obtain monitoring information timely and accurately. In the traditional low-power adaptive clustering hierarchical routing protocol, the process of building clusters is random, the resources of nodes are not fully utilized, the node death speed is fast, the network life cycle is short, and the performance is not stable enough. In addition, the route maintenance process is cumbersome and will occupy a lot of bandwidth. In order to solve the problems of real-time transmission of digital media art communication data and network lifetime optimization, a wireless cooperative routing algorithm based on minimum energy consumption is proposed. The facts of transmission strength consumption, node residual strength, and minimal information transmission extension are analyzed, a new weight feature is proposed, and a multipath statistics routing scheme is developed by using the usage of the minimal strength consumption. All digital media art propagation sensor nodes transmit data to sink nodes along multiple transmission paths. Simulation results show that the algorithm can prolong the network lifetime, reduce and balance the node energy consumption, reduce the data transmission delay, reduce the energy consumption of wireless cooperative routing based on the minimum energy consumption by 64.5%, and increase the number of compressed images by 182%.

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